Arth 140- Final Exam

Vajrayana Buddhism

- tibet buddhism - tantric buddhism - hevajhra with consorts

Tantric Buddhism

- tradition of japan - secret teaching of the buddha -- which are considered Buddha's concealed or hidden teachings. - Increased ritual activity focused on transforming negative qualities/states into positive - Secrecy is critically important. It protects the teachings and practices. --> of one isn't ready the metal stability is at hand - The three goals of tantric Buddhism: PURIFY Mudra (body); Mantra (speech); and Contemplation(mind) - to study tantric the use of art --- ryokai madals

Tibetan Cultural Zone

- understand why were looking at tibet in india called alc. - in india but in Tibetan cultural zone - not confined to the modern day boarders of china, goes well beyond it

Floating World

A term formed from Japanese wood block prints (Ukiyo-e) prints, unlike paintings, were mass-produced and inexpensive. Available on the streets or in small stores, a standard print was the same price as a bowl of noodles. Commoners, especially townspeople and tourists in search of cheap souvenirs, bought prints of the floating world to decorate their homes or place in album collections. these prints were "pictures of the floating world" *** also they were the kabuki theater and the brothels

Buddhism

Buddha (Budh = awaking/intelligent; Buddha is one who is wise or awake) What we're interested in is the ways in which the Buddha, his life and teachings are reflected in art. Symbolically anthropomorphically 4-8 great events of the Buddha's life stories of his previous lives (Jataka tales) = Narrative Art (important genre in Buddhist art) stupa development and worship

Shinto

Japan's indigenous belief system rooted in shamanism but later known as Shinto (Way of the Gods). which evolved out of the needs of an early agrarian culture, initially functioned without scriptures, dogmas, devotional images, famous teachers, or elaborate structures - Way of the Gods

Kami

Shinto spirits or deities. Any sacred being worshipped in Shinto including nature spirits and ancestors ex: sungoddes amaterasu - spirit/essence within all things

Wabi Sabi

Zen ideals - Japanese aesthetics Wabi is associated with "cultivated poverty," which in artistic terms translates into an appreciation of simplicity, austerity, and understatement. Sabi is linked to the beauty of silence and timeworn objects, a preference for the old over the new. It can also refer to enjoyment of the imperfect and weathered—for example, an irregularly shaped tea bowl or moss-covered rock. Wabi‐sabi is as much a sensibility as it is an aesthetic. It emphasizes organic and rustic qualities. "Back‐to‐the‐earth" sensibility.

Lakshana

a group of symbols in images of the Buddha that indicate his attainment of enlightenment, including the urna, ushnisha, and the webbing between the fingers and toes.

Archaism

a thing that is very old or old-fashioned

Confucianism

best described as a political philosophy, derives from the teachings focuses on people Teaching based on "Confucius"(551-479 BCE) Became broadly accepted as ethical/philosophical behavior Emphasis : Social relationships (based on reciprocity, justice, ethical behavior) Filial pietyancestry worship Ethics: sound judgment/self cultivation Good (moral) Government (becomes backbone of Han government policy) -night reveals

Hinduism

from india gods and storys - angkor wat

Merit

gaining rewards through warship -- prayer wheels buddhist practice

pagoda/stupa

in Buddhist architecture, a dome-shaped structure erected as a shrine and containing sacred relics.

Shogunate

in Japan, the government, office, or rule of a shogun. - inauguration portraits

Chan Buddhism

is a school of Mahayana practice that approaches the original teachings of the historic Buddha yet also incorporates Daoist concepts. - meditation is the primary practice adapted form of Chinese Buddhism in the Song period emphasizing meditation - ink on paper Chan or Zen Buddhism, while part of the Mahayana Buddhist sect, focuses on direct, unmediated experiences of enlightenment (as opposed to the Mahayana idea of a bodhisattva's mediation).

Literati

literati classically educated scholars who typically belonged to the official class of men who served in the Chinese political bureaucracy. Sometimes described as scholar-officials. - Qian Xuan, Wang Xizhi Watching Geese

Mandala

mandala an image of the cosmos represented by an arrangement of circles or concentric geometric shapes containing diagrams or images. Used for meditation and contemplation by Buddhists.

Dharma

moral law the fulfillment of one's social and religious duties in Hinduism teachings of the Buddha

Mount Meru

temple mountain in the Hindu/Buddhist tradition, its summit being the holy Mount Meru (the traditional abode of the Vedic and Hindu deities) at its center. to symbolize and mirror the Hindu cosmos, with the central sanctuary representing Mount Meru, -- very specific madnala -- concept is interchangeable with a mandala -- mountain/organizes sacred space -- dieties inhabit parts of the mountains - ocean around it -- levels and layers of dieities - creates through physical arch. expression of mount meru - axil alignment ex. ANGKOR WAT

Kannon

the Bodhisattva of Compassion. - at ajanta / alchi

Islam

the religion of Muslims collectively which governs their civilization and way of life core belief in a single god who takes a single form, who is the creator of life, and who will be the judge of all individuals on Judgment Day. - use of a mosque

circumambulation

the ritual of walking around a holy object, such as a Buddhist stupa.

tomb culture

the use of objects within the tombs and how they work with afterlife and the body - jade -protection - warding off evil

Char-bagh

type of garden