Ashley anatomy

All of the following muscles are rotators of the arm. Which is a lateral rotator of the arm? a) pectoralis major b) latissimus dorsi c) teres major d) deltoid e) coracobrachialis

D

The figure illustrates the joints and bones of the rib cage. What does "B" represent?

costochondral joint

normal pH for blood is 7.35-7.45. maintenance of the pH in this range is

critical because enzymes work best within narrow ranges of pH

what does "C" represent on the diagram?

cross bridge

the process of meiosis will ___ as the gametes are produced

cut the chromosome number by 1/2

the outer surface of the hair is called the

cuticle

when ionic compounds dissolve in water, their ions

dissociate or separate from one another

solubility refers to the ability of one substance to ___ in another

dissolve

what genetic disorder is caused by having three chromosomes 21?

down syndrome

which of the following chromosome anomalies can be found in either sex? a) turner syndrome (XO) b) klinefelter's syndrome (XXY) c) down syndrome (trisomy 21) d) barker's syndrome e) all of the above

down syndrome

the diagram illustrates glands of the skin. what does "D" represent?

duct of eccrine sweat gland

the opposite of depression is

elevation

fatty acid A has 10 double covalent bonds scattered throughout its carbon chain while fatty acid B has only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms in its chain

fatty acid B is saturated

The figure illustrates bones of the right lower limb. What does "A" represent?

femur

a major limitation of radiographs is that they

give only a flat 2D image of the body

the diagram illustrates glands of the skin. what does "E" represent?

hair follicle

the autonomic nervous system

has 2 sets of neurons in a series

DNA replication results in 2 new DNA molecules. Each of these new molecules

has one strand of nucleotides from the parent DNA and one newly synthesized strand of nucleotides

the term "shin splints" is associated with

injuries resulting from excessive stress on the tibialis anterior

lipids can

insulate and help prevent heat loss

what structure does "D" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?

integral protein

what structure does "E" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?

internal membrane surface

the diagram shows abdominal muscles. what is "E"?

internal oblique

delicate unpigmented hairs that cover the fetus in early development are called

lanugo hairs

the extracellular material of a tissue is called the

matrix

an organism's ability to use energy in order to swim is an example of

metabolism

cells of the small intestine and kidney tubules have extensions that increase their surface area called

microvilli

the connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the

perichondrium

This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What structures does "D" represent?

peritoneal cavity

a protein that is converted to an active enzyme is a

proenzyme

a DNA nucleotide sequence that signals the beginning of a gene is called a

promoter

which of the following molecules is not made from cholesterol?

prostaglandins

the structural RNA of ribosomes is

rRNA

the levator palpebrae superioris muscle does what?

raises the eyelid

the opposite pf protraction is

retraction

the sodium chloride molecule breaks apart in water. what does "B" represent?

sodium ion

The figure illustrates the joints and bones of the rib cage. What does "C" represent?

sternocostal synchondrosis

the figure illustrates keratinization in the epidermis. what layer of the epidermis is "B"?

stratum lucidum

squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common type of skin cancer that affects the ___ layer of the skin

stratum spinosum

the figure illustrates keratinization in the epidermis. what layer of the epidermis is "D"?

stratum spinosum

the study of external form of the body and its relationship to deeper structures is

surface anatomy

the diagram illustrates glands of the skin. what does "A" represent?

sweat pore

osteoarthritis is

the most common type of arthritis

an aggregation of cells and extracellular materials which perform a discrete function is known as a

tissue

in the reversible reaction CO2 + H2O --> H2CO3 --> H + HCO3, a decrease in respiration rate will increase the concentration of CO2 in the blood. what will this do to the amount of H in the blood?

H will increase

The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "E" represent?

PCL

the delivery of a radioactive compound to the body to study the metabolism of tissues is called

PET

a tissue is

a group of cells with similar structure and function

an organ system is

a group of organs with a common set of functions

what organic group does lactose belong to?

carbohydrate

identify the material that would NOT be considered an important inorganic substance in our bodies

carbon

which type of muscle tissue causes contraction of the heart?

cardiac

which type of muscle tissue is autorhythmic?

cardiac and smooth

glands whose ducts have more than one branch are called

compound

sodium chloride is considered a(n)

compound

what are the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?

corneum lucidum granulosum spinosum basale

what does "D" represent?

corcobrachialis

another anatomical term for fingers is

digits

what is the site of long bone growth?

epiphyseal plate

oxidation is the ___ of electrons

loss

a thick, sticky secretion produced by goblet cells is called

mucus

what type of tissue is contractile?

muscular

what does "B" represent on the diagram?

myosin myofilament

the nail root and the nail body attach to the

nail bed

umbilical region

naval

what structure does "C" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?

??????????????

IMF are weak electrostatic attractions that exist between a) 2 molecules b) a proton and an electron c) two protons

A

the lower limit of resolution of a light microscope is

0.1 um

solution A increases its acidity. this means that ___

# of hydrogen ions has increased

for every cell in your body, there are ___ microbial cells

10

there are ___ pairs of cranial nerves and ___ pairs of spinal nerves

12, 31

which of the following is a synthesis reaction? a) 2 AA are bonded together to form a dipeptide b) sucrose is chemically separated to form one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose c) sodium chloride is dissolved in water d) several dipeptide chains are formed from digestion of long polypeptide chains e) ATP is converted to ADP

2 AA are bonded together to form a dipeptide

in humans somatic cells have ___ chromosomes while reproductive cells have ___ chromosomes

46, 23

a non-albino female who is a carrier to the albino allele (Aa) mates with an albino male (aa). what is the probability that their children will be albino?

50%

Randy is participating in a strong man competition and is required to pull a yacht as far as he can. Which type of chemical process will his skeletal muscles rely on during this competition? a) anaerobic respiration b) aerobic respiration c) both

A

compounds classified as ______ alter synaptic transmission by changing neurotransmitter receptor numbers or affecting the breakdown and/or removal of neurotransmitter. a) neuromodulators b) inhibitory neurotransmitters c) excitatory neurotransmitters d) neurohormones

A

describe the movement of melanin in the skin a) melanin is transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes b) melanocytes carry melanin with them as they migrate towards the skin surface c) melanin is transferred from keratinocytes to melanocytes d) melanin is transferred from melanocytes to Merkel cells

A

eccrine sweat glands a) aid in cooling the body b) serve as "anchors" for the arrector pili muscles c) produce a secretion that oils the hair and skin d) produce a secretion that protects the body from growth of bacteria e) are not involved in the homeostasis of body temperature

A

of the following muscles of the forearm, which one rotates the forearm to turn the palm upwards? a) supinator b) triceps brachii c) brachialis d) pronator quadratus e) brachioradialis

A

of the following muscles of the thigh, which one is NOT part of the quadriceps? a) biceps femoris b) rectus femoris c) vastus lateralis d) vastus medialis e) vastus intermedius

A

which of the following is a proton donor? a) an acid b) a base c) a salt d) glucose e) a neutral substance

A

which of the following is a synovial joint? a) atlanto-occipital b) epiphyseal plate c) costosternal joint d) tibiofibular joint e) intervertebral disk

A

which of the following is not a type of burn? a) primary burn b) partial thickness burn c) 2nd degree burn d) 3rd degree burn e) full thickness burn

A

which of the following pairs is mismatched? a) endoderm - bone b) mesoderm - muscle c) ectoderm - skin d) neuroectoderm - nervous system e) neural crest cells - peripheral nervous system, skin pigment, tissues of the face

A

which of the following statements concerning fast-twitch muscle fibers is true? a) They split ATP rapidly. b) They have large deposits of myoglobin. c) They are well adapted to aerobic metabolism. d) They have a well-developed blood supply. e) They have many mitochondria.

A

with regard to the validity of biochemical research in physiological studies, which statement is correct? a) although the general homeostatic mechanisms may be the same in some animal species, the individual variables are often very different b) although the individual variables may be the same in some animal species, the general homeostatic mechanisms are often very different

A

general structure of a synovial joint

A - bursa B - articular cartilage C - tendon D - synovial membrane E - fibrous capsule

a cation is

A positively charged ion

The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "A" represent?

ACL

what is the only neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?

ACh

which of the following reactions best represents the decomposition of ATP?

ATP + H2O --- ADP + Pi + energy

A recent study demonstrated that there are three unique strains of Propionibacterium acnes; two strains are more prevalent in people with acne; however, one of which appears not to be pathogenic to humans and is more prevalent in people with 'clear' skin. Additionally, the strain of P. acnes found in healthy skin kills the of invading bacteria, including the pathogenic P. acnes. Which of the following statements about the targeted removal of 'bad' P. acnes and addition of 'good' P. acnes is INCORRECT? a. After "bad" P. acnes is removed, the applications of "good" P. acnes should be able to grow and kill invasive bacteria. b. Once removed, the invading pathogenic P. acnes can not regrow on the skin.

B

Which of the following activities is a function of the plasma membrane? a) digestion of unneeded cell organelles b) recognition of bacterial cells by the immune system c) transport of products from the nucleus to the endoplasmic reticulum d) cell metabolism e) detoxification

B

a lack of mitochondria within skeletal muscle would impair which ATP yielding chemical process? a) anaerobic respiration b) aerobic respiration c) both

B

an infant born with a genetic defect that causes little or no brown fat to be formed will have a) difficulty absorbing nutrients from the intestine b) difficulty regulating body temperature c) very stretchy tendons d) reduced bone mass e) difficulty breathing

B

describe the effect of exposure to UV rays on the skin a) decreased cancer risk b) increased melanin synthesis c) improved skin tone d) increased vitamin B production

B

in the process of tissue repair, which of the events listed below occurs last? a)the wound fills with blood and a clot forms b) granulation tissue develops c) a scab forms to seal the wound d) an inflammatory response occurs e) fibroblasts migrate to the area

B

suturing a large wound a) allows healing by secondary union b) reduces risk of infection and helps to heal faster c) increases scar formation d) leads to wound contracture e) prevents scarring

B

which of the following actions is caused by contraction of skeletal muscle? a) contraction of the heart b) moving your feet in walking c) movement of food through the digestive tract d) emptying of the urinary bladder e) vasoconstriction

B

which of the following is NOT a function of carbs in the body? a) structural component of DNA/RNA b) protection c) bulk in feces d) energy

B

which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue? a) conduction of action potentials b) secretion and absorption of molecules c) support of other tissue types d) contraction e) shock absorption

B

which of the following situations could interfere with normal child birth? a) small ischial spines b) small pelvic outlet c) an enlarged iliac crest d) a wide, circular pelvic inlet e) widely spaces ischial spines

B

which of the following statements concerning epithelial cell surfaces is false? a) smooth surfaces reduce friction b) epithelium with folded surfaces tends to be very rigid c) cilia propel materials along the surface of an epithelial cell d) epithelial cells with microvilli are involved in absorption e) epithelium with folded surfaces can change shape

B

Which of the following is true? a) The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to Na+ than K+. b) The resting membrane potential never reaches an equilibrium point. c) The resting membrane potential is proportional to the tendency for K+ to diffuse out of the cell. d) Negatively charged Cl- ions are attracted by negative charges in the cell. e) The purpose of the sodium-potassium exchange pump is to create an equilibrium of ion concentrations.

C

Which of the following situations occurs in electrically excitable cells? a) When Na+ ion channels open, K+ ion channels close. b) The sodium-potassium exchange pump moves sodium into the cell. c) Depolarization causes voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open. d) Ligand-gated sodium ion channels are opened by high extracellular calcium levels. e) Proteins tend to diffuse out of the cell.

C

hyaluronic acid a) contributes to the rigidity of a joint b) is found in the synovial membrane c) is responsible for the lubricating properties of synovial fluid d) makes up most of the matrix of hyaline cartilage e) makes surfaces rough

C

in order for muscle relaxation to occur a) calcium ions must be transported to troponin b) power strokes slow down c) the active sites on actin bust be blocked d) sodium ions must be actively transported to troponin e) the active sites on myosin bust be uncovered

C

keratinization a) occurs in the dermis b) results in the formation of new epidermal cells c) produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion d) determines skin color e) does not affect permeability characteristics of the epidermis

C

the medullary cavity is a) empty in adult bones b) the site where osteoblasts are found c) lined with endosteum d) filled with fibrocartilage and elastin fibers e) dead space in the bone

C

the peripheral nervous system includes a) brain b) spinal cord c) cranial nerves d) BBB e) cerebellum

C

what is found in spongy bone but not compact bone? a) osteocytes in lacunae b) hydroxyapatite c) trabeculae d) collagen e) matrix

C

when blood calcium levels are low a) osteoclast activity increases. b) calcitonin secretion increases. c) calcium absorption is reduced. d) bones produce more bone tissue. e) osteoblast activity increases.

C

which of the following connective tissue layers is outside all the others? a) perimysium b) endomysium c) epimysium d) paramysium e) sarcolemma

C

which of the following is NOT a complication of a major burn? a) local edema b) shock c) increased immunity d) decreased heart pumping ability e) venous thrombosis

C

which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle? a) body movement b) maintenance of posture c) dilating and constricting the pupil of the eye d) carry out breathing movements e) production of heat

C

which of the following statements accurately describe events that occur as a result of a local potential reaching threshold? a) Activation gates of Na+ ion channels begin to close. b) Inactivation gates of Na+ ion channels begin to open. c) A positive feedback cycle develops in which depolarization causes activation gates of Na+ ion channels to open. d) K+ ion channels begin to close. e) Inactivation gates of Na+ ion channels begin to open and a positive feedback cycle develops in which depolarization causes activation gates of Na+ ion channels to open.

C

which of the following statements concerning the process of tissue repair is false? a) in regeneration, destroyed cells are replaced by the same type of cell b) in replacement, a new type of tissue develops that eventually results in scar production c) labile cells cannot be replaced by the process of regeneration d) stable cells do not actively replicate after growth but retain the ability to regenerate e) permanent cells have a limited ability to replicate

C

4 most abundant elements in the human body are:

C H O N

the four most abundant elements in the human body are

C H O N

the anticodon sequence GUA pairs with what codon?

CAU

what molecule is produced as a waste product of the metabolism of glucose by cells?

CO2

An example of a saddle joint is the a) shoulder joint. b) elbow joint. c) atlanto-occipital joint. d) carpometacarpal joint. e) atlantoaxial joint.

D

How does the urinary system contribute to osteoporosis? a) Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption. b) Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair. c) Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss. d) Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted. e) Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease.

D

Which of the following is NOT true of the latch state of smooth muscle contraction? a) Myosin phosphatase removes the phosphate group from myosin. b) It explains why smooth muscle can sustain tension for long periods of time. c) It occurs when the phosphate is removed while the cross-bridges are attached to actin. d) It occurs when the phosphate is removed while the cross-bridges are not attached to actin. e) It allows contraction without a large energy expenditure.

D

Which of the following statements is true? a) In males, the hairs of the beard are vellus hairs. b) Both vellus and terminal hairs are pigmented. c) The majority of hair on the chest is vellus hair. d) At puberty, much of the vellus hair is replaced with terminal hair. e) Hair in the axillary region is vellus hair after puberty.

D

an example of a symphysis is the a) elbow joint b) temporomandibular joint c) costovertebral joint d) intervertebral joint e) sacroiliac joint

D

anabolic steroids can do all of the following except a) increase muscle size and strength b) cause testicular atrophy c) cause cardiovascular disease d) increase the number of muscle fibers e) increase total muscle mass

D

collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers in connective tissue all contain a) phospholipids b) carbs c) adipose tissue d) proteins e) triglycerides

D

of the following muscles of the thigh, which one is on the posterior side? a0 rectus femoris b) sartorius c) adductor magnus d) biceps femoris e) gracilis

D

the central axis of the hair is the a) shaft b) cuticle c) hair bulb d) medulla e) root

D

the effects of aging on the skin include all of the following except a) thinner epidermis b) reduction in collagen and elastin c) loss of fat from the subQ tissue d) increases in sebaceous gland activity

D

which of the following is NOT a function of the control center within a feedback mechanism? a) receives and processes information b) controls effectors c) establishes a set point d) detects a change in the value of a variable

D

which of the following is NOT a known effect of illegal use of anabolic steroids in large dosages? a) increased muscle size b) kidney damage c) diminished testosterone secretion d) increased cardiovascular fitness e) sterility

D

which of the following is mismatched? a) central nervous system - brain b) autonomic nervous system - sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions c) peripheral nervous system - spinal nerves d) somatic nervous system - sensory division of PNS e) peripheral nervous system - sensory and motor divisions

D

which of the following is not a function of connective tissue? a) transport b) support c) storage d) contraction e) insulation

D

which of the following movements is an example of extension? a) bending forward at the waist b) kneeling c) raising your arm laterally d) using your finger to point out an area on a map e) shrugging your shoulders

D

which of the following muscles contracts during forced expiration? a) scalenes b) diaphragm c) linea alba d) internal intercostals e) external intercostals

D

which of the following statements is false? a) secretory epithelial cells are usually cuboidal or columnar in shape b) the movement of materials through the epithelium is enhanced by simple squamous epithelium c) stratified epithelium is adapted for a protective role d) columnar epithelial cells promote diffusion e) cuboidal epithelium is found in areas where absorption occurs

D

Hydrocephaly is a condition whereby cerebrospinal fluid accumulates around the brain. What supportive cells continue CSF production despite it backing up in the subarachnoid space? a) astrocytes b) microglial cells c) oligodendrocytes d) macrophages e) ependymal cells

E

Three-year old Trevor is admitted to the hospital with stenosis (narrowing) of the foramen magnum, which directly affects which of these structures? a) optic nerve b) carotid arteries c) internal jugular veins d) facial and vestibulocochlear nerves e) spinal cord

E

a tissue has the following characteristics: abundant extracellular matrix, abundant collagen fibers, collagen fibers mainly parallel to each other. Which of the following injuries results in damage to mainly this kind of tissue? a) broken femur bone b) bullet penetrating the abdominal wall c) broken nose d) tear in the cartilage of the knee e) tear in the tissue that attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to bone

E

all cells attached to the basement membrane but not all cells reach free surfaces is a description of a) mesoderm b) neuroglia c) membrane d) dendrite e) pseudostratified columnar epithelium

E

which of the following is inserted on the calcaneus by the Achilles tendon? a) tibialis posterior b) peroneus longus c) peroneus brevis d) extensor digitorum longus e) gastrocnemius

E

what is the correct complementary strand to CATGTC?

GTACAG

The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "B" represent?

MCL (tibial)

which mature cells do not have a nucleus?

RBCs

what genotype will result in a male?

XY

lyme disease is

a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks

how does a buffer help a solution maintain pH?

a buffer can act like a base if pH is acidic, and it can act like an acid if pH is basic

a substance that will increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being permanently changed is called

a catalyst

denaturation

a change in the 3D structure of a protein

a molecule is

a combination of atoms held together by chemical bonds

the leading strand of DNA is formed as

a continuous strand, adding to the 3" end

what is a scar?

a large amount of granulation tissue converted to dense irregular collagenous connective tissue during tissue repair

dense regular collagenous connective tissue would be found in

a ligament

a cut through the long axis of an organ is

a longitudinal section

an eccentric contraction is described as

a muscle produced tension, but the length of the muscle is increasing

an anion is

a negatively charged ion

an organelle is

a small structure within a cell

an organ is

a structure composed of several tissue types

synovial fluid is

a thin lubricating film covering the surface of a joint

in order to study the detail of internal cell parts, it would be best to use

a transmission electron microscope (TEM)

here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. what does "D" represent?

abdominal cavity

the cavity of the body immediately inferior to the diaphragm is the ___

abdominal cavity

solubility refers to

ability of one substance to dissolve in another

a base is a proton donor or acceptor

acceptor

what genetic disorder is a type of dwarfism characterized by shortening of the upper and lower limbs?

achondroplasia

what does "A" represent on the diagram?

actin myofilament

what is the girdle of glycoproteins just below the tight junction between epithelial cells?

adhesion belt

what type of cell contains large amounts of lipids?

adipocytes

the presence of a cellular clock, presence of "death genes" and damage to DNA or mitochondria are all theories of

aging

what genetic disorder is characterized by the lack of skin, hair, and eye coloration?

albinism

a different form of an allele at a particular locus that can have no effect to major effects on the phenotype is ___ a) allelic varient b) mutated allele c) polymorphism d) all of the above

all of the above

which of the following factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions? a) temperature b) concentration of reactants c) presence of catalysts d) presence of enzymes

all of the above

if an albino (aa) mates with a person homozygous for normal pigment (AA), then their offspring will be ___

all offspring will be normal but carriers

an organic molecule consists of C H O N S. the molecule is probably

an AA

arthritis is

an inflammation of any joint

all of the synthesis reactions of the body are called

anabolism

the type of movements where one linear part of the body bens relative to another part would be ___ movements

angular

The figure illustrates bones, fontanels, and sutures on the fetal skull. What does "B" represent?

anterior/frontal fontanel

what type of gland discharges fragments of the gland's cells during secretion?

apocrine

light skinned races such as caucasians have

approximately the same number of melanocytes as races with darker skins

lipids ___

are an important component of cell membranes

nucleotides___

are the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA (nucleic acids)

chromosomes that are NOT associated with sex determination are known as

autosomes

chromosomes that are not associated with sex determination are known as

autosomes

the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon 12 is called

avogadro's number

this is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. what does "E" represent?

axon

what type of joint is the most movable?

ball and socket

at the base of each cilium is a structure called the

basal body

what is the most common form of skin cancer?

basal cell carcinoma

which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance? a) color blindness b) major thalassemia c) beta thalassemia d) polymorphism e) ABO blood groups

beta thalassemia

harry is told he has structural damage to his dentoalveolar joint. where specifically is the problem area?

between his tooth socket and tooth

what does "E" represent?

biceps brachii

this is a picture of a skin wound. what does "A" represent?

blood clot

this is a picture of a skin wound. what does "C" represent?

blood vessel

osteomyelitis is

bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection

two solutions A & B have the same osmolality therefore ___

both solutions have the same number of solute particles

which of the following is not a use of xray imaging? a) breast cancer screening in mammography b) upper digestive tract abnormalities following barium ingestion c) brain tumor progression d) vertebral fractures

brain tumor progression

sternal region

breast bone

gluteal region

buttocks

protein synthesis in neurons occurs in the

cell bodies or soma

this is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. what does "B" represent?

cell body

the energy stored in ATP is a form of ___ energy

chemical

potential energy stored in bonds of molecules is

chemical energy

which of the following would be classified as a lipid? a) cholesterol - a steroid b) alanine - an amino acid c) starch - a polysaccharide d) catalase - an enzyme e) sucrose - a disaccharide

cholesterol - a steroid

before cell division occurs, DNA in the nucleus is condensed to form

chromatin

what type of gene expression are the ABO blood types an example of?

codominance

intervertebral discs exhibit a great deal of strength because of the presence of thick bundles of

collagen

cells produce and respond to chemical and electrical signals as a means of

communication

lamella are characteristics of what type of bone?

compact

electrolytes are substances that

conduct electricity when dissolved in water

what particle is formed when an acid loses a proton?

conjugate base

marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder associated with ___ tissue

connective

what type of tissue possesses an abundant extracellular matrix?

connective

the stratum basale

contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells

DNA

contains the sugar deoxyribose

muscle tissue is characterized by

contractility

the presence of water in our bodies allows us to

cool the body with sweat maintain a fairly constant body temp provide an environment for chemical reactions keep tissues moist and reduce friction

raising your arm to shoulder level is accomplished almost entirely by what muscle?

deltoid

what does "A" represent?

deltoid

this is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. what does "A" represent?

dendrite

what type of process conducts nerve impulses toward the cell body?

dendrite

DNA contains

deoxyribose

this is a picture of a skin wound. what does "B" represent?

dermis

this is a picture of a skin wound. what does "D" represent?

dermis

epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have many

desmosomes

what is a disk shaped structure with especially adhesive glycoproteins around each cell that bind cells to one another?

desmosomes

a cell with abundant peroxisomes would most likely be involved in

detoxification activities

here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. what does "B" represent?

diaphragm

the gallbladder, liver, and stomach are all part of the

digestive system

the enteric nervous system consists of plexuses within the walls of the

digestive tract

what technique creates a 3D dynamic image of blood vessels?

digital subtraction angiography

the diagram illustrates glands of the skin. what does "C" represent?

eccrine sweat gland

which of the following terms correctly identifies the name of an embryonic germ layer? a) ectoderm b) exoderm c) epiderm

ectoderm

an accumulation of fluid in the tissue spaces is called

edema

chemical substances that dissolve in water or react with water to release ions are known as

electrolytes

cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called

electrolytes because they can conduct an electrical current

covalent bonds form when

electrons are shared between two atoms

which organelle may or may not have ribosomes attached?

endoplasmic reticulum

if the products in the reaction contain less potential energy than the reactants, ___

energy has been released by the breaking of molecular bonds

if the partial energy in the chemical bonds of the reactants is greater than the potential energy in the chemical bonds of the product, ___

energy is released by the reaction

what type of tissue has little ECM because it forms covering and lining layers for body structures?

epithelial

if the ratio of products are stable the reaction is in

equilibrium

which back muscle inserts on the ribs and bertebrae?

erector spinae

the opposite of inversion is

eversion

With aging, individuals tend to feel colder and usually need the thermostat in their home set higher in the winter to feel warm enough. This is probably because the elderly...

experience a decrease in the thickness of their subQ fat layer

the opposite of flexion is

extension

the diagram shows abdominal muscles. what is "C"?

external oblique

the environment outside the plasma membrane is most appropriately referred to as

extracellular

what type of cells form protein fibers in connective tissue proper?

fibroblasts

The figure illustrates bones of the right lower limb. What does "D" represent?

fibula

which of the following is an organelle of locomotion? a) ER b) golgi apparatus c) nucleolus d) peroxisome e) flagellum

flagellum

there are more microbial cells than human cells in your bod and the health of this microbiota clearly influences human well being. how many microbes are there?

for every cell, there are 10 microbial cells

a neuron is receiving a stimulus which gets stronger and stronger. the result is

frequency of occurrence of action potentials increases

ringworm is an infection of the skin, hair, and nails caused by a

fungus

reduction is the ___ of electrons

gain

what is a small protein channel that allows the passage of ions and small molecules between cells?

gap junction

the actual genetic constitution of an individual is its

genotype

an organism's genetic makeup is its ___ while its physical appearance is its ___

genotype, phenotype

proteoglycan molecules in the matrix of cartilage ___

give cartilage its resilient nature

which of the following is NTO true of a transmission electron microscope (TEM)? a) the limit of resolution is about 0.1 nm b) electrons are passed through the specimen c) gives the clearest 3D images d) the specimen must be fixed in plastic e) the electron beam is focused with electromagnets

gives the clearest 3D images

consider the following five terms. which term does not belong with the other four terms? a) disaccharide b) sucrose c) lactose d) maltose e) glucose

glucose

a common site for injections is the

gluteus medius

inguinal region

groin

hydrogen bonds are important for all of the following except

help atoms give up or receive electrons

what genetic disorder is the failure to produce clotting factors?

hemophilia

what results from damage to the annulus fibrosis and release of nucleus pulposus?

herniated disk

what term means that both alleles are different?

heterozygous

the study of tissues is

histology

what is the microscope study of tissues?

histology

chromosome pairs are called

homologous pairs

what term means that both alleles are the same?

homozygous

the genotype WW is best described as

homozygous dominant

what type of connective tissue forms most of the skeleton before it is replaced by bone?

hyaline cartilage

a subcutaneous injection delivers medication into the

hypodermis

in reference to body temperature in living organisms, the set point can be defined as the

ideal normal value

what term describes the inheritance of a trait which in the heterozygote has an intermediate expression between either allele?

incomplete dominance

when the dominant allele does not completely mask the effects of the recessive allele in the heterozygote, it is called ___

incomplete dominance

as muscle activity increases, the body temperature ___

increases

directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. what does "E" represent?

inferior

The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "E" represent?

inferior oblique

The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "A" represent?

inferior rectus

the time between cell divisions is called

interphase

the conversion between different states of energy ___ (potential to kinetic)

is not 100% efficient and typically generates heat

the central nervous system

is the site for processing information

a ___ is a display of the chromosomes of a somatic cell during metaphase of mitosis

karyotype

a display of the chromosomes of a somatic cell during metaphase of mitosis is the

karyotype

as skin cells move toward the surface of the body, they produce a protein that reduces water loss. this process is called

keratinization

inorganic chemists study substances ____ carbon while organic chemists study ____ carbon

lacking, containing

the time between application of the stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of contraction is called the ___ phase

latent or lag

directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. what does "D" represent?

lateral

The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "C" represent?

lateral (fibular) collateral ligament (LCL)

The figure illustrates structures in the right temporomandibular joint (lateral view). What does "B" represent?

lateral ligament

The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "D" represent?

lateral meniscus

The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "D" represent?

lateral rectus

directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. what does "B" represent?

left

what could be used to study general features of cells?

light microscope

in an x-ray film of a skeleton, dense tissue appears ___ because they ___ xrays and the less dense tissue appears ___ because they ___ xrays

light, absorb dark, do not absorb

the diagram shows abdominal muscles. what is "B"?

linea alba

which organic group does a steroid belong to?

lipids

the specific location of a gene on a chromosome is its

locus

a neutral atom will become a cation if it

loses electrons

the cell is the basic unit of life. all cellular structures exhibit special functions. match the structure with its function. what is the function of "E"?

lysosome, contains digestive enzymes

what organelle functions to destroy nonfunctional organelles?

lysosomes

The figure illustrates structures in the right temporomandibular joint (lateral view). What does "E" represent?

mandible

The figure illustrates the joints and bones of the rib cage. What does "D" represent?

manubrium

the amount of matter in an object is its

mass

what is "B"? face muscles

masseter

directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. what does "C" represent?

medial

here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. what does "A" represent?

mediastinum

a thin layer of tissue that covers an organ or lines a cavity is a

membrane

what structure does "B" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?

membrane channel protein

ion movement across the plasma membrane creates an electrical charge difference known as

membrane potential

This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What structures does "A" represent?

mesentery

the cell is the basic unit of life. all cellular structures exhibit special functions. match the structure with its function. what is the function of "B"?

mitochondria, major site of ATP synthesis when oxygen is available

carbon dioxide is considered a

molecule and a compound

large carbohydrates are formed from smaller units called

monosaccharides

support cells of the brain are called

neuroglia

this is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. what does "D" represent?

neuroglial cells

Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "C" represent on the diagram?

nitrogen

a mistake during segregation of chromosomes is called

nondisjunction

Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "B" represent on the diagram?

nonpolar (hydrophobic) region

this is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. what does "C" represent?

nucleus

the cell is the basic unit of life. all cellular structures exhibit special functions. match the structure with its function. what is the function of "D"?

nucleus, control center of the cell

The figure illustrates bones, fontanels, and sutures on the fetal skull. What does "E" represent?

occipital bone

in the process of diffusion, net movement of substances is always from a region

of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

which of the following best describes a proton? a) one negative charge, no mass, found in orbitals b) no charge, mass of one, found in nucleus c) one positive charge, mass of one, found in nucleus d) subatomic particle with no electric charge

one positive charge, one mass, found in nucleus

what is "E"? face muscles

orbicularis oculi

internal structures of a cell that carry out specialized metabolic tasks are called

organelles

the brachioradialis is named for its

origin and insertion

what kind of cells form bone?

osteoblasts

cells that maintain bone are called

osteocytes

the cell is the basic unit of life. all cellular structures exhibit special functions. match the structure with its function. what is the function of "A"?

outer boundary of the cell, controls entry and exit of substances

Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "E" represent on the diagram?

oxygen

water accounts for 50% of weight of a young adult female and 60% of young adult male. what kind of atom is found at "D"?

oxygen atom

a cleft palate results from incomplete development of the ___

palatine bones

this is the dermal layer closest to the epidermis

papillary layer

which type of circuit is associated with complex neuronal processing, such as solving mathematical equations?

parallel after-discharge

The figure illustrates bones, fontanels, and sutures on the fetal skull. What does "A" represent?

parietal bone

This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What structures does "B" represent?

parietal peritoneum (lines cavity)

The figure illustrates bones of the right lower limb. What does "B" represent?

patella

what does "B" represent?

pectoralis major

which muscle will depress the scapula or elevate the ribs?

pectoralis minor

here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. what does "E" represent?

pelvic cavity

the predominant lipid in the cell membrane is a

phospholipid

what structure does "A" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?

phospholipid bilayer

Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "D" represent on the diagram?

phosphorus

an investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how changes in pH affect the function of enzymes on digestion is most likely to be ___

physiologist

the joint between the head of the radius and the proximal end of the ulna is a ___ joint

pivot

the joint between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae is a ___ joint

plane

a mutation involving a single nucleotide is a ___ mutation

point

Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "A" represent on the diagram?

polar (hydrophilic) region

phospholipids have a hydrophilic end which is

polar and water soluble

when more than one gene pair is involved in an inheritance pattern, it is called

polygenic

a person's height, intellignece, eye color, and skin color are examples of

polygenic traits

Imagine the following scenario: Blood pressure decreases below normal levels.→ Blood flow to the heart decreases → Heart is unable to pump as much blood.→ Blood pressure decreases even more. This is an example of _____ feedback.

positive

Mary Lu is experiencing pain from her sacroiliac joint. In what region of her body is she most likely feeling pain?

posterior pelvic region

The figure illustrates bones, fontanels, and sutures on the fetal skull. What does "D" represent?

posterior/occipital fontanel

The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "E" represent?

postsynaptic membrane

posttranscriptional processing is the modification of

pre-mRNA to form functional mRNA

The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "C" represent?

presynaptic terminal

which is determined by the sequence of AA bound by peptide bonds?

primary protein

which of the following is not a function of carbs in the body? a) structural component of DNA b) protection c) bulk in feces d) energy e) structural component of RNA

protection

which function of proteins is NOT correctly matches with the example? a) transport - Hgb b) structure - collagen and keratin c) regulation - enzymes and hormones d) protection - packing around organs and glands e) contraction - actin and myosin in muscles

protection - packing around organs and glands

the BBB ___

protects neurons from toxic waste substances in the blood

source of nitrogen for the body?

protein

which of the following matrix molecules tends to trap large quantities of water?

proteoglycan

genes that play a role in the regulation of mitosis are called

proto-oncogenes

MRI is based on the movement of ___ in a magnetic field

protons

mass # of an atom is

protons and neutrons

this condition is characterized by a thicker than normal stratum corneum producing large silvery scales

psoriasis

which of the following activities is a function of the plasma membrane? a) digestion of unneeded cell organelles b) recognition of bacterial cells by the immune system c) transport of products from the nucleus to the endoplasmic reticulum d) cell metabolism e) detoxification

recognition of bacterial cells by the immune system

the diagram shows abdominal muscles. what is "D"?

rectus abdominis

in ___, the new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed

regeneration

a buffer will

resist drastic changes in the pH of solutions

muscles exhibit the property of excitability. this means that the muscle

responds to stimulation by the nervous system

nerve cells generate electrical signals in response to changes in the environment. this is an example of

responsiveness

This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What structures does "E" represent?

retroperitoneal organs

neurons arranged in a circular pathway form ___

reverberating circuits

directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. what does "A" represent?

right

the cell is the basic unit of life. all cellular structures exhibit special functions. match the structure with its function. what is the function of "C"?

rough endoplasmic reticulum, synthesizes proteins and transports them to the Golgi apparatus

a vertical plane that separates the body into right and left portions is called a

sagittal plane

The figure illustrates bones, fontanels, and sutures on the fetal skull. What does "C" represent?

sagittal suture

a neurtal atom contains

same number of protons and electrons

what is a malignant neoplasm derived from connective tissue?

sarcoma

what does "E" represent on the diagram?

sarcomere

the diagram illustrates glands of the skin. what does "B" represent?

sebaceous gland

the primary structure of a protein is

sequence of AA in a polypeptide chain

the diagram shows abdominal muscles. what is "A"?

serratus anterior

what does "C" represent?

serratus anterior

the subscapular and subacromial bursa are associated with the ___ joint

shoulder

what genetic disorder is the inability to produce normal hemoglobin?

sickle cell disease

what type of epithelial tissue is found in the kidney tubules?

simple cuboidal epithelium

if one of the functions of the capillaries is to supply blood cells with oxygen and nutrients, you would expect the capillary walls to consist of ___

simple squamous epithelium

which organ system is the location of blood cell production?

skeletal

which type of muscle tissue possesses striations?

skeletal and cardiac

the type of muscle found in the walls of blood vessels is

smooth

what type of muscle is found in the wall of the digestive tract?

smooth

what type of muscle tissue causes peristalsis?

smooth

the three forms of matter are

solids, liquids, and gases

an anatomic image created from sound waves is a

sonogram

what is the only human cell with a flagellum?

spermatozoa

what type of cells have the potential to differentiate to form adult cell types?

stem cells

The figure illustrates the joints and bones of the rib cage. What does "A" represent?

sternal symphyses

what is "C"? face muscles

sternocleidomastoid

The figure illustrates the joints and bones of the rib cage. What does "E" represent?

sternum

the layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the

stratum basale

the figure illustrates keratinization in the epidermis. what layer of the epidermis is "E"?

stratum basale/germanitivum

the figure illustrates keratinization in the epidermis. what layer of the epidermis is "A"?

stratum corneum

this stratum contains many layers of dead squamous cells

stratum corneum

the figure illustrates keratinization in the epidermis. what layer of the epidermis is "C"?

stratum granulosum

anatomy is the study of

structure

The figure illustrates structures in the right temporomandibular joint (lateral view). What does "C" represent?

styloid process

The figure illustrates structures in the right temporomandibular joint (lateral view). What does "D" represent?

stylomandibular ligament

this is a picture of a skin wound. what does "E" represent?

subQ fat

which of the following is a carb? a) triglyceride b) Hgb c) cholesterol d) animal fat e) sucrose

sucrose

ribose is the

sugar found in RNA and ATP

The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "B" represent?

superior oblique

The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "C" represent?

superior rectus

the opposite of pronation is

supination

the junction of two pubic bones is the

symphysis pubis

The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "D" represent?

synaptic cleft

The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "B" represent?

synaptic vesicle

what type of membranes line joint cavities?

synovial

transcription ___ a) requires 3 types of RNA b) synthesizes RNA from DNA c) occurs at the ribosomes d) copies information from mRNA to tRNA e) synthesizes DNA from RNA

synthesizes RNA from DNA

which subdivision of anatomy involves the study of organs that function together?

systemic

The figure illustrates bones of the right lower limb. What does "E" represent?

tarsals

what is "A"? face muscles

temporalis

which muscle abducts and flexes the thigh?

tensor fascia latae

dendrites are ___

the input part of the neuron

in DNA replication ___

the leading strand is formed as a continuous strand

translation requires

the pairing of codons on mRNA with anticodons on tRNA

why does muscle activity affect the temperature of the body?

the rate of chemical reactions increases in muscle fibers during contraction, so the rate of heat production also increases

the visceral pleura is

the serous membrane that covers the lungs

electrons are ___

the subatomic particles most involved in bonding behavior of atoms

why are cyanide compounds lethal to humans?

they interfere with the production of ATP

here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. what does "C" represent?

thoracic cavity

the extensor pollicis brevis moves the ___

thumb

The figure illustrates bones of the right lower limb. What does "C" represent?

tibia

the type of cell connection that serves as a permeability barrier is a

tight junction

what type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder?

transitional epithelium

which abdominal wall muscle inserts on the xiphoid process and the linea alba?

transversus abdominis

what is "D"? face muscles

trapezius

down syndrome is an example of an aneuploidy called

trisomy 21

the humerus articulates with the ulna at the

trochlea

positive feedback mechanisms are more commonly seen in ___ individuals

unhealthy

brachial region

upper arm

which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not DNA?

uracil

what system removes nitrogenous waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance?

urinary

organelles

vary in number and type depending on cell function

the opening in vertebrae for the spinal cord is the

vertebral foramen

This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What structures does "C" represent?

visceral peritoneum (covers organs)

The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "A" represent?

voltage gated calcium channel

in the inflammatory response, clotting proteins form a clot. this action ___

walls off foreign particles and microbes

an individual hydrogen bond in a sample of would be described as

weak and intermolecular

IMF are

weak electrostatic attractions that exist between 2 molecules

osteoarthritis usually is caused by

wear and tear of the joint

genes on the X chromosome are

x-linked

genes that are passed from male to male are called

y-linked

what does "D" represent on the diagram?

z disk

The figure illustrates structures in the right temporomandibular joint (lateral view). What does "A" represent?

zygomatic arch

getting a kiss on the cheek means this bone is involved

zygomatic bone