arth 190c exam 2 keywords/concepts

berlin dada

agitprop photomontage style

displacement

an unconscious process whereby feelings or emotions are transferred from their original source onto another object or sign

condensation

an unconscious process whereby two ideas or images combine into a single symbol; especially in dreams

assemblage

art that is made by assembling disparate elements - often everyday objects - scavenged by the artist or bought specially

free will and freedom from politics

forms of freedom were enacted by the collective actions group's participatory artworks

john d rockefeller jr

founded moma in new york in 1929

jean tinguely

nouveau réaliste artist that used kinetic sculpture

new york school

1940s art scene that emerged in new york post wwii reflects the notion that after wwii, new york took over from paris as the world center for innovation in modern art

the uncanny

Freudian concept that describes a strange and anxious feeling sometimes created by familiar objects in unfamiliar contexts

trap picture

a still life created by gluing real artifacts to a display surface, like freezing a moment in time

dada

an art movement dormed during wwii in zurich in negative reaction to the horrors and folly of war

agitprop

artistic form of propaganda that spread to the general public through popular media with an explicitly political message

relational aesthetics

artistic practices based on, or inspired by, human relations and their social context

aura according to walter benjamin

artwork's unique presence in the world as authentic, exquisite, handmade object

mocked abstract expressionism by making similar paintings with machines in place of artists were often designed to self-destruct

aspects of jean tingeuly's kinetic sculptures

aerial bombing, advertising, trench warfare, gas masks, chemical weapons (gas)

aspects of wwi that transformed visual culture

kazimir malevich

associated with supermatism

new woman

associated with the first wave of feminism that referred to the middle class of white women who pushed against the limits set by male dominated society by becoming educated, embarking careers, changing their way of dress, and engaging more in public life

new mexico

at the threat of nazi power many surrealists moved here

decalcomania, frottage, grattage

automatic painting process developed by max ernst

postmodernism

came into wide use in the 1970s in the wake of abstract expressionism and minimalism

avant-garde art is for the cultured and educated while kitch is for the ignorant masses avant-garde art cannot be injected with political messages while kitsch is easily used as a vehicle of propaganda

clement greenberg's idea of the distinction between avant-garde art and kitsch

jackson polluck

closely related with drip painting

exquisite corpse

collaborative drawing approach first used by surrealist artists to create bizarre and intuitive drawings

define set aesthetic and political view of a particular arts movement often criticize and aspect of contemporary culture or of prior art movement

common elements of art manifesto

claude cahun & marcel moore

contested the medical and psychological notions that the "truth" of one's gender could found inside of the body or the psyche

men returned from the war, mutilated and traumatized ratio of women to men in france jumped significantly, disrupting equilibrium between the sexes during the war women had worked as industrial or agricultural workers, roles traditionally performed by men people began to question the links between biological sex and cultural gender roles

contributed to anxiety about gender roles in france post wwi

disponibilte

describes the surrealist state of receptive openness to whatever might happen, used to produce artwork "automatically"

niki de saint phalle

developed shooting pictures

andre kertesz

distorted female figures that stand in for male anxieties about emasculation and deformation

produces self-othering by replicating the self as the other complicates the idea of a unitary sense of self

effects created by the use of doubling in women and trans surrealist artworks

appropriation art

employs an already exiting sign (image, text, sound, etc) in a new composition/artwork

watts rebellion

event inspired Noah Purifoy to abandon Dada-style work and begin making artwork out of debris and wreckage

happening

events created by artists in the late 1950s and early 1960s, which were the forerunners of performance art

photomontage

form of collage developed by hannah hoch as a tool of satire and political protest, which includes cut or torn and pasted photographic reproductions

false

hannah hoch believed it was a good thing that the new woman was a woman who achieved economic independence so she could become a consumer

Salvador dali

hyper-realistic depictions of complexly symbolic, irrational dreamscapes

environment

immersive mixed-media constructions usually designed for a specific place and for a temporary period of time, which were the forefunners of installation art

Rene Magritte

incongruous elements from everyday life depicted with simple, deadpan realism

sigmund freud

initially developed the theory of unconscious

american flag does not express the emotions of the painter, but instead evoke unique emotions for each viewer flag showed that artists were not free to make whatever they liked during the cold war, but merely parrotted the nationalism of popular media flag is a prescribed composition, taking away the artist's freedom to choose colors or make random marks

jaspher john's paintings

zurich dada

nonsense style

sound poem

nonsensical poem that focuses on phonetic aspects of human speech rather than on semantics or syntax

arman

nouveau réaliste artist that used accumulations

yves klein

nouveau réaliste artist that used anthropometries

daniel spoerri

nouveau réaliste artist that used trap pictures

cabaret voltaire

performance that marked the birth of dada

art must be a unique, stable object like painting or sculpture art is a marketable commodity; that the perceptual aspects of art, what it looks like, are key to its significance art must be hand made by the artist

postmodernism embodies a rejection of these characteristics of modernism

using women's bodies as paintbrushes, he could distance his own bodily movements from the act of painting, so as not to imprint the canvas with his psychology

primary reason why yves klein developed anthropometries

not a pure manifestation of the artist's internal state, but refers to the mundane daily reality of bodily functions not purely art, but somewhere between art and life neither purely a painting nor purely a sculpture

robert rauschenburg's "bed"

frida kahlo

self-portraits exploring themes of physical and emotional pain

joan miro

semi figurative symbolic shapes floating on the canvas as if it were an interior world or hallucination

french state's efforts to efface wartime trauma by returning to normal

surrealists turned to the irrationality of the unconscious as a way to protest what?

specular consumption

the act of consuming with the eyes, through the gaze

secondary revision

the effort to make narrative sense or coherent account of the dream on waking, and the various censorships and revisions that this entails

zone of indistinguishability

the moment during a participatory art piece when one can tell that something is happening but cannot clarify what exactly is taking place

self-othering

the process by which othering is applied to oneself so that one's own self or unconscious mind is conceptualized as the stranger within

nazi power

this threat causes surrealists artists to move into hiding and exile

Jiri kovanda

took the form of minimal gestures in public spaces in prague, which involved viewers in the creation of an artwork without their knowing

hans bellmer

uncanny photographs of a dismembered dolls regarded as quintessential examples of surrealist misogyny

meret oppenhein

use of fur covered objects

claude cahun & marcel moore

use of masks

leonora carrington

use of mythical beasts

dorthea tanning

use of sunflowers

believed they had led to the war

why dada artists were disgusted with rationality and modernity

the paintings were used to symbolize the idea that artists were free under capitalism

why eve cockroft believed abstract expressionism was a weapon of the cold war

regular people can encounter artworks in the context of their daily lives artworks and media can be recontextualize to critique their nationalistic messages mass produced images can be recontextualized to be used as weapons against the fascist state

why walter benjamin believes mechanical reproduction is good for art

remedios varo

women portrayed as alchemists

interiority and agency

women surrealists faced problem of depicting their own experiences because in the history of western part they were often depicted without this