ARTS 2000 Final

Queen Nefertiti. C. 1345 B.C.E. Painted limestone

The modern viewer can taken at how contemporary she seems, how she appears to bridge the gap of more than three thousand years to our own world. With her regal headdress and elongated neck, Nefertiti presents a standard of elegance that is timeless.

EGYPT

The principle message of ____ art is continuity-a seamless span of time reaching back into history and forward into the future.

Assemblage

The technique of creating a sculpture by grouping or piecing together distinct elements, as opposed to casting, modeling, or carving. ex: Robert Rauschenberg. Winter Pool. 1959. Combine painting ex of Assemblage

renaissance

The word ___ means "rebirth," and it refers to the revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that is one of the key characteristics of this period. Referring to themselves as humanists, they believed that a sound education should include not only the teachings of the Church and the study of early Christian writers but also the study of the liberal arts— grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, politics, and moral philosophy

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arts of africa

NEOCLASSICISM

became the official style of the Revolution; Jacques-Louis David its official artist; It was felt that great art could only be made from great subject matter like history--A category that included Classical mythology and biblical scenes. This highly polished style became enshrined as academic art that was encouraged by the official art schools of the 19th century. ex: Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. Jupiter and Thetis. 1811. Oil on canvas.

Opening Up to the World

ch 23

the renaissance

chapter 16

Arts of Islam and of Africa

chapter 18

arts of the Pacific and of the Americas

chapter 20

Happenings

eliminating the art object and staging events ex Allan Kaprow. Courtyard. 1962. Happening at the Mills Hotel, New York.

Mark Rothko. Orange and Yellow. 1956. Oil on canvas.

ex of Color Field Painting

Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Le Moulin de la Galette. 1876. Oil on canvas.

ex of alla prima

Henri Matisse. The Joy of Life. 1905-06. Oil on canvas.

example of Fauvism

Jacques-Louis David. The Oath of the Horatii. 1784-85. Oil on canvas

example of Neoclassicism

Jackson Pollock. Number 1, 1949. 1949. Enamel and metallic paint on canvas.

example of The New York School Action painting

Robert Rauschenberg. Winter Pool. 1959. Combine painting

example of assemblage

Marina Abramovic' and Ulay. Imponderabilia. 1977. Performance at the Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna, Bologna, Italy.

example of body art and performance

Wassily Kandinsky, Black Lines No. 189, 1913. Oil on canvas

example of expressionism

Allan Kaprow. Courtyard. 1962. Happening at the Mills Hotel, New York.

example of happenings

Claude Monet. Autumn Effect at Argenteuil. 1873. Oil on canvas

example of impressonism

Agnolo Bronzino. Allegory (Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time). C. 1545. Oil on wood.

example of mannerism

Donald Judd. Untitled (Stack). 1967. Lacquer on galvanized iron, twelve units.

example of minimalism

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. Jupiter and Thetis. 1811. Oil on canvas.

example of neoclassicism

Nkondi figure. Lower Congo. Before 1878.

example of nkondi

Andy Warhol. Gold Marilyn Monroe. 1962. Silkscreen ink on synthetic polymer paint on canvas.

example of pop art

Roy Lichtenstein. Blam. 1962. Oil on canvas.

example of pop art

Gustave Courbet. A Burial at Ornans. 1849-50. Oil on canvas.

example of realism

Jean-Honore Fragonard. The Pursuit, from The Progress of Love. 1771-73. Oil on canvas.

example of rococo

Great Stupa, Sanchi, India. Sunga and early Andhra periods, 3rd century B.C.E.-1st century

example of stupa; NOT EXACT PICTURE

Masaccio. Trinity (with the Virgin, St. John the Evangelist, and Donors.) (The Holy Trinity) 1425. Fresco.

Masaccio uses linear perspective to construct a deep, convincing architectural space as a setting for his figures who are arranged in a stable triangle that extends from the head of God the Father, who stands over the dead Christ, through the two donors who kneel to either side of the holy grouping and outside their sacred space.

Interior, Sistine Chapel, Vatican, Rome. 1473-80.

Michelangelo was called to Rome by Pope Julius II. Named after an earlier pope called Sixtus, the Sistine Chapel has a high vaulted ceiling 128 feet long and 44 feet wide. It was painted in 4 years, in which Michelangelo invented an illusionistic architecture, painted to look like stone.

Michelangelo. David. 1501-04. Marble.

Michelangelo's "David" A colossal image of the biblical hero David, the young Hebrew shepherd who killed the giant Goliath with a single stone from his slingshot. Michelangelo studied anatomy and had dissected corpses, so he knew how bodies looked on the inside as well as the outside. This figure seems made of muscle and flesh and bone, though its all in marble.

Mosaic depicting Christ as Pantokrator, Santa Maria la Nuova, Monreale, Sicily. Before 1183.

NOT EXACT PICTURE Christ the Pantokrator is an example of glittering Byzantine mosaic and emphasizes the divine, awe-inspiring, even terrifying majesty of Christ as opposed to his gently, approachable, human incarnation as Jesus. example of icon

Detail of east gate with yakshi. Great Stupa, Sanchi, India. Sunga and early Andhra periods, 3rd century B.C.E.-1st century

NOT EXACT PICTURE Here, the YAKSHI enlaces her arms in a mango tree, which has blossomed at the sound of her laughter. Together with her numerous companions on the other gateways, she showers blessings of abundance on the site and all who enter it.

Baroque definition

"A style of artistic expression prevalent especially in the 17th century that is marked generally by use of complex forms, bold ornamentation, and the juxtaposition of contrasting elements often conveying a sense of drama, movement, and tension." "...characterized by grotesqueness, extravagance, complexity, or flamboyance."

Neoclassicism

"new classicism" Seriousness was now in vogue. Patrons and artists across Europe were newly fascinated by the Classical past, and their interest was encouraged by rulers and social thinkers hoping to foster civic virtues such as patriotism, stoicism, selfsacrifice and frugality-virtues they associated with the Roman Republic. ____ art of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, looked to the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome. ____ emphasized order, clarity, and restraint.

Jean-Michel Basquiat. Hollywood Africans. 1983. Acrylic and oil stick on canvas.

(ARTIST) was born in Brooklyn of AfroCarribbean heritage, speaking English, Spanish and French. He drew his energy from street life, the punk scene, the early years of hip hop, and the graffiti images that then were appearing on subways, storefronts, and almost every urban surface. He first attracted attention in his teens with brief graffitied phrases-critical, cryptic, poetic, philosophical-tagged SAMO. Many of the sayings were spray-painted on walls near art galleries and directed at the art world. People noticed. example of The Painterly Image

Paul Gauguin. Te Aa No Areois (The Seed of Areoi). 1892. Oil on burlap

(ARTIST) was interested in expressing a spiritual meaning in his art. All these he sought on the sundrenched islands of the South Pacific. To this lightened palette he added his own innovations: flattened forms and broad color areas, a strong outline, tertiary color harmonies, a taste for the exotic, an aura of mystery, and a quest for the "primitive." (ARTIST) believed that European art had been in thrall for too long to the legacy of Greece and Rome, and he looked to the art of Egypt, Islam and Asia to renew it. example of post-impressionism

Edouard Manet. Luncheon on the Grass (Le Déjeuner Sur l'Herbe). 1863. Oil on Canvas

(ARTIST) was making fun of other artists, and one critic lamented that (ARTIST) was trying to achieve celebrity by shocking the public. The public scandal, the flatness, the artificiality, the ambiguity, and selfconscious relation to art history-all have made the painting a touchstone of modern art.

Mary Cassatt. The Boating Party. 1893-94. Oil on canvas.

(ARTIST)'s natural inclination drew her toward scenes from daily life, especially intimate domestic scenes of mothers and children-a world men rarely depicted in art.

Joan Miro. Carnival of the Harlequin . 1924-25. Oil on canvas.

(TITLE) offers a Surrealist view of one of the most famous of all Spanish paintings, Las Meninas. As interpreted by (ARTIST), Surrealism's dreams are lively ones.

Spanish and Portugese Colonial America ca. 1780

- Baroque art was widespread in Latin America during 17th-18th centuries. - Mixing of European styles with elements unique to Latin America - Mixing of criollo and indigenous aesthetics

Baroque Art

17th century Europe and colonies throughout Latin America - Dramatic - dynamic figurative poses; chiaroscuro; large scale - Narrative - primarily Catholic Christian themes; "Persuasiveness" - Artists also looked to Greek / Roman mythology - Aesthetic implying wealth and power - "Big Budget" productions - Sculpture, Painting, Architecture

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18th century

Pop Art

An art style of the 1960's, deriving its imagery from popular, mass-produced culture. Deliberately mundane, Pop Art focused on the overfamiliar objects of daily life to give them new meanings as visual emblems ex Andy Warhol. Gold Marilyn Monroe. 1962. Silkscreen ink on synthetic polymer paint on canvas.

nkondi

A ____ begins its life as a plain carved figure, commissioned from a sculptor like any other. To empower it, the ritual specialist adds packets of materials to its surface, materials linked to the dead and to the dire punishments the ____ will be asked to inflict. Over the years, nails and other materials accumulate, offering visual testimony to the ____'s fearsome prowess. Much of the artwork from Africa is lost to us because it was made of perishable material such as wood

bodhisattva

A ____ is a saintly being who helps others attain enlightenment

Minimalism

A broad tendency during the 1960s and 1970s toward simple, primary forms. Minimalist artists often favored industrial materials (sheet metal, bricks, plywood, fluorescent lights) and their sculptures (which they preferred to call objects) tended to be set on the floor or attached to the wall rather than placed on a pedestal. ex Donald Judd. Untitled (Stack). 1967. Lacquer on galvanized iron, twelve units.

Judy Chicago. The Dinner Party. 1979. Mixed media.

A most important work of this time, (TITLE) is a collaborative work with the help of hundreds of women and several men. Arranged around a triangular table are thirty-nine place settings, each one created in honor of an influential woman, such as Egyptian ruler Hatshepsut and the novelist Virginia Woolf. The names of an additional 999 important women are written on the floor. (ARTIST) demanded artistic equality for media (ceramics, weaving, needlepoint, embroidery) associated with "women's work".

Photorealism

A movement in painting and sculpture of the 1960s and 1970s that imitated the impersonal precision and wealth of minute detail associated with photography. Painters took an actual photograph for their subject, faithfully depicting the effects of depth of field (sharp detail giving way to blurred areas), forced perspective, and other characteristics of the technology.

Impressionism

A movement in painting originating in the 1860s in France. ___ arose in opposition to the academic art of the day. In subject matter, ___ followed Realism in portraying daily life, especially the leisure activities of the middle class. Landscape was also a favorite subject, encouraged by the new practice of painting outdoors. ex: Claude Monet. Autumn Effect at Argenteuil. 1873. Oil on canvas

SURREALISM

A movement of the early 20th century that emphasized imagery from dreams and fantasies. ex: Salvador Dali. The Persistence of Memory. 1931. Oil on canvas.

Laocoon Group. Roman copy, late 1st century B.C.E. Marble.

A second Greek HELENISTIC style overthrew Classical values in favor of dynamic poses and extreme emotions The sculpture depicts the priest, Lacoon, and his children in their death throes, entwined by the deadly snakes, projecting complicated and intense movement

Color Field Painting

A style of nonrepresentational painting featuring broad fields or areas of color. It shared Abstract Expressionists fondness for large scale as well as its desire to transcend the visible world in favor of universal truths viewed as unconscious or spiritual. ex: Mark Rothko. Orange and Yellow. 1956. Oil on canvas.

tumultuous

All of the wars in Europe during the Baroque (17th century) period created a ___ atmosphere that was reflected by the art of the era. The Catholic church desired to 'win back' the faithful from conversion to Protestantism, while rivaling royal families felt compelled to outdo each others' displays of power.

FURTURISM

An art movement founded in Italy in 1909 and lasting only a few years. ___ concentrated on the dynamic quality of modern technological life, emphasizing speed and movement. ex: Umberto Boccioni. Unique Forms of Continuity in Space. 1913. Bronze.

Expressionism

An art movement of the early 20th century, especially prevalent in Germany, which claimed the right to distort visual appearances to express psychological or emotional states, especially the artist's own personal feelings. Expressionism describes any art style where the artist's subjective feelings take precedence over objective observation. ex: Wassily Kandinsky, Black Lines No. 189, 1913. Oil on canvas

Body Art and Performance

An event or action carried out by an artist and offered as art. In widespread use since the 1970s , performance art is an umbrella term that embraces earlier practices such as happenings and events staged by Dada artists. Performances may range from improvisatory to highly scripted, and from actions of daily life to elaborately staged spectacles. example Marina Abramovic' and Ulay. Imponderabilia. 1977. Performance at the Galleria Comunale d'Arte Moderna, Bologna, Italy.

DADA

An international art movement that emerged during World War I (1914-18). Believing that society itself had gone mad, ____ refused to make sense or to provide any sort of aesthetic refuge or comfort. Instead, it created "anti-art" that emphasized absurdity, irrationality, chance, whimsy, irony, and childishness. Deliberately shocking or provocative works, actions, and events were aimed at disrupting public complacency. ex: Marcel Duchamp. Fountain. 1917/1964 Edition Schwarz, Milan. Ceramic compound.

19th century

Art museums themselves were a development of the ____ century, and they made art available to the public. The first national museum was the Louvre in Paris. Debates about art and modernity began during the ___ century, resulting in the ever-increasing number of "isms" that appear in art history

postmodernism

Art of the 80's + 90's It became clear to many people that ideas about art that seemed to have been in place for much of the modern era were eroding and that something different was taking their place. This new climate of thought came to be called Postmodernism. Instead of building on Modernist ideas and progressing forward, architects reached both backward-adapting ornaments and forms from traditions as distant as ancient Egypt-and outwardlooking seriously at common everyday architecture. They often emphasized other, equally human qualities such as playfulness, curiosity, and eccentricity

Post-Impressionism

Artists were united in rejecting the relative absence of form than could be found in optical perceptions of light characteristic of Impressionism. They include Seurat, van Gogh, Gauguin, and Cezanne. ex: Paul Gauguin. Te Aa No Areois (The Seed of Areoi). 1892. Oil on burlap

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Arts of China

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Baroque Art in Europe

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Baroque in Latin America

the Paleolithic Period, or Old Stone Age

Beginning around 9000 B.C.E. and continuing over the next four thousand years, ______, gradually gave way to the Neolithic, or New Stone Age.

Ahmad al-Suhrawardi, calligrapher. Page from a copy of the Qur'an. Baghdad, 1307. Ink, colors and gold on paper

Book Arts -This is a page form the Qur'an -Interlacing plant forms ornament -It contains Arabic (Kufic) script -The process of writing on this page is considered an act of prayer

Katsushika Hokusai. The Great Wave of Kanagawa. From the Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji. 1830-32. Woodblock print., ink and color on paper.

Brilliant contrast appears with the angry wave rearing up with claws of foam, with the second wave in the foreground echoing the shape of Mount Fuji, which appears calm and serene, its sloping sides leading up to a majestic snowcapped peak. (TITLE) at Kanagawa has become an icon of Japanese art, famous around the world.

REALISM

Broadly, any art in which the goal is to portray forms in the natural world in a highly faithful manner. An art style of of the mid-19th century which fostered the idea that everyday people and events are fit subjects for important art. ex: Gustave Courbet. A Burial at Ornans. 1849-50. Oil on canvas.

THE MODERN WORLD: 1800-1945

CHAPTER. 21

Arts of Asia: India, China and Japan

Ch. 19

From Modern to Postmodern

Ch. 22

Ancient Mediterranean Worlds

Chapter 14

Christianity and the Formation of Europe

Chapter 15

Sandro Botticelli. The Birth of Venus. C.1480. Tempera on canvas.

Early in his career, Botticelli had the great fortune to enjoy the patronage of the Medici, the ruling merchant family of Florence, who probably commissioned this painting. Venus was the Roman goddess of love and beauty. According to legend, she was born from the sea, and so Botticelli depicts her on a floating shell. The wind god Zephyr and his wife blow her gently toward the shore, where a figure representing spring waits ready to clothe Venus in a flowing garment. Such a large-scale depiction of the female nude in art had been virtually unknown since Classical times.

Kouros. C. 580 B.C.E. Marble.

Egyptian influence is clear in this life-size statue of a young man with the pose of one leg forward, arms at the sides, hands clenched.

Female Figure from Willendorf. C. 23,000 B.C.E. Limestone

Found near Willendorf, a town near present day Austria, often serves as an emblem of art history's beginnings. Less than 5 inches tall, scholars long assumed that they were fertility figures, used in some symbolic way to encourage pregnancy and childbirth or they testify to a widely shared belief system that evolved over time

tombs

From earliest times, Egyptians had buried their most lavish art in royal ____ sending rulers into eternity outfitted with everything they would need to continue life in the sumptuous style they had known on Earth.

Mannerism

From the Italian maniera, meaning "style" or "stylishness," a trend in 16th century Italian art. Mannerist artists cultivated a variety of elegant, refined, virtuosic, and highly artificial styles, often featuring elongated figures, sinuous contours, bizarre effects of scale and lighting, shallow pictorial space, and intense colors.

Orient

Geographically, the closest "exotic" cultures to Europe were the Islamic lands of North Africa. To European thinking, these were part of "the ____"-a realm imagined as sensuous and seductive, full of barbaric splendor and cruelty.

Giotto. The Lamentation. 1305-06. Fresco.

Giotto was a late Middle Ages artist whose innovations in creating figures and settings with increased naturalism greatly influenced future Renaissance painting styles.

Aphrodite of Melos (also called the Venus de Milo) c. 150 B.C.E. Marble

Her twisted pose may be explained by the theory that her missing arms once held a shield propped up on her raised knee. She would have been admiring her own reflection in a mirror as she contemplated her beauty

Hide painted with scenes of warfare. Lakota, North or South Dakota, c. 1880. Hide and pigments.

Hides provided a surface on which Plains men recorded their exploits as warriors. Drawn by Lakota warriors, the images here record a battle between the Lakota and the Crow. Clearly visible are the feathered headdresses made from the tail feathers of eagles, that were a distinctive feature of Plains costume. Only a proven warrior was permitted to wear one in battle.

Hirschfeld Workshop (attr.). Krater. C. 750-735 B.C.E. Terra Cotta

Human figures appear amid the geometric mo

Salon

In 19th-century France, the mark of an artist's success was acceptance at the annual ___. In 1863 the ___ jury rejected almost three thousand of the submitted works. "___ des Refuses" ("showing off those who have been refused"), showed the most notorious painting by Manet.

Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun. Marie-Antoinette and Her Children. 1787. Oil on canvas.

In an attempt to repair the queen's frivolous and flirtatious reputation, (artist) was asked to paint a devoted and beloved mother. She is aware of the seriousness of her position and fully capable of the quiet dignity needed to fulfill it. Within two years, revolution had swept the country, ultimately destroying the monarchy and the aristocracy.

High Renaissance in Italy

In barely twenty-five years, from shortly before 1500 to about 1520, some of the most celebrated works of Western art were produced and the outstanding figures among them were unquestionably Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Many of Leonardo's most ambitious works were left unfinished.

alla prima

In technique, Impressionists painters favored ___ ___ painting, which was put into the service of recording fleeting effects of nature and the rapidly changing urban scene. ex: Pierre-Auguste Renoir. Le Moulin de la Galette. 1876. Oil on canvas.

Michelangelo. Sistine Chapel Ceiling. 1508-12. Fresco.

In the niches along the sides, portrayed the Old Testament prophets and ancient Greek sybils-women gifted with prophecy. Along the central spine of the ceiling, frames a series of nine pictorial spaces, depicting scenes from Genesis, from the creation of the world through the story of Noah and the Flood.

Yinka Shonibare, MBE. Cake Man. 2013. Fiberglass mannequin, Dutch wax-printed cotton textile, plaster, polystyrene, pocket watch, globe, leather, and steel baseplate.

Nigerian-British artist, (ARTIST), is known for installations featuring headless mannequins dressed in 18th or 19th century-style clothing made of colorful "African" cloth. (ARTIST) explores issues of cultural influence and cross-influence. "(TITLE) is essentially about greed, the burden of carrying wealth and never having enough. Even though it weighs you down, you still want more"

Sesshu Toyo. Landscape (in the haboku technique). 1495. Hanging scroll, ink on paper.

One of the enduring strengths of Japanese culture is the ability to absorb and transform new ideas while keeping older traditions vital. example of haboku

Salvador Dali. The Persistence of Memory. 1931. Oil on canvas.

Possibly the most famous of all Surrealist works is (ARTIST)'s (TITLE). His renderings of super-realistic forms is precise and meticulous yet the forms could not possibly be real. Perhaps in this work (ARTIST)'s fantasy, his dream, is to triumph once and for all over time. example of surrealism

Colosseum, Rome. 72-80 C.E.

Romans are best known for their architecture and engineering. A large oval covering 6 acres, the Colosseum was planned under the emperor Vespasian and dedicated in 80 C.E. as an amphitheater for gladiatorial games and public entertainments including wild animals in bloody and gruesome contests

female nudes

Sculptors of the late Classical period had begun admitting __ ___into the public realmthough only as goddesses or mythological characters (Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, beauty and fertility)

Inhabitants of the Island of Nuku Hiva. 1813. Hand-colored copperplate engraving after original drawings by Wilhelm Gottlieb Tilesius von Tilenau.

Showing the different stages of the lifelong tattooing process. The act of tattooing was considered sacred by the Marquesans, performed ritually by a specialist, TUKUKA, who invoked the protective presence of specific deities.

STUPAS

Siddhartha Gautama, later known as the Buddha ("awakened")strove to extinguish desire by cultivating nonattachment, and to that end he proposed the eightfold path of moral and ethical behavior. After his death, his cremated remains were distributed among eight memorial mounds called ___ (a solid earthen mound faced with stone). Pilgrims come to be near the energy that is believed to emanate from the Buddha's remains and visit the ___ by ritually walking around it

Bayeux Tapestry. C. 1073-88. Wool embroidery on linen.

The (TITLE) is like a long picture book- 20 inches high and 231 feet long-telling the story of the conquest of England by William of Normandy in 1066. This scene (1 of 72 separate episodes) shows a group of Anglo-Saxons, who fought on foot, making a stand on a hill against a Norman cavalry assault. example of embriodery

Piet Mondrian. Trafalgar Square. 1939-43. Oil on canvas.

The Bauhaus and De Stijl both sought to create harmony between individual lives and modern industry and technology. (ARTIST) distilled his art to what he considered to be the most universal signs of human order: vertical and horizontal lines, and the primary colors of red, yellow and blue. He thought of his canvases as places where we could turn to stabilize ourselves and restore our calm.

Greece

The Classical World

Rome

The Classical World

Marcel Duchamp. Fountain. 1917/1964 Edition Schwarz, Milan. Ceramic compound.

The Dadaist with the most lasting impact on American Art in the 20th century was (ARTIST), whose "ready-mades" probed the border between art and life in a way that later generations have returned to again and again. ex of dada ex of ready-mades

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The High Renaissance in Italy

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The Late Renaissance in Italy

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The Middle Ages in Europe

"Warrior A", discovered in the sea near Riace, Italy. C. 450 B.C.E. Bronze, with bone and glass eyes, silver teeth, and copper lips and nipples

The Riace warriors were created during the CLASSICAL period of Greek art, which dates from 480- 323 B.C.E. Although all ancient Greek and Roman art is broadly known as Classical, the art produced during these decades was considered by later European scholars to be the finest of the finest.

Eugene Delacroix. The Women of Algiers. 1834. Oil on canvas.

The Women of Algiers portrays three women and their servant in a harem, the women's apartment of an Islamic palace. Delacroix had apparently been allowed to visit an actual harem, a rare privilege for a man, not to mention a European. example of romanticism

Guanyin. Song dynasty. C. 1100. Painted wood.

The bodhisattva (TITLE) became the object of special affection in China, who was believed to reside high on a mountain and offer special protection to all who traveled the sea. Carved from wood, Guanyin sits in a position known as the pose of royal ease.

sfumato

The entire scene is bathed in the gentle light of ___ (derived from the Italian for "smoke"), Leonardo's specialty, in which layer upon layer of transparent glazes produce a hazy atmosphere, softened contours, and velvet shadows. Leonardo da Vinci. Madonna and Child with Saint Anne. C.1503-06. Oil on wood

Shihuangdi

The first Qin emperor, ____, ordered the crafting of a huge terra-cotta army. Discovered in 1974, row upon row the life-sized figures stand in their thousands-soldiers, archers, cavalrymen, and charioteers-facing east, the direction from which danger was expected to come.

Rococo

The first half to three-quarters of the 18th century is often thought of as the age of ____; a development and extension of the Baroque style; French word for "rocks" and "shells," forms that appeared as decorative motifs in architecture, in furniture and occasionally in painting. Like the Baroque, Rococo is an extravagant, ornate style. In contrast, Rococo is more intimate, suitable for the aristocratic home and the drawing room. Baroque colors are intense; Rococo leans more toward the gentle pastels. Baroque is large in scale, massive, dramatic; Rococo has a smaller scale and a lighthearted, playful quality.

-geometric patterns -stylized plant forms -decorative script

The following became an important device for Islamic artists as a result of Islamic doctrine forbidding images of animate beings in religious context:

Buddha Preaching the First Sermon, from Sarnath. C. 465-85 c.e. Sandstone

The hand gestures of the Buddha, called MUDRAS, indicate preaching.

Caravaggio Entombment of Christ 1604. Oil on canvas.

The invention of painting the dramatic way with light and dark was the inventin of Carvaggio. Set on a diagonal

HELLENISTIC

The last phase of Greek art is known as

Nanna Ziggurat, Ur (present-day Maqaiyir, Iraq). C.2100-2050 B.C.E

This example was dedicated to the moon god Nanna, the protective deity of the Sumerian city of Ur. The ziggurats elevated the temple to a symbolic mountaintop, a meeting place for Heaven and Earth, where priests and priestesses communicated with the gods.

Leonardo da Vinci. Madonna and Child with Saint Anne. C.1503-06. Oil on wood

Triangular (or pyramidal) organization would remain a favorite device of Italian Renaissance artists. The three figures form a single unit because they are a single lineage as our gaze falls across the generations, from Saint Anne to her daughter Mary to Mary's son Jesus. Jesus attempts to climb onto a lamb, a symbol of his future sacrifice.

Michelangelo

When Leonardo was living in Florence so was ____, a quarter-century younger yet already thought of as Leonardo's rival in greatness.

haboku

Zen priest-painters used a painting technique called ____, "splashed ink" as a metaphor to express sudden enlightenment

Renaissance

___ artists turned to stories of Greek and Roman gods and goddesses for subject matter.

yakshi

___ is the nature spirit embodying ideas of fertility and abundance. In Indian thought, it was held that women were able to cause trees to blossom or bear fruit.

Fauvism/Fauves:

___/___ means the "wild beasts". A shortlived but influential art movement in France in the early 20th century that emphasized bold, arbitrary, expressive color. example: Henri Matisse. The Joy of Life. 1905-06. Oil on canvas.

Egyptian

____ painting reveals the same clear visual design and illustrative skill as the works in stone.

ROMANTICISM

____ urged the claims of emotion, intuition, individual experience, and, above all, the imagination. Romantic artists gloried in such subjects as mysterious or aweinspiring landscapes, picturesque ruins, extreme or tumultuous human events, the struggle for liberty, and scenes of exotic culture. ex: Eugene Delacroix. The Women of Algiers. 1834. Oil on canvas.

Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon. 1907. Oil on canvas.

a pivotal work in the development of 20th century art. It was not (ARTIST)'s title but was given to the painting years later by a friend of his. It translates as "the young women of Avignon" and refers to the prostitutes of Avignon Street, a notorious district of Barcelona, Picasso's hometown. (ARTIST) looked for inspiration from ancient traditions of Iberia and Africa. example of cubism

Icon

a specific kind of image, either a portrait of a sacred person or a portrayal of a sacred event

Embroidery

a technique in which colored yarns are sewn to an existing woven background

Krater

a vessel used for wine and one of many standard Greek pottery shapes. The ___ not only depicts a funeral but also served as a grave marker itself, which was found in the Dipylon Cemetery, a burial ground near the entrance to ancient Athens

READY-MADES

a work of art that the artist has not made but designated. ex: Marcel Duchamp. Fountain. 1917/1964 Edition Schwarz, Milan. Ceramic compound.

CUBISM

developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque; A movement developed in the early 20th century that abstracted the forms of the visible world into fragments or facets drawn from multiple points of view, then constructed an image from them which had its own internal logic. A severely restricted palette (black, white, brown) and a painting technique of short, distinct "touches" allowed shards of figure and ground to interpenetrate in a shallow, shifting space. ex: Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon. 1907. Oil on canvas.

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feminist art!

Illuminated

furnished with illustrations and decorations ex The Gospel Book of Durrow is an example of an illuminated manuscript probably made by Irish monks working in Scotland It announces the beginning of the Gospel of Mark-one of the four accounts in the Bible of the life and works of Jesus. At the center of the page is Saint Mark's symbolic animal, the lion.

Manuel Chili, known as "Caspicara" (Ecuador, 1723 -1796) Calvary Polychrome grafitto gilt wood

not exact, close up sculpture EXTRA CREDIT

Gianlorenzo Bernini St. Teresa in Ecstasy Cornaro Chapel. 1645-52. Marble and gilt bronze

note the spirals (common in baroque) christ

The New York School

painters associated with the first major postwar art movement, also known as Abstract Expressionists example: Jackson Pollock. Number 1, 1949. 1949. Enamel and metallic paint on canvas.

Ziggurats

temples or shrines raised on a monumental stepped base

Kouros

the Greek word for youths or boys and were created largely during the ARCHAIC period of Greek art, so called because what would later be leading characteristics can be seen in their early form.

divider

the early renaissance in italy

Action painting

the physical act of applying paint to a support in bold, spontaneous gestures supplies the expressive content example: Jackson Pollock. Number 1, 1949. 1949. Enamel and metallic paint on canvas.

The Oldest Art

these civilizations-the "worlds" of our title-were preceded by far older human societies about which we know very little. Scattered evidence of their existence reaches us over a vast distance of tens of thousands of years, fascinating, mysterious and mute.