AS310 Exam 2

The two FMC settings for climb derate reduce the thrust by what percentages? -10% / -20% -20% / -30% -10% / -15%

-10% / -20%

what are the factors that increase tire speed and failure

-heavy takeoffs -high altitude on a hot day -taiwind

A low Vmbe (max brake energy) can be caused by what 4 things

-high elevation on hot days -tailwind -negative runway slope -high takeoff weight

reduced thrust takeoff does what

-saves airline money on engine wear and maintenance

Vs1g is identified by the aircraft only when the accelerometer registers a drop of _____. 0.5g 0.05g 1g

0.05g

What is the maximum suggested contaminant thickness that an aircraft can encounter on the runway and still takeoff? 1in 0.5in 1.5in

0.5in

What is the percentage between net flight pat (NFP) and Gross Flight path (GFP)

0.8%

What is the percentage gradient from the end of the runway for obstacles that must be considered in calculations

1.2%

High energy speeds for RTO in airliners are typically above? 110kt 100kt 120kt

100kt

What is the minimum length required for a Runway End Safety Area? 150m 240m 200m

150M

As per regulations, how much can maximum thrust be reduced? 15% 25% 20%

25

Any runway will be considered to be contaminated when the contaminant is covering more than ____ of the runway surface. 25% 10% 50%

25%

What is the max trust reduction allowed in takeoff

25%

what is the deviation from centerline for Vmcg

30ft

Takeoff run will end halfway between the point where the aircraft leaves the ground and the point it reaches ___. 50 ft 15 ft 35 ft

35

Takeoff is divided into how many segments? 4 3 2

4

Engines must be rated to maintain maximum takeoff and to around thrust for ___ minutes. 8 2 5

5

What are the lateral limits when an aircraft turns more than 15⁰ after takeoff? 6000ft 4000ft 5000ft

6000ft

What is ASDA

Accelerate Stop Distance Available TORA + stopway

____ is used to find the maximum temperature that the aircraft could take off on the available runway at its actual weight. Assumed Temperature Method Contingent Temperature Method Standard Temperature Method

Assumed Temperature Method

When should an aborted takeoff decision be made when reaching V1? 5 seconds after 10 seconds after Before

Before

When takeoff performance is _____, we can always execute and Improved Climb and carry extra weight. Obstacle limited Climb limited Runway limited

Climb limited

What the name for the altitude at which you change from IAS to MACH? Clearance Altitude MACH Altitude Crossover Altitude

Crossover Altitude

Which reduced takeoff method has no operational restrictions? Derate Autopilot ATM

Derate

Which contaniminant can have the highest amount on a runway and still be considered safe for takeoff as per the manufacturer as compared to others? Wet Ice Water Dry Snow

Dry Snow

When is the greatest risk of tire failure? During heavy weight rollouts onto the runway During heavy weight takeoffs During heavy weight landings

During heavy weight takeoffs

________ is a speed at which the airplane will continue to climb after the flaps have been retracted. Final Takeoff Speed Rotation Speed Best Glide Speed

Final Takeoff Speed

Initiating Derated thrust for takeoff comes from? Flight Computer FADEC EEC

Flight Computer

Who controls the change from IAS to MACH? Dispatch Flight Computer Pilot

Flight Computer

As an engine ages, the Exhaust Gas Temperature it produces gets_____. Varies with make and model of engine Lower Higher

Higher

Which method results in less fuel burn to reach the same point in cruise? Higher IAS at takeoff to cruise Constantly changing IAS between takeoff and cruise Lower IAS at takeoff to cruise

Higher IAS at takeoff to cruise

What is the benefit of using the ATM or Derate method? Increases the life of the engine Saves fuel More comfortable for passengers

Increases the life of the engine

As a plane gains speed, aerodynamic drag _____ and thrust _____. Stays the same/decreases Increases/decreases Decreases/increases

Increases/decreases

Which is an advantage in performing an Improved Climb takeoff? It allows you to fly with a lower weight It allows for a shorter takeoff runway distance It allows a higher assumed temperature

It allows a higher assumed temperature

What is LDA

Landing Distance Available: Length of runway which is declared available and suitable for the ground run of an airplane landing

If the temperature is higher, what will be the required takeoff distance? Shorter Depends on elevation only Longer

Longer

For takeoff, the smallest weight calculated will determine the _____. Minimum Allowable Takeoff Weight Maximum Allowable Takeoff Weight Maximum Assured Takeoff Weight

Maximum Allowable Takeoff Weight

What is Vmcg

Minimum control speed on the ground using only aerodynamic control surfaces

With an inoperative engine and a higher V1 value you will need how much runway to clear obstacles as compared with a normal takeoff? Less More Varies

More

Does wind effect OAA calculations? Sometimes Yes No

NO

What do we call the runway condition when there is no braking capacity due to contamination? Unusable Nil Negative

Nil

Do published runway slopes account for different slopes on different parts of the runway? Sometimes No Yes

No

For temperatures below Flat Rate Temperature, V1 and VMCA will Decrease Increase Not change

Not change

Specifications require that tires must be able to withstand exceedance of design speed limits how many times? One time Ten times Five times

One time

On a 4 engine aircraft, the critical engine is the _____. Any Engine Inboard Engine Outboard Engine

Outboard Engine

In colder temperatures engine thrust will have to be _____ in order to perform to the required specifications for takeoff. Continuously adjusted Reduced Increased

Reduced

_______ is determined based on the smallest of the following four variables; field, obstacle, tire speed, and brake energy limits. Performance Limited Takeoff Weight Return To Land requirement Runway Limited Takeoff Weight

Runway Limited Takeoff Weight

Which segment of departure is most often responsible for establishing the climb limited takeoff weight? First Third Second

Second

Why can larger jet aircraft use less runway in accelerate stop scenarios than a twin engine GA aircraft? Split Rudder Flaps Speedbrakes

Speedbrakes

What document does the FAA use to establish departure procedures? Chart Supplement TERPS PHAK

TERPS

Which accounts for the whole running distance of an aircraft and 50% of the air distance on a takeoff? TORA ASD TOR

TORA

______ is defined as a scenario where pressure and thrust are allowed to be taken a little above the value that was originally calculated to takeoff on short runways and/or taller obstacles. Thrust Pressure Bump Takeoff Pressure Increase Takeoff Pressure Bump

Takeoff Pressure Bump

What is TORA

Takeoff run available is the runway length declared available and suitable for the ground run of an airplane taking off.

Who is responsible to establish requirements for a SID with an engine inoperative? FAA The airline Local ATC

The airline

What is TODA

The length of the takeoff run plus the length of the clearway, if provided.

In a turn, FAA regulations state that aircraft must clear an obstacle by 35ft from____. The bottom of the engine Main landing gear The lowest point on the aircraft

The lowest point on the aircraft

Using a climb derate, has what effect on fuel? Uses more Depends on weather conditions Uses less

Uses more

Which speed depends on runway condition? Vr V2 V1

V1

The Improved Climb technique involves an increase in which speed? V1 VR V2

V2

What speed can never be higher than tire speed? V2 Vy VLOF

VLOF

Which speed would we use to clear an obstacle, cloud, or altitude constraint from a SID? VA VX VY

VX

__ is the speed at which the aircraft has the largest amount of excess thrust. V2 VX VY

VX

Any speed other than ____ whether higher or lower, will result in a longer time to reach designated altitude. V1 VX VY

VY

____ is the speed at which the aircraft has the largest amount of excess power. VY V2 VX

VY

____ will always be greater than ____. VY / VX VX / VY VR / VY

VY / VX

What is a risk of using reverse thrust on a contaminated runway? Floating too long on landing Veering off Hard landing

Veering off

What is a disadvantage of having an aircraft with a higher maximum certified takeoff weight? More expensive to maintain You are charged more in landing fees regardless of weight at landing Requires additional documentation

You are charged more in landing fees regardless of weight at landing

for a given indicated airspeed TAS increases as what increases

altitude

High VMC means what

bad

having your weight limited by brake energy creates what

break energy limited takeoff weight

a contaminate is what

covers more than 25% of the runway and the thickness is equal or greater than 1/8 inch

as temp increases thrust does what

decreases

Climb derate dose not do what but does what

does not save fuel but saves maintenance costs

Low VMC means what

good

for a given mach number TAS decreases as altitude does what

increases

Takeoff distance is measured with respect to the aircraft's lowest point which is usually the ______. Nose gear Main gear Tail cone

main gear

What is V1

max speed at which pilot must have taken the action to stop aircraft within the available runway.

What is Vmca

minimum control speed in the air slowest speed to maintain directional control

ATM cannot be used when

on contaminated runway or with anti skid inoperative

What is V2

speed reached at 35 feet above the runway considering the critical engine failed at Vef

what do spoilers do

spoil lift and increase drag which increase break effectivness

What is crossover altitude

the altitude that airspeed is measured in TAS to MACH

What is Climb Limited Takeoff Weight is equal to what

the max weight at which the airplane can accomplish all four of the segments.

What is obstacle limited takeoff weight

the max weight at which the airplane can fulfill GFP with its critical engine inop