Assignment Unit 3: Chapter 7 (Skeletal System: Part A)

The thoracic cage has (number) pairs of ribs.

12

The thoracic cage has BLANK (number) pairs of ribs.

12

The thoracic part of the vertebral column is made of ______ vertebrae.

12

The thoracic region of the vertebral column consists of BLANK thoracic vertebrae

12

How many pairs of ribs are in a normal adult? Multiple choice question. 6 pairs 10 pairs 12 pairs 24 pairs

12 pairs

The human body has (number) ribs, with one on the left and one on the right of each thoracic vertebra.

24

How many bones fuse to form the sacrum (in most individuals)? Multiple choice question. 3 4 5 6 7

5

How many lumbar vertebrae are present in the human body? Multiple choice question. 3 5 7 9 11 13

5

The base of the vertebral column is composed of (number) fused vertebrae and is called the sacrum.

5

The lumbar region of the vertebral column consists of (number) lumbar vertebrae.

5

The cervical portion of the vertebral column is made up of BLANK e(number) individual vertebrae.

7

The neck is composed of ______ vertebrae. Multiple choice question. 5 cervical 12 thoracic 7 cervical 5 lumbar

7 cervical

Label A point to the forehead, Label B point to the upper nose, Label C point to the cheeks, Label D point to the jaw, and Label E point to the eyes.

A Frontal B Nasal C Zygomatic D Maxilla E Sphenoid F Vomer

The anterior and left lateral view of the human face shows the locations of the paranasal sinuses. Label A point to the head, label B point to the eyebrows, label C point to the nose, and label D point to the cheeks.

A frontal sinus B ethmoidal sinus C sphenoidal sinus D maxillary sinus

Label A point to the bottom of the inverted U-like structure beside upper teeth, label B point to the thin line in the lateral side of the skull, label C point to a small oval-shaped piece near a hole at the bottom center of the skull, label D point to the curved bone beside the teeth, and label E point to the area close to the teeth.

A palatine bone B lambdoid suture C occipital condyle D zygomatic arch E sphenoid bone

vitamin A vitamin C vitamin D

A - osteoblast and osteoclast activity C - collagen synthesis D - calcium absorption

Vitamin ______ is necessary for osteoblast activity and vitamin ______ is necessary for collagen synthesis. Multiple choice question. A; D D; C C; A A; C

A; C

After bones have formed via intramembranous or endochondral ossification, what happens to the bone? Multiple choice question. Bone is continually remodeled by osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Bone slowly starts to break down, and bone mass decreases by 10% each year Osteoblasts and osteoclasts turn into osteocytes, and bone remains unchanged.

Bone is continually remodeled by osteoclasts and osteoblasts.

Vitinam D BLANK is necessary for the proper absorption of calcium by the body and thus is vital for proper bone formation.

D

True or false: Most bones of the skeleton are intramembranous bones.

False most bones are endochondral

Where is the vertebral column located? Multiple choice question. It extends from the skull to the pelvis. It forms the pelvic girdle. It extends from the shoulder to the fingers. It forms the rib cage.

It extends from the skull to the pelvis.

Which of the following statements describe the mandible? Multiple select question. It is attached to several bones of the facial skeleton. It is a movable bone. It is attached to the cranium. It is an immovable bone.

It is a movable bone. It is attached to the cranium.

What are the three characteristics of paranasal sinuses? Multiple select question. They increase the intensity of the voice. They reduce the weight of the skull. They are air-filled cavities. They house the receptors responsible for the sense of smell They are connected to the cranial cavity.

They increase the intensity of the voice. They reduce the weight of the skull. They are air-filled cavities.

How many bones make up the facial skeleton? Multiple choice question. Fourteen immovable bones. Eight immovable bones and one movable bone. Thirteen immovable bones and one movable bone. Twenty-one immovable bones and one movable bone.

Thirteen immovable bones and one movable bone.

What is the function of osteoclasts? Multiple choice question. To form and deposit new bone. To form and deposit cartilaginous models of endochondral bones. To break down the calcified matrix of bones To act as stem cells from which new bone cells originate.

To break down the calcified matrix of bones

True or false: A function of bones is to provide support for the body. True false question.

True

The BLANK skeleton is made of bones and cartilage that support and protect the head, neck, and trunk.

axial

The bones of the head, neck, and trunk are part of the BLANK skeleton, and bones of the limbs are part of the BLANK skeleton

axial appendicular

Which are the two major portions of the skeleton? Multiple choice question. axial and appendicular pelvic and pectoral compact and spongy

axial and appendicular

n addition to providing support, movement, and protection, bones also function in the formation of BLANK cells and the storage of minerals.

blood

Hematopoiesis is the process of ______. Multiple choice question. blood formation nerve formation bone development mineral deposition

blood formation

A typical vertebra has a thick, drum-shaped part that forms its anterior. This portion of the vertebra is its ______. Multiple choice question. body stem arch foramen

body

To the W-shaped structure of the vertebra, there is a two-leg uneven spherical-shaped structure at the bottom. An arrow point to the rough spherical-shaped structure. vertebral arch body pedicle spinous process transverse process

body

What part of the skeleton is typically composed of four bones that fuse around the age of 25? Multiple choice question. sacrum coccyx wrist skull

coccyx

What part of the skeleton is typically composed of four bones that fuse around the age of 25? Multiple choice question. skull sacrum wrist coccyx

coccyx

he skull is composed of two main parts: eight bones make up the BLANK and fourteen bones make up the BLANK skeleton.

cranium facial

Most bones of the body are ______ bones. Multiple choice question. fibrocartilage intramembranous endochondral

endochondral

The femur is an example of a long bone. It has two expanded portions at each end: the proximal and distal BLANK

epiphysis

What is the end of a long bone called? Multiple choice question. articular cartilage diaphysis spongy bone epiphysis

epiphysis

hoose the four paranasal sinuses. Multiple select question. temporal parietal ethmoidal sphenoidal frontal maxillary

ethmoidal sphenoidal frontal maxillary

Incomplete intramembranous ossification in an infant skull results in the presence of soft spots called

fontanels

What is the large opening at the base of the skull through which the brainstem connects to the spinal cord? Multiple choice question. foramen magnum supraorbital foramen external acoustic meatus jugular foramen

foramen magnum

How many vertebrae fuse to form the coccyx? Multiple choice question. two four five seven

four

The anterior portion of the skull, which includes the forehead, is formed by the ______ bone. Multiple choice question. frontal occipital sphenoid parietal

frontal

the BLANK bone is a cranial bone that forms the anterior portion of the skull called the forehead.

frontal

axial skeleton

frontal bone vertebrae ribs

The process of blood cell formation is called

hematopoiesis

Which is a factor that directly influences bone development, growth, and repair? Multiple choice question. age gender hormones

hormones

Select three factors that affect bone development, growth, and repair. Multiple select question. platelets hormones physical exercise blood glucose nutrition

hormones physical exercise nutrition

What is a function of the skeletal system? Multiple choice question. house blood-producing cells produce hormones protect the body from pathogens

house blood-producing cells

What is a function of the skeletal system? Multiple choice question. protect the body from pathogens produce hormones house blood-producing cells produce movement

house blood-producing cells

The extracellular matrix of bone tissue includes collagen as well as abundant inorganic salts which are found in the form of a mineral called ______. Multiple choice question. trabeculae hydroxyapatite osteonectin osteocyte

hydroxyapatite

In the spinal column, vertebrae are separated by cartilaginous BLANK discs

intervertebral

Flat bones, such as bones of the skull, that develop from sheetlike layers of connective tissue, are called ______. Multiple choice question. layered bones sheet bones endochondral bones intramembranous bones

intramembranous bones

Some bones develop within sheetlike layers of connective tissue, and they are called ______ bones. Other bones develop from a model of hyaline cartilage and are called ______ bones.ntramembranous; intracartilaginous endochondral; intramembranous intracartilaginous; intramembranous intramembranous; endochondral

intramembranous; endochondral

The basic cylinder-shaped unit of a compact bone consists of a central canal and several layers of extracellular matrix called BLANK which are clustered around the central canal.

lamellae

The bony matrix of compact bone is organized into concentric layers of extracellular matrix called ______ that encircle central canals. Multiple choice question. canaliculi lacunae trabeculae lamellae

lamellae

the BLANK process of the temporal bone provides attachment for neck muscles, while the BLANK process of the temporal bone serves as an attachment for muscles associated with the tongue and the pharynx.

mastoid styloid

What is the name of the prominent bulge located posterior and inferior to the external acoustic meatus? Multiple choice question. styloid process temporal process occipital condyle mastoid process

mastoid process

Which of the following are features of the temporal bone? mastoid process mental foramen temporal process external acoustic meatus mandibular fossae styloid process

mastoid process external acoustic meatus mandibular fossae styloid process

The two bony projections under the ear are the rounded ______ and the pointed _______. Multiple choice question. mastoid process; styloid process zygomatic process; palatine process styloid process; zygomatic process palatine process; mastoid process

mastoid process; styloid process

One of the fourteen facial bones is the ______. Multiple choice question. maxilla sphenoid frontal ethmoid

maxilla

The upper jaw is formed by two bones, called the

maxilla

What bone(s) form(s) the upper jaw? Multiple choice question. mandible maxillae vomer ethmoid

maxillae

The anterior roof of the mouth, called the hard palate, is formed by the BLANK bones

maxillary

Which of the statements following accurately describes osteoblasts? Multiple choice question. bone marrow cells that have the ability to form blood cell precursors mesenchymal cells that have differentiated into bone-removing cells mesenchymal cells that have differentiated into bone-forming cells

mesenchymal cells that have differentiated into bone-forming cells

The bone(s) that form the bridge of the nose is/are the BLANK bone(s)

nasal

What bone is long, thin, rectangular, and forms the bridge of the nose? Multiple choice question. lacrimal bone maxilla bone nasal bone ethmoid bone

nasal bone

The back of the skull and the base of the cranium are formed by the BLANK bone

occipital

Which bone contains the foramen magnum? Multiple choice question. occipital parietal temporal maxilla

occipital

Name three of the eight bones of the cranium. Multiple select question. occipital Mandible zygomatic sphenoid parietal maxillary

occipital sphenoid parietal

Which bone forms the base of the cranium and the back of the skull? Multiple choice question. parietal bone temporal bone sphenoid bone occipital bone

occipital bone

What is the name of the prominent bulge located posterior and inferior to the external acoustic meatus styloid process temporal process mastoid process occipital condyle

occipital condyle

Where are the parietal bones of the cranium located? Multiple choice question. on the back of the skull at the front of the skull on each side of the skull

on each side of the skull

Cells that deposit and form new bone during osteogenesis are called

osteoblasts

Cells called BLANK are responsible for the break down of the calcified extracellular matrix in bone.

osteoclasts

What is the function of the cranium? Multiple choice question. protect the brain assist in vision assist in breathing

protect the brain

appendicular skeleton

scapula femur carpals

What is hydroxyapatite? Multiple choice question. another name for bone formation a type of collagen fiber small crystals of calcium phosphate salts the process of bone breakdown

small crystals of calcium phosphate salts

The BLANK suture is located between the temporal bone and the parietal bone.

squamous

What is the name of the suture forming the joint between the temporal bone and parietal bone? Multiple choice question. sagittal suture lambdoid suture squamous suture coronal suture

squamous suture

What is the name of the suture forming the joint between the temporal bone and parietal bone? Multiple choice question. squamous suture coronal suture sagittal suture lambdoid suture

squamous suture

The anatomical name for the breastbone is the

sternum

What is the anatomical name for the breastbone? Multiple choice question. scapula sternum rib clavicle

sternum

What are the four major functions of a bone, an organ of the skeletal system? Multiple select question. blood storage vitamin D breakdown tissue repair support and protection attachment for muscles storage of inorganic salts blood cell formation

support and protection attachment for muscles storage of inorganic salts blood cell formation

The BLANK bones form parts of the sides and the base of the cranium

temporal

The external acoustic meatus, mastoid process, and styloid process are special features of what bone? Multiple choice question. frontal zygomatic temporal ethmoid parietal

temporal

the external acoustic meatus, mastoid process, and styloid process are special features of what bone? Multiple choice question. temporal zygomatic frontal ethmoid parietal

temporal

What bone forms the side of the skull around the ear? Multiple choice question. temporal bone sphenoid bone parietal bone occipital bone

temporal bone

Each mastoid process is located on a(n) ______ bone and provides attachment for ______ muscles. Multiple choice question. mandible; tongue parietal; forehead occipital; facial temporal; neck

temporal; neck

Each mastoid process is located on a(n) ______ bone and provides attachment for ______ muscles. Multiple choice question. parietal; forehead mandible; tongue occipital; facial temporal; neck

temporal; neck

What locations are formed partly by the maxillary bones? Multiple select question. the cheeks the anterior roof of the mouth the floor of the orbits the lower jaw

the anterior roof of the mouth the floor of the orbits

What are vertebrae? Multiple choice question. the small bones in the middle ear the bones that form the thoracic cage the bones that form the backbone the bones in the hand

the bones that form the backbone

What structure is protected by the skull? Multiple choice question. the nose the heart the brain

the brain

Please fill blanks with numbers: The facial skeleton is comprised of BLANK immovable bone(s) and one BLANK movable bone(s)

thirteen one

The ribs, together with the thoracic vertebrae, the sternum, and the costal cartilages, form the

thoracic cage

What three structures make up the thoracic cage? Multiple select question. rectoral girdle thoracic vertebrae lumbar vertebrae ribs sternum cervical vertebrae pelvic girdle

thoracic vertebrae ribs sternum

The bones that form the spinal column, or back bone, are called

vertebrae

The BLANK column extends from the skull to the pelvis and encloses and protects the spinal cord.

vertebral

What is the meaning of the root word acetabul- as in acetabulum? channel bar thin plate vinegar cup

vinegar cup

An arrow point to the small wing-like structure under the mouth region. palatine bone maxilla ethmoid bone vomer

vomer

The BLANK bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum.

vomer

The Blank (a bone) joins the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone to form the nasal septum.

vomer

Which bone is found along the midline of the nasal cavity? Multiple choice question. lacrimal vomer sphenoid palatine

vomer

he midline within the nasal cavity is occupied by a thin flat bone called the BLANK bone

vomer

The bone that forms the bony prominence of the cheeks is the BLANK bone

zygomatic

Indicate three facial bones. Multiple select question. zygomatic temporal maxilla frontal mandible occipital

zygomatic maxilla mandible

Which bone forms the bony prominence of the cheek? Multiple choice question. nasal bone maxilla temporal bone zygomatic bone

zygomatic bone

What is the role of vitamin D in bone development? Multiple choice question. Vitamin D decreases calcium absorption through the small intestine and thus prevents excess calcium in the blood which could result in deformed bones. Vitamin D increases osteoclastic activity and thus helps to break down the bone matrix. Vitamin D increases calcium absorption in the small intestine and thus helps maintain the calcium concentrations necessary to build the bone matrix.

Vitamin D increases calcium absorption in the small intestine and thus helps maintain the calcium concentrations necessary to build the bone matrix.

What is a fontanel? Multiple choice question. a soft spot between cranial bones during development an indentation or depression in a skull bone an extra bone that forms between two cranial bones

a soft spot between cranial bones during development

Which root word means vinegar cup and is used in terms that describe depressions in bones? Multiple choice question. condyl- carp- cribr- acetabul-

acetabul-

Bone remodeling occurs continually as ______ reabsorb bone tissue and ______ replace the bone. The total mass of bone remains nearly constant. Multiple choice question. osteoblasts; osteoclasts Reason: Recall osteoblasts build bone. A way to remember this is that both osteoblast and build have the letter B. osteoclasts; osteoblasts

osteoclasts; osteoblasts

the facial skeleton contains two L-shaped BLANK bones located behind the maxillae.

palatine

Which bone is located behind the maxilla and is shaped like the letter L? zygomatic bone palatine bone ethmoid bone sphenoid bone

palatine bone

What is the term for air-filled cavities within skull bones that reduce the weight of the skull and affect the sound of the voice? Multiple choice question. nasal conchae paranasal sinuses foramen magnum auditory ossicles

paranasal sinuses

Indicate the bone that is part of the cranium. Multiple choice question. nasal parietal zygomatic maxilla

parietal

Indicate the bone that is part of the cranium. Multiple choice question. zygomatic maxilla parietal nasal

parietal

The bones that form part of the roof and side of the cranium are the BLANK bones

parietal

What bones belong to the axial skeleton? Multiple select question. sacrum ribs clavicle ulna vertebrae skull

sacrum ribs vertebrae skull

The parietal bones are fused at the midline along the ______ suture and they meet the frontal bone along the ______ suture. Multiple choice question. sagittal; lambdoid temporal; coronal sagittal; coronal lambdoid; sagittal

sagittal; coronal

The parietal bones are fused at the midline along the ______ suture and they meet the frontal bone along the ______ suture. Multiple choice question. temporal; coronal lambdoid; sagittal sagittal; lambdoid sagittal; coronal

sagittal; coronal