ASE Steering and Suspension Exam

The correct answer is A. The stabilizer bar, also known as the sway bar, is used to control body roll. The ball jointgs, body mounts and shock absorbers effect ride and handling but have no effect on the body roll.

A customer complains of excess body roll. Which of the following components is used to control body roll? A. Stabilizer Bar B. Ball Joints C. Shock Absorbers D. Body Mounts

The correct answer is C. When the steering gear failed, it most likely contaminated the whole system. The system should be flushed, and then air bled. Toe may need adjusting due to the new gearbox, but a pressure test will only be necessary if there are any more problems.

A technician has just installed a replacement for a failed power steering gear. Which of the following should he do next? A. Bleed the system B. Pressure test the system C. Flush the system D. Check wheel alignment

The correct answer is B. Ball joints can be pressed, threaded or riveted onto the control arms. Riveted joints are usually replaced with bolt on replacements after the rivets are removed.

All of the following are methods used by manufacturer to attach ball joints to control arms EXCEPT: A. Rivet=ed on B Welded on C. Threaded on D. Pressed on

The correct answer is A. If a vehicle is driven normally loaded, the frame angle should be considered when measuring and adjusting caster. In the case of a positive frame angle, the amount of frame angle should be subtracted from the caster specification. If the vehicle is not normally loaded while being driven, it is not necessary to consider frame angle when measuring and adjusting caster.

A 1-ton pick-up truck is in for an alignment. The pick-up truck usually carries some pipes and ladders on a rack attachment on the pick-up's bed. These items need to be removed in order to raise the truck on the alignment rack. After removing the items, the alignment technician realizes that the frame angle has increase by 1.5 degrees. The caster specification for the vehicle is 3.0 degrees. Technician A says that the caster should be adjusted to 1.5 degrees in order to provide the best handling when the vehicle is loaded, Technician B says that the caster should be adjusted to 4.5 degrees in order to provide the best handling when the vehicle is loaded. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is D. Excessive negative caster, insufficient front toe, front or rear bump steer could cause a vehicle to wander on a bumpy road.

A customer complains that a vehicle wanders on a bumpy road and needs continual driver correction to stay straight. What could be wrong? A. Excessive negative front caster B. Insufficient front toe C. Rear of front bump steer D. All of the above

The correct answer is B. On -axle spin balancing is usually not performed on front wheel drive vehicles because it is less accurate and more difficult. The chief problem is supporting the raised wheel in such a way that the halfshaft is perfectly straight coming from the transaxle. The operations of some constant velocity (CV) joints may change the balance as the axle rotates and cause balance readings to be inaccurate.

A customer is purchasing new front tires for her front-wheel-drive vehicle. Technician A says the best way to balance the tire is to mount them on the vehicle and use an on-axle spin balancer. Technician B says the best way to balance the tire is to balance them on a spin balancing machine prior to installation. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is C. Too much runout or static out-of-balance in the front wheels will cause a vibration.

A driver says that the front end of his car vibrates up and down while traveling at most road speeds. Technician A says that too much runout of the front wheels could be the cause. Technician B says that static out-of-balance of the front wheels could be the cause. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is B. Advancements in metallurgy have allowed leaf springs to be manufactured with almost no arching, which allows for lower profiles and lighter weight without sacrificing load capacity.

A medium-duty light truck is on the alignment rack. Technician A points out that there is no arch at all in the rear leaf springs and says this indicates that the springs are either worn out or broken. Technician B says that this is a normal on newer trucks and is not a cause for concern. Who is correct? A Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is A. A bad steering gear would cause the readings to be low when the steering is at the right and left stops. But the readings would be normal with the tester shutoff valve closed.

A pressure test is being performed on a car with power steering. The pressure readings taken when the wheels are at the right and left stops are below specs. The tester readings are normal when the tester shutoff valve is closed. Technician A says that these readings could be caused by a bad steering gear. Technician B says that a bad pump could cause these readings. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is B. Never use clip-on weights with cast alloy wheels because the clips can scratch the aluminum. Also, there will eventually be electrolytic damage between the steel of the clip and the aluminum of the wheel, particularly in areas where salt is used on the roads in the winter. Not only will the weight fall off, but the wheel may be corroded and damaged as well.

A tire on an alloy wheel is being balanced. Technician A says that clip-on weights should be used. Technician B says that tape on weights should be used. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is C. Play in the inner tie-rod will not allow a correct alignment to be performed. The tie-rod must be replaced prior to performing an alignment.

A vehicle equipped with a Macpherson strut-type suspension is in the shop for new tires and an alignment. The tire installer noticed that the vehicle has some play in the left-side inner tie-rod-end and informs the alignment technician. the alignment technician should tell the customer....? A. It is not a problem that will affect alignment B. He'll align the front end, but they should replace the inner tie-rod-end soon. C. The inner tie-rod-end needs to be replaced before an alignment can be performed. D. He can set the vehicles alignment so that the play in the inner tie-rod will be compensated for.

The correct answer is C. Inner tie-rods should be inspected while in their normal running position. This allows the tie-rod assemblies to be level and prevents binding that may occur when the suspension is allowed to hang free. Any play felt between the tie-rod stud and the socket while the tire is moved in and out indicates that the assembly is worn and requires replacement.

A vehicle equipped with manual rack-and-pinion steering is having the front end inspected. Technician A says that the inner tie-rods ends should be inspected while in their normal running position. Technician B says that if movement is felt between the tie-rod-strut and the socket while the tire is moving in and out, the inner tie-rod should be replaced. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is C. Worn dust covers on ball studs can allow contamination and rusting of ball studs in their sockets. However, some vehicles have an intermediate shaft connecting the steering column with the gear. the U-joints on this shaft are not serviceable and are subject to rust and binding.

A vehicle equipped with power steering exhibits excessive steering effort. All hydraulic system specifications are correct and the alignment is within specifications. Technician A says that the condition may be caused by corrosion in the steering linkage ball studs. Technician B says that the intermediate shaft U-joints could be binding. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is C. A loose power steering pump belt and air could both cause power steering pump noise.

A vehicle has a noise coming from the power steering pump. Technician A says that a loose belt could be the cause. Technician B says that air in the system could be the cause. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is B. Excessive positive caster will increase steering effort, cause the steering wheel to return too rapidly, cause wander at high speed and shimmy at low speed.

A vehicle has front wheel shimmy at low speed and requires increased steering effort. Technician A says that too much positive camber could be the cause. Technician B says that too much positive caster could be the cause. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is B. A vehicle should be resting on its wheels at it normal ride height when the sway bar link bushing fasteners are tightened in order to get the longest life out of the new bushings.

A vehicle just had new sway bar links and bushings installed. Technician A says that the wheels need to be straight-ahead with the front end supported before tightening the link fasteners. Technician B says the vehicle should be resting level on its wheels at its normal ride height before the link's fasteners are tightened. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is A. When checking the radial and axial tolerances, an inspection of the ball joints should be performed. However, the idler arm would not affect radial or axial tolerances.

A vehicle suspension system is being checked for radial and axial tolerances. Technician A says the ball joints should be checked. technician B says that the idler arm should be checked. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is C. Steering play or looseness may occur if the rack-to-frame mounting bushings are worn, or if the inner or outer tie-rod-ends are loose. Both of these conditions can result in a shimmy.

A vehicle with a manual rack-and-pinion steering has a shimmy. Technician A says that worn rack-to-frame mounting bushings could be the cause. Technician B says that loose inner or outer tie-rod ends (sockets) could be the cause. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is C. An oil leak past the worm sealing ring or a broken ring on the worm piston could cause the power steering to only have assist in one direction.

A vehicle with power steering has assist in only one direction. Technician A says that oil leaking past a worm shaft seal ring could be the cause. Technician B says that a broken ring on the worm piston could be the cause. Who is correct? .A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is C. A faulty control valve will reduce the fluid pressure and cause an increase in steering effort. A loose power steering pump drive belt will create a similar condition.

A vehicle with power steering has no assist in either direction. Technician A says that a loose power steering belt could be the cause. Technician B says that a faulty flow control valve could be the cause. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is B. A hissing noise, most often heard when the wheels are turned and the vehicle is not moving, is cause by normal relief valve operation and in not an indicator of power steering system problem.

A vehicle with power steering is parked with the engine running. A hissing noise is heard when the steering wheel is turned back and forth. Technician A says that the power steering pump could be bad. Technician B says that this sound is part of normal operation. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is C. Either one could be the cause for the above normal pressure.

AT the beginning of a power steering system pressure test, with the shutoff valve open, the pressure reading is above specification with the fluid at normal operating temperature and the front wheels in the straight-ahead position. Technician A says that there could be a restriction in the power steering pressure hose. Technician B says that the poppet valve in the steering gear could be the cause. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is D. While it is true that SAI and toe-out on turns cannot be adjusted, they indicate that some component is bent and must be replaced. Incorrect SAI will cause changes in camber while turning and incorrect toe-out will abrade tire rubber.

All Alignment measurements on a vehicle are within specification, except for SAI and toe-out on turns. Technician A says that these alignment angles are not adjustable, so there is nothing more to do. Technician B says neither of these angles can cause tire wear. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is C. Torsion bars are not normally interchangeable from side to side. This is because the direction of the twisting or torsion is not the same on the left and right sides.

All of the following are true or torsion bars EXCEPT: A. They can be mounted longitudinally or transversely B. They serve the same function as coil springs C. They are interchangeable from side to side D. They can be used to adjust ride height

The correct answer is D. Misadjusted torsion bars, sacked coil springs and broken leaf spring shackles would all cause a vehicle's ride height to be too low. Worn shock absorbers would not affect vehicle ride height.

All of the following can cause incorrect vehicle ride height EXCEPT: A. A broken leaf spring shackle B. A fatigued coil spring C. Incorrectly adjusted torsion bars D. Worn shock absorbers

The correct answer is D. Many vehicles use sub frames to mount the drive train and/or suspension and steering. If the sub frame is misaligned due to incorrect installation after service or due to collision damage, it can cause binding in the shift and steering linkage. The alignment could also be incorrect which could cause tire wear. Ride quality would most likely be unaffected.

All of the following could be caused by a misaligned sub-frame EXCEPT: A. Difficulty shifting the transmission B. Hard Steering C. Tire wear D. Poor ride quality

The correct answer is D. A torn bellows boot would let dirt and grit get to the tie-rod end socket and could cause it fail. Looseness in the socket or failing an articulation effort test would require replacement. Incorrect rack bearing preload would not affect the inner tie-rod end.

All of the following could warrant replacement of a rack-and-pinion inner tie-rod end EXCEPT: A. Torn bellows boot B. Failed articulation test C. Socket looseness D. Incorrect rack bearing preload

The correct answer is B. Although most idler arms are replaced as a unit, on some the bushings can be serviced. Ball joints, tie-rod ends and pitman arms are always replaced.

All of the following suspension components are always replaced as a unit EXCEPT: A. Tie-rod end B. Idler Arm C. Pitman Arm D. Ball joint

The correct answer is B. Overinflation will cause excessive wear in the center of the tread.

All of the following will cause a tire to wear at the edge EXCEPT: A incorrect camber B. Over-inflation C. Aggressive corning D. Under inflation

The correct answer is D. A power steering pump can be a roller, slipper or vane type.

All of these are types of power steering pumps, EXCEPT: A. Vane B. Roller C. Slipper D. Crescent

The correct answer is A. Caster that is out of specification will affect steering and handling characteristics, but will not cause tire wear. Whereas, too much toe-in or out would severely wear the tires. Additionally, excessive camber would cause inside or outside shoulder wear on the tire, depending on whether the camber was too negative or positive.

All of these could cause tire wear if not within manufacturer's specs EXCEPT: A. Caster B. Wheel Balance c. Toe-in D. Camber

The correct answer is C. Excessive steering wheel play may result from a worn idler arm and/or a maladjusted mesh preload.

Excessive steering wheel play is felt in the steering wheel on a manual steering system. Technician A says that a worn idler arm could be the cause. Technician B says that a maladjusted mesh preload may be the cause. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is B. Readjusting camber will have an affect on the individual toe for the left wheel as well as the total toe. SAI is not adjustable and generally, caster is not adjustable either on a strut suspension.

If you readjust camber on the left front strut, which, if any, of these specifications might change? A. Right caster B Left toe and total toe C. Right SAI D. None of the above

The correct answer is C. Many steering systems with this type linkage geometry do not have fully adjustable toe links, but the vehicle have steering wheel and column splines that allow multiple orientations of the steering wheel to the column.

On a 4-wheel-drive vehicle with drag link steering, after the alignment is complete and correct, the steering wheel is turned to the left when the car is driving straight ahead. Technician A suggests removing the steering wheel and replacing it in an orientation closer to straight-ahead. Technician B suggests advising the driver that the linkage does not include enough adjustment to center the steering wheel. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is C. both technicians are correct in this suspension design, the shocks are under tension from the coil spring when the vehicle is raised and the suspension is at full rebound. therefore, the axle must be supported before the shocks are removed. Before installing the new shocks, they must be purged of air. With the shock absorber right side up, extend it fully, then turn it upside down and fully compress it. Repeat the procedure three more times to make sure any trapped air has been expelled.

Shock absorbers are being installed in the rear of a rear-wheel-drive solid axle vehicle with coil springs. Technician A says the axle must be supported before the shocks are removed. Technician B says that the air must be purged from the shocks prior to installation. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B d. Neither A or B

The correct answer is D. Caster is the lift of the top of the steering axis toward the front (negative) or rear (positive) of the vehicle as viewed from the side. Camber is the tilt of the top of the tire towards the inside (negative) or outside (positive) of the vehicle as viewed from the front.

Technician A says negative caster is the tilt of the tire towards the front of the vehicle. Technician B says negative camber is the tilt of the tire toward the rear of the vehicle. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is D, neither technician is correct. Pulley alignment should be checked as the pulley is installed; many pulleys are not installed until they bottom on a shoulder but rather just until they align. Many power steering pumps cannot be removed from the vehicle until the pulley is removed.

Technician A says that a power steering pump pulley should be pressed onto the pump shaft until it stops, to ensure proper pulley alignment. Technician B says that pulley replacement requires that the power steering pump be removed from the vehicle. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is B. The coil spring up on a Short/Long Arm (SLA) suspension vehicle should be compressed with a suitable spring compressor before the ball joint is disconnected, so it can safety be removed. Technician A is wrong because on vehicles with modified struts, the coil spring is located between the lower control arm and frame, as on an SLA suspension vehicle, and the strut need not be removed to replace the coil spring.

Technician A says that all vehicles with strut-type front suspension require that the strut be removed to replace the front coil springs. Technician B says that the coil spring should be compressed before removal from an SLA-type front suspension. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is D. A bubble balancer is used to static balance a tire, while a spin balancer is used to dynamic balance a tire.

Technician A says that dynamic wheel balancing can be accomplished with a bubble balancer. Technician B says that static wheel balancing requires a spin balancer. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is A. A bent control arm would cause the angle of pivot points to change and subsequently change the steering axis inclination angle. Technician B is incorrect because shimming a spindle is not a recommended procedure and it would affect the included angle, not the steering axis inclination angle.

Technician A says that if steering axis inclination is out of specification, a bent control-arm may be the cause. Technician B says that if steering axis inclination is out of specification, the spindle can be shimmed to correct the problem. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is A. When seating tires on rims, never exceed the maximum pressure specification set by the tire manufacturer for the tire.

Technician A says that lubricant can be used to help seal a tire on a wheel rim. Technician B says that if necessary, it is okay to exceed the maximum tire pressure rating to seat the bead, as long as pressure is reduced immediately afterward. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is C, both technicians are correct. Ordinarily, if you find setback on a vehicle, it means there has been frame or unibody damage that has shifted the mounting points of the suspension components. However, on a few vehicles, such as light trucks with Twin I-Beam front suspension, the front wheel is slightly farther back on one side by design.

Technician A says that setback is cause by collision damage. Technician B says that setback can be designed into a vehicle. Who is right? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is C. Both bearing preload and sector lash adjustments are necessary after an overhaul. Correct sector lash prevents gear binding and excessive steering wheel free-play. Correct preload prevents worm endplay and loose steering feel.

Technician A says that the bearing preload must be set when overhauling a manual steering gear. Technician B says that the sector lash must be set when overhauling a manual steering gear. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is C. Caster will have an effect on steering and handling, but will not cause tire wear. However, is a suspension system has too much toe-in or toe-out, tire wear will result.

Technician A says that the caster is not a tire-wearing angle. Technician B says that toe-in or toe-out will cause tire wear. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is B. Ride height is only adjustable on some models, such as those equipped with torsion bars. On most models, parts replacement is the only way to correct ride height.

Technician A says that the ride height of a vehicle is always adjustable. Technician B says that the ride height of a vehicle can only be adjusted on certain models. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is C. both technicians are correct. Both measurements are commonly used. Consult the vehicle service manual for specifications and measuring locations.

Technician A says that vehicle ride height is measured between the ground and the rocker panel. technician B says that ride height is measured between suspension components. Who is right? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is A. If the vehicle is equipped with a limited slip differential, raise the opposite wheel to be safe. Otherwise, the vehicle could either damage the differential or drive itself over the wheel chocks and cause an accident. Technician B is wrong because when wheels have been spin-balanced on the axle, they must be rebalanced whenever the tires are rotated.

Technician A says that, when on-vehicle balancing a drive axle tire, the opposite wheel must also be supported off the ground if the vehicle is equipped with a limited-slip differential. Technician B says that rotating on-vehicle balanced tires presents no special problems. Who is correct? A. Technician A B Technician B C Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is B. Since the right side has too much negative camber, this will cause the tire to tilt inwards at the top and cause the right tire to wear the inside shoulder of the tire more quickly. It is also likely that the left tire would wear on the outside shoulder due to too much positive camber.

The above alignment settings would result in which of the following conditions? A. Left tire wear on the inside. vehicle does not pull to either side. B. Right tire wear on the inside, vehicle pulls to the left C. Right tire wear on the outside, vehicle pulls to the left. D. Right tire wear on the outside. left tire wear on the inside and vehicle pulls to the left.

The correct answer is B. The wheel alignment should be checked after the ball joint (or any suspension part) is replaced. It is not necessary to install a coil spring compressor prior to separating the control arm and the spindle because the Macpherson strut assembly contains the spring. However, a spring compressor should be used if the strut is being disassembled.

The ball joints on the MacPherson strut-type suspension shown above are being replaced. Technician A says that a coil spring compressor should be installed before separating the control arm and the spindle. Technician B says that the wheel alignment should be checked after the ball joints have been replaced. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is B. If the thrust line is to the left and the steering wheel is held straight, the vehicle will veer to the right This happens because the rear wheels will travel towards the left, which will force the front of the vehicle to the right.

The rear thrust line reads to the left (driver's) side while the vehicle is at normal ride height. If the wheels were pointing straight ahead, which direction would the vehicle tend to wander? A. Veer to the left B. Veer to the right C. Wander to both left and right D. No change occurs

the correct answer is B. In order to unload the ball joints, the vehicle should be raised at point Y so that the spring is compressed. Raising the vehicle at point X will still allow the ball joint to be loaded and the inspection results will be inaccurate.

The suspension shown above is being checked for ball joint wear. Technician A says that the inspection can be made with the front end supported at point X. Technician B says that the inspection can be performed with the front end supported at point Y. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is D. Tire cupping or scalloping can result from worn shock absorbers, improperly balanced wheels/tires or loose/defective tie-rod ends.

Tire cupping is most likely caused by ...? A. Worn shock absorbers B. Wheel imbalance C. Loose tie-rod ends D. All of the above

The correct answer is C. A vehicle will tend to steer or drift to the side with the least amount of caster. Caster will not cause tire wear, but excessive camber will cause wear to the inside or outside shoulders of a tire.

Too much caster on the left front wheel will cause the ....? A Vehicle to drift to the left B. Left tire to wear on the outside edge C. Vehicle to drift to the right D. Left tire to wear on the inside edge

The correct answer is B. A binding upper bearing or incorrectly installed TBS tie-rod-end would pull the steering to a specific point and stop regardless whether the engine was running or not. Since the engine needs to be running to have this condition occur, the power steering valve is causing the problem.

When a car is raised on a lift with the wheels pointed straight ahead and when the engine is started, the wheels slowly turn to the right. Technician A says that a binding upper bearing on a MacPherson strut or an improperly installed RBS tie-rod end could cause this condidon. Technician B says that power steering valve is out of adjustment. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is D. Either a bent Pitman arm or a tie-rod could cause the specification for toe-out on turns to be out of specification. Vehicles with non-symmetrical steering systems will have a difference from side-to-side, but the difference will not exceed manufacturer's specifications and it rarely has greater than 1.5 degrees difference from side-to-side.

When checking a tire, a technician finds it to have too much axial (up and down) runout. Technician A says to rotate the tire and wheel assembly on the mounting studs to correct the problem. Technician B says to rotate the tire and wheel assembly to attempt to bring the runout within specifications. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is B. Wile some McPherson strut assemblies do not allow camber or caster adjustments, many vehicles do have eccentrics or slotted mounting holes to provide adjustment. An abnormal change in camber normally indicates a bent strut,

When the suspension is worked up and down on a vehicle equipped with MacPherson strut-type suspension, the camber specification changes more on one side than the other. Technician A says that camber can't be adjusted on a MacPherson strut.. technician B says that the strut on the side that camber changes the most may be bent. Who is correct? A. Technician A B. Technician B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

The correct answer is D. If the ballstud has broken, it is possible that the tapered hole in the steering knuckle has become distorted. You can check this by trying the new ball joint stud in the hole; if there is any free-play or if the new tapered stud can rock in the hole, the hole is rounded out. If this has occurred, the steering knuckle must be replaced.

Which of the following causes for ball joint replacement would also require steering knuckle replacement? A. Torn dust cover B. Worn ball and socket C. Wear indicator below surface D. Broken ballstud

The correct answer is A. Ride height must be measured and corrected before an alignment is performed. When performing a four-wheel alignment, the rear must be adjusted first beginning with the camber adjustment.

Which of the following four-wheel alignment inspection and measurement sequences is correct? A. Ride height, rear camber, rear toe, front caster B. Ride height, front caster, front camber, front toe C. Rear toe, rear camber, front caster, front camber D. Ride height, rear toe, rear camber, front caster

The correct answer is D. Most ball bearings are factory-lubricated and sealed for life.

Which of the following is most likely to be lubricated and sealed by the manufacturer? A. Needle bearings B. Tapered roller bearings C. Plain bearings D. Ball bearings

The correct answer is B. Rotating the tire on the wheel will compensate for wheel/tire differential (e.g. positioning the highest spot on the tire at the lowest spot on the wheel). Whereas, rotating the wheel assembly on the mounting studs will have no effect on runout.

While aligning a front end, a technician finds the toe-out on turns (turning radius) to be greater than manufacturer's spec and it has 2.0 degrees difference from the left side to the right side. Which, if any, of the following could be the cause? A. Nothing is wrong; the vehicle has a non-symmetrical steering design. B. Bent pitman arm C. Bent tie-rod D. Both B and C