Ashley anatomy
All of the following muscles are rotators of the arm. Which is a lateral rotator of the arm? a) pectoralis major b) latissimus dorsi c) teres major d) deltoid e) coracobrachialis
D
The figure illustrates the joints and bones of the rib cage. What does "B" represent?
costochondral joint
normal pH for blood is 7.35-7.45. maintenance of the pH in this range is
critical because enzymes work best within narrow ranges of pH
what does "C" represent on the diagram?
cross bridge
the process of meiosis will ___ as the gametes are produced
cut the chromosome number by 1/2
the outer surface of the hair is called the
cuticle
when ionic compounds dissolve in water, their ions
dissociate or separate from one another
solubility refers to the ability of one substance to ___ in another
dissolve
what genetic disorder is caused by having three chromosomes 21?
down syndrome
which of the following chromosome anomalies can be found in either sex? a) turner syndrome (XO) b) klinefelter's syndrome (XXY) c) down syndrome (trisomy 21) d) barker's syndrome e) all of the above
down syndrome
the diagram illustrates glands of the skin. what does "D" represent?
duct of eccrine sweat gland
the opposite of depression is
elevation
fatty acid A has 10 double covalent bonds scattered throughout its carbon chain while fatty acid B has only single covalent bonds between the carbon atoms in its chain
fatty acid B is saturated
The figure illustrates bones of the right lower limb. What does "A" represent?
femur
a major limitation of radiographs is that they
give only a flat 2D image of the body
the diagram illustrates glands of the skin. what does "E" represent?
hair follicle
the autonomic nervous system
has 2 sets of neurons in a series
DNA replication results in 2 new DNA molecules. Each of these new molecules
has one strand of nucleotides from the parent DNA and one newly synthesized strand of nucleotides
the term "shin splints" is associated with
injuries resulting from excessive stress on the tibialis anterior
lipids can
insulate and help prevent heat loss
what structure does "D" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?
integral protein
what structure does "E" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?
internal membrane surface
the diagram shows abdominal muscles. what is "E"?
internal oblique
delicate unpigmented hairs that cover the fetus in early development are called
lanugo hairs
the extracellular material of a tissue is called the
matrix
an organism's ability to use energy in order to swim is an example of
metabolism
cells of the small intestine and kidney tubules have extensions that increase their surface area called
microvilli
the connective tissue sheath of cartilage is called the
perichondrium
This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What structures does "D" represent?
peritoneal cavity
a protein that is converted to an active enzyme is a
proenzyme
a DNA nucleotide sequence that signals the beginning of a gene is called a
promoter
which of the following molecules is not made from cholesterol?
prostaglandins
the structural RNA of ribosomes is
rRNA
the levator palpebrae superioris muscle does what?
raises the eyelid
the opposite pf protraction is
retraction
the sodium chloride molecule breaks apart in water. what does "B" represent?
sodium ion
The figure illustrates the joints and bones of the rib cage. What does "C" represent?
sternocostal synchondrosis
the figure illustrates keratinization in the epidermis. what layer of the epidermis is "B"?
stratum lucidum
squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common type of skin cancer that affects the ___ layer of the skin
stratum spinosum
the figure illustrates keratinization in the epidermis. what layer of the epidermis is "D"?
stratum spinosum
the study of external form of the body and its relationship to deeper structures is
surface anatomy
the diagram illustrates glands of the skin. what does "A" represent?
sweat pore
osteoarthritis is
the most common type of arthritis
an aggregation of cells and extracellular materials which perform a discrete function is known as a
tissue
in the reversible reaction CO2 + H2O --> H2CO3 --> H + HCO3, a decrease in respiration rate will increase the concentration of CO2 in the blood. what will this do to the amount of H in the blood?
H will increase
The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "E" represent?
PCL
the delivery of a radioactive compound to the body to study the metabolism of tissues is called
PET
a tissue is
a group of cells with similar structure and function
an organ system is
a group of organs with a common set of functions
what organic group does lactose belong to?
carbohydrate
identify the material that would NOT be considered an important inorganic substance in our bodies
carbon
which type of muscle tissue causes contraction of the heart?
cardiac
which type of muscle tissue is autorhythmic?
cardiac and smooth
glands whose ducts have more than one branch are called
compound
sodium chloride is considered a(n)
compound
what are the layers of the epidermis from superficial to deep?
corneum lucidum granulosum spinosum basale
what does "D" represent?
corcobrachialis
another anatomical term for fingers is
digits
what is the site of long bone growth?
epiphyseal plate
oxidation is the ___ of electrons
loss
a thick, sticky secretion produced by goblet cells is called
mucus
what type of tissue is contractile?
muscular
what does "B" represent on the diagram?
myosin myofilament
the nail root and the nail body attach to the
nail bed
umbilical region
naval
what structure does "C" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?
??????????????
IMF are weak electrostatic attractions that exist between a) 2 molecules b) a proton and an electron c) two protons
A
the lower limit of resolution of a light microscope is
0.1 um
solution A increases its acidity. this means that ___
# of hydrogen ions has increased
for every cell in your body, there are ___ microbial cells
10
there are ___ pairs of cranial nerves and ___ pairs of spinal nerves
12, 31
which of the following is a synthesis reaction? a) 2 AA are bonded together to form a dipeptide b) sucrose is chemically separated to form one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose c) sodium chloride is dissolved in water d) several dipeptide chains are formed from digestion of long polypeptide chains e) ATP is converted to ADP
2 AA are bonded together to form a dipeptide
in humans somatic cells have ___ chromosomes while reproductive cells have ___ chromosomes
46, 23
a non-albino female who is a carrier to the albino allele (Aa) mates with an albino male (aa). what is the probability that their children will be albino?
50%
Randy is participating in a strong man competition and is required to pull a yacht as far as he can. Which type of chemical process will his skeletal muscles rely on during this competition? a) anaerobic respiration b) aerobic respiration c) both
A
compounds classified as ______ alter synaptic transmission by changing neurotransmitter receptor numbers or affecting the breakdown and/or removal of neurotransmitter. a) neuromodulators b) inhibitory neurotransmitters c) excitatory neurotransmitters d) neurohormones
A
describe the movement of melanin in the skin a) melanin is transferred from melanocytes to keratinocytes b) melanocytes carry melanin with them as they migrate towards the skin surface c) melanin is transferred from keratinocytes to melanocytes d) melanin is transferred from melanocytes to Merkel cells
A
eccrine sweat glands a) aid in cooling the body b) serve as "anchors" for the arrector pili muscles c) produce a secretion that oils the hair and skin d) produce a secretion that protects the body from growth of bacteria e) are not involved in the homeostasis of body temperature
A
of the following muscles of the forearm, which one rotates the forearm to turn the palm upwards? a) supinator b) triceps brachii c) brachialis d) pronator quadratus e) brachioradialis
A
of the following muscles of the thigh, which one is NOT part of the quadriceps? a) biceps femoris b) rectus femoris c) vastus lateralis d) vastus medialis e) vastus intermedius
A
which of the following is a proton donor? a) an acid b) a base c) a salt d) glucose e) a neutral substance
A
which of the following is a synovial joint? a) atlanto-occipital b) epiphyseal plate c) costosternal joint d) tibiofibular joint e) intervertebral disk
A
which of the following is not a type of burn? a) primary burn b) partial thickness burn c) 2nd degree burn d) 3rd degree burn e) full thickness burn
A
which of the following pairs is mismatched? a) endoderm - bone b) mesoderm - muscle c) ectoderm - skin d) neuroectoderm - nervous system e) neural crest cells - peripheral nervous system, skin pigment, tissues of the face
A
which of the following statements concerning fast-twitch muscle fibers is true? a) They split ATP rapidly. b) They have large deposits of myoglobin. c) They are well adapted to aerobic metabolism. d) They have a well-developed blood supply. e) They have many mitochondria.
A
with regard to the validity of biochemical research in physiological studies, which statement is correct? a) although the general homeostatic mechanisms may be the same in some animal species, the individual variables are often very different b) although the individual variables may be the same in some animal species, the general homeostatic mechanisms are often very different
A
general structure of a synovial joint
A - bursa B - articular cartilage C - tendon D - synovial membrane E - fibrous capsule
a cation is
A positively charged ion
The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "A" represent?
ACL
what is the only neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?
ACh
which of the following reactions best represents the decomposition of ATP?
ATP + H2O --- ADP + Pi + energy
A recent study demonstrated that there are three unique strains of Propionibacterium acnes; two strains are more prevalent in people with acne; however, one of which appears not to be pathogenic to humans and is more prevalent in people with 'clear' skin. Additionally, the strain of P. acnes found in healthy skin kills the of invading bacteria, including the pathogenic P. acnes. Which of the following statements about the targeted removal of 'bad' P. acnes and addition of 'good' P. acnes is INCORRECT? a. After "bad" P. acnes is removed, the applications of "good" P. acnes should be able to grow and kill invasive bacteria. b. Once removed, the invading pathogenic P. acnes can not regrow on the skin.
B
Which of the following activities is a function of the plasma membrane? a) digestion of unneeded cell organelles b) recognition of bacterial cells by the immune system c) transport of products from the nucleus to the endoplasmic reticulum d) cell metabolism e) detoxification
B
a lack of mitochondria within skeletal muscle would impair which ATP yielding chemical process? a) anaerobic respiration b) aerobic respiration c) both
B
an infant born with a genetic defect that causes little or no brown fat to be formed will have a) difficulty absorbing nutrients from the intestine b) difficulty regulating body temperature c) very stretchy tendons d) reduced bone mass e) difficulty breathing
B
describe the effect of exposure to UV rays on the skin a) decreased cancer risk b) increased melanin synthesis c) improved skin tone d) increased vitamin B production
B
in the process of tissue repair, which of the events listed below occurs last? a)the wound fills with blood and a clot forms b) granulation tissue develops c) a scab forms to seal the wound d) an inflammatory response occurs e) fibroblasts migrate to the area
B
suturing a large wound a) allows healing by secondary union b) reduces risk of infection and helps to heal faster c) increases scar formation d) leads to wound contracture e) prevents scarring
B
which of the following actions is caused by contraction of skeletal muscle? a) contraction of the heart b) moving your feet in walking c) movement of food through the digestive tract d) emptying of the urinary bladder e) vasoconstriction
B
which of the following is NOT a function of carbs in the body? a) structural component of DNA/RNA b) protection c) bulk in feces d) energy
B
which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue? a) conduction of action potentials b) secretion and absorption of molecules c) support of other tissue types d) contraction e) shock absorption
B
which of the following situations could interfere with normal child birth? a) small ischial spines b) small pelvic outlet c) an enlarged iliac crest d) a wide, circular pelvic inlet e) widely spaces ischial spines
B
which of the following statements concerning epithelial cell surfaces is false? a) smooth surfaces reduce friction b) epithelium with folded surfaces tends to be very rigid c) cilia propel materials along the surface of an epithelial cell d) epithelial cells with microvilli are involved in absorption e) epithelium with folded surfaces can change shape
B
Which of the following is true? a) The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to Na+ than K+. b) The resting membrane potential never reaches an equilibrium point. c) The resting membrane potential is proportional to the tendency for K+ to diffuse out of the cell. d) Negatively charged Cl- ions are attracted by negative charges in the cell. e) The purpose of the sodium-potassium exchange pump is to create an equilibrium of ion concentrations.
C
Which of the following situations occurs in electrically excitable cells? a) When Na+ ion channels open, K+ ion channels close. b) The sodium-potassium exchange pump moves sodium into the cell. c) Depolarization causes voltage-gated sodium ion channels to open. d) Ligand-gated sodium ion channels are opened by high extracellular calcium levels. e) Proteins tend to diffuse out of the cell.
C
hyaluronic acid a) contributes to the rigidity of a joint b) is found in the synovial membrane c) is responsible for the lubricating properties of synovial fluid d) makes up most of the matrix of hyaline cartilage e) makes surfaces rough
C
in order for muscle relaxation to occur a) calcium ions must be transported to troponin b) power strokes slow down c) the active sites on actin bust be blocked d) sodium ions must be actively transported to troponin e) the active sites on myosin bust be uncovered
C
keratinization a) occurs in the dermis b) results in the formation of new epidermal cells c) produces a layer of cells that resist abrasion d) determines skin color e) does not affect permeability characteristics of the epidermis
C
the medullary cavity is a) empty in adult bones b) the site where osteoblasts are found c) lined with endosteum d) filled with fibrocartilage and elastin fibers e) dead space in the bone
C
the peripheral nervous system includes a) brain b) spinal cord c) cranial nerves d) BBB e) cerebellum
C
what is found in spongy bone but not compact bone? a) osteocytes in lacunae b) hydroxyapatite c) trabeculae d) collagen e) matrix
C
when blood calcium levels are low a) osteoclast activity increases. b) calcitonin secretion increases. c) calcium absorption is reduced. d) bones produce more bone tissue. e) osteoblast activity increases.
C
which of the following connective tissue layers is outside all the others? a) perimysium b) endomysium c) epimysium d) paramysium e) sarcolemma
C
which of the following is NOT a complication of a major burn? a) local edema b) shock c) increased immunity d) decreased heart pumping ability e) venous thrombosis
C
which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscle? a) body movement b) maintenance of posture c) dilating and constricting the pupil of the eye d) carry out breathing movements e) production of heat
C
which of the following statements accurately describe events that occur as a result of a local potential reaching threshold? a) Activation gates of Na+ ion channels begin to close. b) Inactivation gates of Na+ ion channels begin to open. c) A positive feedback cycle develops in which depolarization causes activation gates of Na+ ion channels to open. d) K+ ion channels begin to close. e) Inactivation gates of Na+ ion channels begin to open and a positive feedback cycle develops in which depolarization causes activation gates of Na+ ion channels to open.
C
which of the following statements concerning the process of tissue repair is false? a) in regeneration, destroyed cells are replaced by the same type of cell b) in replacement, a new type of tissue develops that eventually results in scar production c) labile cells cannot be replaced by the process of regeneration d) stable cells do not actively replicate after growth but retain the ability to regenerate e) permanent cells have a limited ability to replicate
C
4 most abundant elements in the human body are:
C H O N
the four most abundant elements in the human body are
C H O N
the anticodon sequence GUA pairs with what codon?
CAU
what molecule is produced as a waste product of the metabolism of glucose by cells?
CO2
An example of a saddle joint is the a) shoulder joint. b) elbow joint. c) atlanto-occipital joint. d) carpometacarpal joint. e) atlantoaxial joint.
D
How does the urinary system contribute to osteoporosis? a) Lack of exposure to sunlight reduces vitamin D production and decreases calcium absorption. b) Immune cells resist infections and release chemicals that promote tissue repair. c) Excessive smoking lowers estrogen levels, which increases bone loss. d) Calcium ions released from the bones are excreted. e) Decreased estrogen levels following menopause contribute to the disease.
D
Which of the following is NOT true of the latch state of smooth muscle contraction? a) Myosin phosphatase removes the phosphate group from myosin. b) It explains why smooth muscle can sustain tension for long periods of time. c) It occurs when the phosphate is removed while the cross-bridges are attached to actin. d) It occurs when the phosphate is removed while the cross-bridges are not attached to actin. e) It allows contraction without a large energy expenditure.
D
Which of the following statements is true? a) In males, the hairs of the beard are vellus hairs. b) Both vellus and terminal hairs are pigmented. c) The majority of hair on the chest is vellus hair. d) At puberty, much of the vellus hair is replaced with terminal hair. e) Hair in the axillary region is vellus hair after puberty.
D
an example of a symphysis is the a) elbow joint b) temporomandibular joint c) costovertebral joint d) intervertebral joint e) sacroiliac joint
D
anabolic steroids can do all of the following except a) increase muscle size and strength b) cause testicular atrophy c) cause cardiovascular disease d) increase the number of muscle fibers e) increase total muscle mass
D
collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers in connective tissue all contain a) phospholipids b) carbs c) adipose tissue d) proteins e) triglycerides
D
of the following muscles of the thigh, which one is on the posterior side? a0 rectus femoris b) sartorius c) adductor magnus d) biceps femoris e) gracilis
D
the central axis of the hair is the a) shaft b) cuticle c) hair bulb d) medulla e) root
D
the effects of aging on the skin include all of the following except a) thinner epidermis b) reduction in collagen and elastin c) loss of fat from the subQ tissue d) increases in sebaceous gland activity
D
which of the following is NOT a function of the control center within a feedback mechanism? a) receives and processes information b) controls effectors c) establishes a set point d) detects a change in the value of a variable
D
which of the following is NOT a known effect of illegal use of anabolic steroids in large dosages? a) increased muscle size b) kidney damage c) diminished testosterone secretion d) increased cardiovascular fitness e) sterility
D
which of the following is mismatched? a) central nervous system - brain b) autonomic nervous system - sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions c) peripheral nervous system - spinal nerves d) somatic nervous system - sensory division of PNS e) peripheral nervous system - sensory and motor divisions
D
which of the following is not a function of connective tissue? a) transport b) support c) storage d) contraction e) insulation
D
which of the following movements is an example of extension? a) bending forward at the waist b) kneeling c) raising your arm laterally d) using your finger to point out an area on a map e) shrugging your shoulders
D
which of the following muscles contracts during forced expiration? a) scalenes b) diaphragm c) linea alba d) internal intercostals e) external intercostals
D
which of the following statements is false? a) secretory epithelial cells are usually cuboidal or columnar in shape b) the movement of materials through the epithelium is enhanced by simple squamous epithelium c) stratified epithelium is adapted for a protective role d) columnar epithelial cells promote diffusion e) cuboidal epithelium is found in areas where absorption occurs
D
Hydrocephaly is a condition whereby cerebrospinal fluid accumulates around the brain. What supportive cells continue CSF production despite it backing up in the subarachnoid space? a) astrocytes b) microglial cells c) oligodendrocytes d) macrophages e) ependymal cells
E
Three-year old Trevor is admitted to the hospital with stenosis (narrowing) of the foramen magnum, which directly affects which of these structures? a) optic nerve b) carotid arteries c) internal jugular veins d) facial and vestibulocochlear nerves e) spinal cord
E
a tissue has the following characteristics: abundant extracellular matrix, abundant collagen fibers, collagen fibers mainly parallel to each other. Which of the following injuries results in damage to mainly this kind of tissue? a) broken femur bone b) bullet penetrating the abdominal wall c) broken nose d) tear in the cartilage of the knee e) tear in the tissue that attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to bone
E
all cells attached to the basement membrane but not all cells reach free surfaces is a description of a) mesoderm b) neuroglia c) membrane d) dendrite e) pseudostratified columnar epithelium
E
which of the following is inserted on the calcaneus by the Achilles tendon? a) tibialis posterior b) peroneus longus c) peroneus brevis d) extensor digitorum longus e) gastrocnemius
E
what is the correct complementary strand to CATGTC?
GTACAG
The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "B" represent?
MCL (tibial)
which mature cells do not have a nucleus?
RBCs
what genotype will result in a male?
XY
lyme disease is
a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks
how does a buffer help a solution maintain pH?
a buffer can act like a base if pH is acidic, and it can act like an acid if pH is basic
a substance that will increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being permanently changed is called
a catalyst
denaturation
a change in the 3D structure of a protein
a molecule is
a combination of atoms held together by chemical bonds
the leading strand of DNA is formed as
a continuous strand, adding to the 3" end
what is a scar?
a large amount of granulation tissue converted to dense irregular collagenous connective tissue during tissue repair
dense regular collagenous connective tissue would be found in
a ligament
a cut through the long axis of an organ is
a longitudinal section
an eccentric contraction is described as
a muscle produced tension, but the length of the muscle is increasing
an anion is
a negatively charged ion
an organelle is
a small structure within a cell
an organ is
a structure composed of several tissue types
synovial fluid is
a thin lubricating film covering the surface of a joint
in order to study the detail of internal cell parts, it would be best to use
a transmission electron microscope (TEM)
here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. what does "D" represent?
abdominal cavity
the cavity of the body immediately inferior to the diaphragm is the ___
abdominal cavity
solubility refers to
ability of one substance to dissolve in another
a base is a proton donor or acceptor
acceptor
what genetic disorder is a type of dwarfism characterized by shortening of the upper and lower limbs?
achondroplasia
what does "A" represent on the diagram?
actin myofilament
what is the girdle of glycoproteins just below the tight junction between epithelial cells?
adhesion belt
what type of cell contains large amounts of lipids?
adipocytes
the presence of a cellular clock, presence of "death genes" and damage to DNA or mitochondria are all theories of
aging
what genetic disorder is characterized by the lack of skin, hair, and eye coloration?
albinism
a different form of an allele at a particular locus that can have no effect to major effects on the phenotype is ___ a) allelic varient b) mutated allele c) polymorphism d) all of the above
all of the above
which of the following factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions? a) temperature b) concentration of reactants c) presence of catalysts d) presence of enzymes
all of the above
if an albino (aa) mates with a person homozygous for normal pigment (AA), then their offspring will be ___
all offspring will be normal but carriers
an organic molecule consists of C H O N S. the molecule is probably
an AA
arthritis is
an inflammation of any joint
all of the synthesis reactions of the body are called
anabolism
the type of movements where one linear part of the body bens relative to another part would be ___ movements
angular
The figure illustrates bones, fontanels, and sutures on the fetal skull. What does "B" represent?
anterior/frontal fontanel
what type of gland discharges fragments of the gland's cells during secretion?
apocrine
light skinned races such as caucasians have
approximately the same number of melanocytes as races with darker skins
lipids ___
are an important component of cell membranes
nucleotides___
are the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA (nucleic acids)
chromosomes that are NOT associated with sex determination are known as
autosomes
chromosomes that are not associated with sex determination are known as
autosomes
the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of carbon 12 is called
avogadro's number
this is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. what does "E" represent?
axon
what type of joint is the most movable?
ball and socket
at the base of each cilium is a structure called the
basal body
what is the most common form of skin cancer?
basal cell carcinoma
which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance? a) color blindness b) major thalassemia c) beta thalassemia d) polymorphism e) ABO blood groups
beta thalassemia
harry is told he has structural damage to his dentoalveolar joint. where specifically is the problem area?
between his tooth socket and tooth
what does "E" represent?
biceps brachii
this is a picture of a skin wound. what does "A" represent?
blood clot
this is a picture of a skin wound. what does "C" represent?
blood vessel
osteomyelitis is
bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection
two solutions A & B have the same osmolality therefore ___
both solutions have the same number of solute particles
which of the following is not a use of xray imaging? a) breast cancer screening in mammography b) upper digestive tract abnormalities following barium ingestion c) brain tumor progression d) vertebral fractures
brain tumor progression
sternal region
breast bone
gluteal region
buttocks
protein synthesis in neurons occurs in the
cell bodies or soma
this is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. what does "B" represent?
cell body
the energy stored in ATP is a form of ___ energy
chemical
potential energy stored in bonds of molecules is
chemical energy
which of the following would be classified as a lipid? a) cholesterol - a steroid b) alanine - an amino acid c) starch - a polysaccharide d) catalase - an enzyme e) sucrose - a disaccharide
cholesterol - a steroid
before cell division occurs, DNA in the nucleus is condensed to form
chromatin
what type of gene expression are the ABO blood types an example of?
codominance
intervertebral discs exhibit a great deal of strength because of the presence of thick bundles of
collagen
cells produce and respond to chemical and electrical signals as a means of
communication
lamella are characteristics of what type of bone?
compact
electrolytes are substances that
conduct electricity when dissolved in water
what particle is formed when an acid loses a proton?
conjugate base
marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder associated with ___ tissue
connective
what type of tissue possesses an abundant extracellular matrix?
connective
the stratum basale
contains cells that undergo mitosis to form new epidermal cells
DNA
contains the sugar deoxyribose
muscle tissue is characterized by
contractility
the presence of water in our bodies allows us to
cool the body with sweat maintain a fairly constant body temp provide an environment for chemical reactions keep tissues moist and reduce friction
raising your arm to shoulder level is accomplished almost entirely by what muscle?
deltoid
what does "A" represent?
deltoid
this is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. what does "A" represent?
dendrite
what type of process conducts nerve impulses toward the cell body?
dendrite
DNA contains
deoxyribose
this is a picture of a skin wound. what does "B" represent?
dermis
this is a picture of a skin wound. what does "D" represent?
dermis
epithelial tissue that can stretch or is subjected to stress would have many
desmosomes
what is a disk shaped structure with especially adhesive glycoproteins around each cell that bind cells to one another?
desmosomes
a cell with abundant peroxisomes would most likely be involved in
detoxification activities
here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. what does "B" represent?
diaphragm
the gallbladder, liver, and stomach are all part of the
digestive system
the enteric nervous system consists of plexuses within the walls of the
digestive tract
what technique creates a 3D dynamic image of blood vessels?
digital subtraction angiography
the diagram illustrates glands of the skin. what does "C" represent?
eccrine sweat gland
which of the following terms correctly identifies the name of an embryonic germ layer? a) ectoderm b) exoderm c) epiderm
ectoderm
an accumulation of fluid in the tissue spaces is called
edema
chemical substances that dissolve in water or react with water to release ions are known as
electrolytes
cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called
electrolytes because they can conduct an electrical current
covalent bonds form when
electrons are shared between two atoms
which organelle may or may not have ribosomes attached?
endoplasmic reticulum
if the products in the reaction contain less potential energy than the reactants, ___
energy has been released by the breaking of molecular bonds
if the partial energy in the chemical bonds of the reactants is greater than the potential energy in the chemical bonds of the product, ___
energy is released by the reaction
what type of tissue has little ECM because it forms covering and lining layers for body structures?
epithelial
if the ratio of products are stable the reaction is in
equilibrium
which back muscle inserts on the ribs and bertebrae?
erector spinae
the opposite of inversion is
eversion
With aging, individuals tend to feel colder and usually need the thermostat in their home set higher in the winter to feel warm enough. This is probably because the elderly...
experience a decrease in the thickness of their subQ fat layer
the opposite of flexion is
extension
the diagram shows abdominal muscles. what is "C"?
external oblique
the environment outside the plasma membrane is most appropriately referred to as
extracellular
what type of cells form protein fibers in connective tissue proper?
fibroblasts
The figure illustrates bones of the right lower limb. What does "D" represent?
fibula
which of the following is an organelle of locomotion? a) ER b) golgi apparatus c) nucleolus d) peroxisome e) flagellum
flagellum
there are more microbial cells than human cells in your bod and the health of this microbiota clearly influences human well being. how many microbes are there?
for every cell, there are 10 microbial cells
a neuron is receiving a stimulus which gets stronger and stronger. the result is
frequency of occurrence of action potentials increases
ringworm is an infection of the skin, hair, and nails caused by a
fungus
reduction is the ___ of electrons
gain
what is a small protein channel that allows the passage of ions and small molecules between cells?
gap junction
the actual genetic constitution of an individual is its
genotype
an organism's genetic makeup is its ___ while its physical appearance is its ___
genotype, phenotype
proteoglycan molecules in the matrix of cartilage ___
give cartilage its resilient nature
which of the following is NTO true of a transmission electron microscope (TEM)? a) the limit of resolution is about 0.1 nm b) electrons are passed through the specimen c) gives the clearest 3D images d) the specimen must be fixed in plastic e) the electron beam is focused with electromagnets
gives the clearest 3D images
consider the following five terms. which term does not belong with the other four terms? a) disaccharide b) sucrose c) lactose d) maltose e) glucose
glucose
a common site for injections is the
gluteus medius
inguinal region
groin
hydrogen bonds are important for all of the following except
help atoms give up or receive electrons
what genetic disorder is the failure to produce clotting factors?
hemophilia
what results from damage to the annulus fibrosis and release of nucleus pulposus?
herniated disk
what term means that both alleles are different?
heterozygous
the study of tissues is
histology
what is the microscope study of tissues?
histology
chromosome pairs are called
homologous pairs
what term means that both alleles are the same?
homozygous
the genotype WW is best described as
homozygous dominant
what type of connective tissue forms most of the skeleton before it is replaced by bone?
hyaline cartilage
a subcutaneous injection delivers medication into the
hypodermis
in reference to body temperature in living organisms, the set point can be defined as the
ideal normal value
what term describes the inheritance of a trait which in the heterozygote has an intermediate expression between either allele?
incomplete dominance
when the dominant allele does not completely mask the effects of the recessive allele in the heterozygote, it is called ___
incomplete dominance
as muscle activity increases, the body temperature ___
increases
directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. what does "E" represent?
inferior
The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "E" represent?
inferior oblique
The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "A" represent?
inferior rectus
the time between cell divisions is called
interphase
the conversion between different states of energy ___ (potential to kinetic)
is not 100% efficient and typically generates heat
the central nervous system
is the site for processing information
a ___ is a display of the chromosomes of a somatic cell during metaphase of mitosis
karyotype
a display of the chromosomes of a somatic cell during metaphase of mitosis is the
karyotype
as skin cells move toward the surface of the body, they produce a protein that reduces water loss. this process is called
keratinization
inorganic chemists study substances ____ carbon while organic chemists study ____ carbon
lacking, containing
the time between application of the stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of contraction is called the ___ phase
latent or lag
directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. what does "D" represent?
lateral
The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "C" represent?
lateral (fibular) collateral ligament (LCL)
The figure illustrates structures in the right temporomandibular joint (lateral view). What does "B" represent?
lateral ligament
The figure illustrates a posterior view of the right knee joint. What does "D" represent?
lateral meniscus
The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "D" represent?
lateral rectus
directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. what does "B" represent?
left
what could be used to study general features of cells?
light microscope
in an x-ray film of a skeleton, dense tissue appears ___ because they ___ xrays and the less dense tissue appears ___ because they ___ xrays
light, absorb dark, do not absorb
the diagram shows abdominal muscles. what is "B"?
linea alba
which organic group does a steroid belong to?
lipids
the specific location of a gene on a chromosome is its
locus
a neutral atom will become a cation if it
loses electrons
the cell is the basic unit of life. all cellular structures exhibit special functions. match the structure with its function. what is the function of "E"?
lysosome, contains digestive enzymes
what organelle functions to destroy nonfunctional organelles?
lysosomes
The figure illustrates structures in the right temporomandibular joint (lateral view). What does "E" represent?
mandible
The figure illustrates the joints and bones of the rib cage. What does "D" represent?
manubrium
the amount of matter in an object is its
mass
what is "B"? face muscles
masseter
directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. what does "C" represent?
medial
here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. what does "A" represent?
mediastinum
a thin layer of tissue that covers an organ or lines a cavity is a
membrane
what structure does "B" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?
membrane channel protein
ion movement across the plasma membrane creates an electrical charge difference known as
membrane potential
This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What structures does "A" represent?
mesentery
the cell is the basic unit of life. all cellular structures exhibit special functions. match the structure with its function. what is the function of "B"?
mitochondria, major site of ATP synthesis when oxygen is available
carbon dioxide is considered a
molecule and a compound
large carbohydrates are formed from smaller units called
monosaccharides
support cells of the brain are called
neuroglia
this is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. what does "D" represent?
neuroglial cells
Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "C" represent on the diagram?
nitrogen
a mistake during segregation of chromosomes is called
nondisjunction
Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "B" represent on the diagram?
nonpolar (hydrophobic) region
this is a diagram of a multipolar neuron. what does "C" represent?
nucleus
the cell is the basic unit of life. all cellular structures exhibit special functions. match the structure with its function. what is the function of "D"?
nucleus, control center of the cell
The figure illustrates bones, fontanels, and sutures on the fetal skull. What does "E" represent?
occipital bone
in the process of diffusion, net movement of substances is always from a region
of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
which of the following best describes a proton? a) one negative charge, no mass, found in orbitals b) no charge, mass of one, found in nucleus c) one positive charge, mass of one, found in nucleus d) subatomic particle with no electric charge
one positive charge, one mass, found in nucleus
what is "E"? face muscles
orbicularis oculi
internal structures of a cell that carry out specialized metabolic tasks are called
organelles
the brachioradialis is named for its
origin and insertion
what kind of cells form bone?
osteoblasts
cells that maintain bone are called
osteocytes
the cell is the basic unit of life. all cellular structures exhibit special functions. match the structure with its function. what is the function of "A"?
outer boundary of the cell, controls entry and exit of substances
Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "E" represent on the diagram?
oxygen
water accounts for 50% of weight of a young adult female and 60% of young adult male. what kind of atom is found at "D"?
oxygen atom
a cleft palate results from incomplete development of the ___
palatine bones
this is the dermal layer closest to the epidermis
papillary layer
which type of circuit is associated with complex neuronal processing, such as solving mathematical equations?
parallel after-discharge
The figure illustrates bones, fontanels, and sutures on the fetal skull. What does "A" represent?
parietal bone
This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What structures does "B" represent?
parietal peritoneum (lines cavity)
The figure illustrates bones of the right lower limb. What does "B" represent?
patella
what does "B" represent?
pectoralis major
which muscle will depress the scapula or elevate the ribs?
pectoralis minor
here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. what does "E" represent?
pelvic cavity
the predominant lipid in the cell membrane is a
phospholipid
what structure does "A" represent on the diagram of the plasma membrane?
phospholipid bilayer
Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "D" represent on the diagram?
phosphorus
an investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how changes in pH affect the function of enzymes on digestion is most likely to be ___
physiologist
the joint between the head of the radius and the proximal end of the ulna is a ___ joint
pivot
the joint between the articular processes of adjacent vertebrae is a ___ joint
plane
a mutation involving a single nucleotide is a ___ mutation
point
Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "A" represent on the diagram?
polar (hydrophilic) region
phospholipids have a hydrophilic end which is
polar and water soluble
when more than one gene pair is involved in an inheritance pattern, it is called
polygenic
a person's height, intellignece, eye color, and skin color are examples of
polygenic traits
Imagine the following scenario: Blood pressure decreases below normal levels.→ Blood flow to the heart decreases → Heart is unable to pump as much blood.→ Blood pressure decreases even more. This is an example of _____ feedback.
positive
Mary Lu is experiencing pain from her sacroiliac joint. In what region of her body is she most likely feeling pain?
posterior pelvic region
The figure illustrates bones, fontanels, and sutures on the fetal skull. What does "D" represent?
posterior/occipital fontanel
The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "E" represent?
postsynaptic membrane
posttranscriptional processing is the modification of
pre-mRNA to form functional mRNA
The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "C" represent?
presynaptic terminal
which is determined by the sequence of AA bound by peptide bonds?
primary protein
which of the following is not a function of carbs in the body? a) structural component of DNA b) protection c) bulk in feces d) energy e) structural component of RNA
protection
which function of proteins is NOT correctly matches with the example? a) transport - Hgb b) structure - collagen and keratin c) regulation - enzymes and hormones d) protection - packing around organs and glands e) contraction - actin and myosin in muscles
protection - packing around organs and glands
the BBB ___
protects neurons from toxic waste substances in the blood
source of nitrogen for the body?
protein
which of the following matrix molecules tends to trap large quantities of water?
proteoglycan
genes that play a role in the regulation of mitosis are called
proto-oncogenes
MRI is based on the movement of ___ in a magnetic field
protons
mass # of an atom is
protons and neutrons
this condition is characterized by a thicker than normal stratum corneum producing large silvery scales
psoriasis
which of the following activities is a function of the plasma membrane? a) digestion of unneeded cell organelles b) recognition of bacterial cells by the immune system c) transport of products from the nucleus to the endoplasmic reticulum d) cell metabolism e) detoxification
recognition of bacterial cells by the immune system
the diagram shows abdominal muscles. what is "D"?
rectus abdominis
in ___, the new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed
regeneration
a buffer will
resist drastic changes in the pH of solutions
muscles exhibit the property of excitability. this means that the muscle
responds to stimulation by the nervous system
nerve cells generate electrical signals in response to changes in the environment. this is an example of
responsiveness
This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What structures does "E" represent?
retroperitoneal organs
neurons arranged in a circular pathway form ___
reverberating circuits
directional terms are important in the study of anatomy. what does "A" represent?
right
the cell is the basic unit of life. all cellular structures exhibit special functions. match the structure with its function. what is the function of "C"?
rough endoplasmic reticulum, synthesizes proteins and transports them to the Golgi apparatus
a vertical plane that separates the body into right and left portions is called a
sagittal plane
The figure illustrates bones, fontanels, and sutures on the fetal skull. What does "C" represent?
sagittal suture
a neurtal atom contains
same number of protons and electrons
what is a malignant neoplasm derived from connective tissue?
sarcoma
what does "E" represent on the diagram?
sarcomere
the diagram illustrates glands of the skin. what does "B" represent?
sebaceous gland
the primary structure of a protein is
sequence of AA in a polypeptide chain
the diagram shows abdominal muscles. what is "A"?
serratus anterior
what does "C" represent?
serratus anterior
the subscapular and subacromial bursa are associated with the ___ joint
shoulder
what genetic disorder is the inability to produce normal hemoglobin?
sickle cell disease
what type of epithelial tissue is found in the kidney tubules?
simple cuboidal epithelium
if one of the functions of the capillaries is to supply blood cells with oxygen and nutrients, you would expect the capillary walls to consist of ___
simple squamous epithelium
which organ system is the location of blood cell production?
skeletal
which type of muscle tissue possesses striations?
skeletal and cardiac
the type of muscle found in the walls of blood vessels is
smooth
what type of muscle is found in the wall of the digestive tract?
smooth
what type of muscle tissue causes peristalsis?
smooth
the three forms of matter are
solids, liquids, and gases
an anatomic image created from sound waves is a
sonogram
what is the only human cell with a flagellum?
spermatozoa
what type of cells have the potential to differentiate to form adult cell types?
stem cells
The figure illustrates the joints and bones of the rib cage. What does "A" represent?
sternal symphyses
what is "C"? face muscles
sternocleidomastoid
The figure illustrates the joints and bones of the rib cage. What does "E" represent?
sternum
the layer of epidermis that undergoes mitosis and forms new epidermal cells is the
stratum basale
the figure illustrates keratinization in the epidermis. what layer of the epidermis is "E"?
stratum basale/germanitivum
the figure illustrates keratinization in the epidermis. what layer of the epidermis is "A"?
stratum corneum
this stratum contains many layers of dead squamous cells
stratum corneum
the figure illustrates keratinization in the epidermis. what layer of the epidermis is "C"?
stratum granulosum
anatomy is the study of
structure
The figure illustrates structures in the right temporomandibular joint (lateral view). What does "C" represent?
styloid process
The figure illustrates structures in the right temporomandibular joint (lateral view). What does "D" represent?
stylomandibular ligament
this is a picture of a skin wound. what does "E" represent?
subQ fat
which of the following is a carb? a) triglyceride b) Hgb c) cholesterol d) animal fat e) sucrose
sucrose
ribose is the
sugar found in RNA and ATP
The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "B" represent?
superior oblique
The figure illustrates a lateral view of the right eyeball. What does "C" represent?
superior rectus
the opposite of pronation is
supination
the junction of two pubic bones is the
symphysis pubis
The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "D" represent?
synaptic cleft
The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "B" represent?
synaptic vesicle
what type of membranes line joint cavities?
synovial
transcription ___ a) requires 3 types of RNA b) synthesizes RNA from DNA c) occurs at the ribosomes d) copies information from mRNA to tRNA e) synthesizes DNA from RNA
synthesizes RNA from DNA
which subdivision of anatomy involves the study of organs that function together?
systemic
The figure illustrates bones of the right lower limb. What does "E" represent?
tarsals
what is "A"? face muscles
temporalis
which muscle abducts and flexes the thigh?
tensor fascia latae
dendrites are ___
the input part of the neuron
in DNA replication ___
the leading strand is formed as a continuous strand
translation requires
the pairing of codons on mRNA with anticodons on tRNA
why does muscle activity affect the temperature of the body?
the rate of chemical reactions increases in muscle fibers during contraction, so the rate of heat production also increases
the visceral pleura is
the serous membrane that covers the lungs
electrons are ___
the subatomic particles most involved in bonding behavior of atoms
why are cyanide compounds lethal to humans?
they interfere with the production of ATP
here is a figure showing major trunk cavities and other structures. what does "C" represent?
thoracic cavity
the extensor pollicis brevis moves the ___
thumb
The figure illustrates bones of the right lower limb. What does "C" represent?
tibia
the type of cell connection that serves as a permeability barrier is a
tight junction
what type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder?
transitional epithelium
which abdominal wall muscle inserts on the xiphoid process and the linea alba?
transversus abdominis
what is "D"? face muscles
trapezius
down syndrome is an example of an aneuploidy called
trisomy 21
the humerus articulates with the ulna at the
trochlea
positive feedback mechanisms are more commonly seen in ___ individuals
unhealthy
brachial region
upper arm
which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not DNA?
uracil
what system removes nitrogenous waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance?
urinary
organelles
vary in number and type depending on cell function
the opening in vertebrae for the spinal cord is the
vertebral foramen
This is a sagittal section through the abdominopelvic cavity. What structures does "C" represent?
visceral peritoneum (covers organs)
The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse. What does "A" represent?
voltage gated calcium channel
in the inflammatory response, clotting proteins form a clot. this action ___
walls off foreign particles and microbes
an individual hydrogen bond in a sample of would be described as
weak and intermolecular
IMF are
weak electrostatic attractions that exist between 2 molecules
osteoarthritis usually is caused by
wear and tear of the joint
genes on the X chromosome are
x-linked
genes that are passed from male to male are called
y-linked
what does "D" represent on the diagram?
z disk
The figure illustrates structures in the right temporomandibular joint (lateral view). What does "A" represent?
zygomatic arch
getting a kiss on the cheek means this bone is involved
zygomatic bone
