ath test 2
arom
active, unassited range of motion
pain present in active, not in passive
contractile injury
raynauds
contraindication
need to apply cold
first 72 hrs
fibroblasts
immature ct cells released by exudate, come into area and lay down collagen; initating scar
fibrous
inelastic, nonvascular car tissue
muscle weakness and no pain
nerve damage
prom
passive, help of athletic trainer
histamines
promotes further vasodilation
vasodilation
slowing of blood flow, increase in viscosity, stasis, release of chemicals, increase in swelling, increase in capillary permeability
capillary budding
whole new network of cappillaries forms into area-increase blood and oxygen supply needed
initial cold sensation
0-3 mins
special tests
techniques for detecting injury to specific body part or area
palp findings
temp, swelling, pulse, point tenderness, deformity, crepitus, cutaneous sensation, muscle spasm
stress tests
test joint function and integrity of joint structures, primarily noncontractile tissues, assesing ligaments
muscle weakness and pain
muscular strain
pain present in passive and limitation
noncontractile injury
inflammatory phase
0-6 days
length of cold app
15- 30 mins
burning and aching sensation
2- 7 mins
remodeling phase
20-25 wks or more; continued recession, modification, putting finishing touches
neutrophils
only ingesting bacteria
mobilization
optimize healing, muscle regeneration, joint lubrication & nourishment, stiffer stronger ligament, promote healthy joint mechanics
palpation
physically touching, feeling gentle circular pressure than deeper pressure
activity specific function testing
preformance of active movements typically excted during sport
phagocytosis
prepares for repair, clean up debris and waste products
goal of management
prevent further injury, decrease pain and swelling
cold wet wrap
produces a significant reduction subcatenous tissue temps
immobilization
prolong repair & regeneration of damaged tissues, loss of strength, total muscle wt, weakness, joint adhesions, reduced muscle endurance
application of compression can
reduce space available for fluid seepage, and encourage fluid absorption
rrom
resisted, asses muscle strength
active spec look for
response to normal activity, asses strength, agility, flexibilty, balance, joint stability, endurance, coordination, observe part that is causing pain
local factors delay healing
size of injury, amount of hemorrhage & edema, muscle spasm, inflammation, infection, poor blood supply, prolonged immobilzation, excessive motion, repeated adverse stress
indications of app of cold
acute/ chronic pain, muscle spasm/ guarding, acute inflammation or injury, used with exercies
secondary injury zone
after vasodilation; includes all tissues affected by inflammation, edema, and hypxia
immiediate management of ankle sprain should include
application of ice bag, compression and elevation
stress tests used to
asses laxity of ligaments, the amount of give, graded of 3 degree scale
functional tests
based on range of motion
primary injury zone
before vasodilation; hematoma and necrotic tissue
vasoconstriction
bodys attempt to seal broken blood vessels, initates clotting
fibroblasts
cell capable of generating collagen during proliforative phase
necrosis
death of living cells
contraindications of app of cold
decresed cold sensitivity/ hyersenitivity, cold allergy/ cold induced urticaria, circulatory or sensory impairment, raynauds phenomenon
compression effects
decresed hemorrhage, reduces available space for fluid seepage, increase in fluid absorption
hypoxia
disruption of oxygen supply
app of elastic wrap
distal to proximal, should feel firmness not throbbing
effects of movement in inflam
encourages venous return, phagocytosis, edema absorption, prevent contractures and loss of range of motion
elevation
encourages venous return, prevent pooling of blood in extremities, reduce bleeding
effects of movement in repair
fibroblasts told where to lay collagen, movement establishes lines of stress, directs optimal placement of collagen rather than haphazard unorganized
exudate
fluid substance w/ cellular debris; has protein, collagen, fibrin
movement in inflam phase
gentle controlled that progresses to ADL
HOPS
history observation palpation special testing
hematoma
localized mass of blood & lymph confined w/in a space or tissue; formed by blood of broken vessels & damaged tissue
neurologic testing
motor, sensation, and reflex
effects of ice
vasoconstriction, decrease metabolism, tissue temp, edema, muscle spasm, reduces secondary hypoxia, cap permeabilty & pain decrease, analgesic ansthetic, increase collagen viscoisty
heat effects
vasodilation, increase metabolism, bloodflow, tissue temp, inflammation, colagen extensibility; decreased muscle spasm, joint stiffness; analgesic, not an asthetic
day 4-5
weak, vascular ct that has low tensile strength
numbing sensation
5-12 mins
repair phase
6-8 weeks
movement in repair phase
increase in intensity and complexity
2-4 weeks
increase in tensile strength, decrease in vascularity, recession of fibroblasts & capillaries
characteristics of scar tissue
inelastic, nonvascular, fibrous
healing process
inflammatory, repair, remodeling
macrophages
ingesting all of the debris
fibrin
irregular work of tiny fibers that forms a net that surrounds the damaged area