ATHTR 495B Exam 2
A field hockey player sustains a direct blow to her right anterior lower leg from an opponent's stick. Following your evaluation, you are concerned that the athlete may develop acute compartment syndrome. What instructions should you give the athlete before allowing her to return to her dorm for the evening? A. Keep her leg elevated, ice the injury as much as possible, and go to the emergency department if she experiences any numbness, tingling, or increased pain overnight. B. Keep the compression wrap on until she returns for reevaluation the next morning, and take ibuprofen as needed for pain. C. Use crutches if walking is painful, soak in a hot bath with Epsom salt, and wear a neoprene compression sleeve while sleeping. D. Use the transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) unit as instructed for pain control, take acetaminophen only as needed for pain, and go to the emergency department if these two modalities do not manage pain. E. Schedule an appointment with the massage therapist, use topical thermal cream to relieve pain and spasm, and call the athletic trainer if she experiences an increase in symptoms.
A
A football player incurs an axial load mechanism injury. During your neurological assessment of this athlete, you note bilateral sensation deficits in the lower extremity. The athlete becomes anxious at this time and tells you he cannot feel his legs. What is the most appropriate response to this injured athlete? A. Encourage the athlete to relax and assure him that you are going to get him the best possible care B. Indicate to the athlete that your findings are consistent with his sensations and tell him he needs to go to the emergency department C. Encourage the athlete to take deep breaths and to try not to think about the seriousness of this injury D. Ask the athlete if his parents are in the stands and how they handle bad news E. Tell the athlete that you have handled other serious neck injuries and that your team physicians are the best in the area, so he will be perfectly fine
A
A master's level swimmer is exhibiting pain in all directions of shoulder joint movement and restrictions of both active and passive range of motion. Because of the pain associated with movement, the athlete is apprehensive about moving the joint at all. In addition to flexibility and pain control modalities, which of the following might you incorporate into this patient's rehabilitation program? A. Joint mobilization techniques B. Upper extremity proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) diagonal patterns C. Upper extremity isokinetic exercises D. Closed kinetic chain exercises for the shoulder joint
A
A seventh-grade runner participating on a cross country team is running approximately 10 miles per week at the beginning of team practices. How many miles a week can the coach safely have the athlete run in the second week of practice? A. 11 miles B. 12 miles C. 15 miles D. 20 miles
A
A standard procedure for a helmet and shoulder pad removal of an athlete with a cervical spine injury can be part of a venue-specific emergency action plan. Based on current guidelines, there are two recommended techniques fro stabilizing the cervical spine. Which of the following is one of those techniques? A. Trap-squeeze method B. Inverted hands method C. Diagonal-squeeze method D. Chin-forehead method
A
A venue-specific emergency action plan (EAP) should include information for the following subjects: emergency personnel, emergency communication, emergency equipment, medical emergency transportation, venue directions with map. To aid in providing effective emergency communication, where in the athletic training facility should a copy of the EAP be posted? A. Near the landline telephone B. Near the facility entrance C. Near the treatment tables D. Near the entrance to the storage facility
A
An athlete at your institution shares that she has recently been diagnosed with HIV. In order to best care for this athlete, her teammates, and any other athlete who might be exposed, what steps should you take to manage this information? A. The athlete's identity must remain confidential unless she chooses to share. B. The coaching staff should be notified so they can assist you in caring for the athlete and the team. C. The athletics director should be notified. D. Campus legal affairs office should be notified.
A
As part of the general medical screening, a maturity assessment is conducted using Tanner's five stages of maturity. A female athlete is assigned a stage 5 rating. How should this staging be interpreted? A. This athlete is fully developed. B. This athlete is midway to full development, and growth plates are weaker than joint capsule and tendons. C. This athlete is in the stage when the fastest bone growth occurs. D. This athlete demonstrates no evidence of puberty.
A
Athletes, regardless of skin type, should be educated on the signs and symptoms of the various types of skin cancer and encouraged to conduct regular skin inspections and to immediately report any suspicious lesions. The ABCDE mnemonic can be used as a guide to recognize suspicious pigmented lesions. For this mnemonic, which letter descriptor is correct? A. A stands for asymmetry: a malignant lesion does not have equal top and bottom or left and right sections B. B stands for blackness: a malignant lesion has a uniform black color C. C stands for circumference: a malignant lesion has a circumference greater than 6 mm D. D stands for distinct: a malignant lesion has a distinct border E. E stands for elliptical: a malignant lesion has an elliptical shape
A
Differences between patients and clinicians can lead to miscommunications or misunderstandings during the examination process. What action should a clinician take to avoid miscommunications or misunderstandings resulting in incorrect diagnoses or improper care? A. Convey respect by addressing adult patients formally, using appropriate prefixes such as Miss, Mrs., and Mr. B. Maintain professionalism by referring to the patient strictly by the injured or involved body part, saying "my ankle injury patient." C. Avoid making patients of different cultures feel unique; speak to them and treat them the same as everyone else without acknowledging their cultural difference. D. Refrain from burdening a patient and his family members with health-care decisions they most likely will not understand.
A
During discussions with an athlete who is contemplating undergoing lateral ankle reconstruction for chronic ankle instability, which of the following is the most important long-term consequence that should be brought to the athlete's attention if surgery is not chosen? A. Osteoarthritis B. Talar fracture C. Joint contracture D. Tendinosis E. Subluxing peroneal tendon
A
Following an acute, severe spinal cord injury, the most important principle in moving and transporting the patient is spinal motion restriction (SMR) to prevent further harm to the spinal cord. How is SMR achieved during the transport and referral process? A. Maintaining the head and neck in neutral alignment with the long axis of the body B. Maintaining the head and neck in the initial position of the injury C. Maintaining the head and neck in 10˚ to 15˚ of cervical flexion D. Maintaining the head and neck in 15˚ to 20˚ of cervical extension
A
Goal setting, particularly setting short- term goals, has been shown to be an effective strategy in helping patients motivate themselves to comply with a potentially extensive treatment and/ or rehabilitation program. Which of the following short- term goals demonstrates effective goal setting? A. Increase active knee flexion from 20˚ to 30˚ in 10 days B. For the next three treatment sessions, maintain focus during 90% of the session. C. Increase exercise intensity by applying 100% effort for at least three quarters of the exercises completed in the next 5 days D.. Decrease episodes of negative and doubting self- talk by 50% in 7 days
A
In 2012 the NATA released the official statement entitled "Time Outs Before Athletic Events Recommended for Health Care Providers." What is the purpose of the recommended "time out"? A. Ensure all the athletic health-care professionals who comprise the emergency response team go through a pre-athletic event checklist reviewing the venue's emergency action plan (EAP) B. Ensure all athletic health-care professionals providing emergency care for a specific sport event have appropriate and current first responder certifications and are willing to provide care in case of an emergency C. make certain all emergency equipment and first aid supplies are complete, in excellent working order, and easily accessible to all persons involved in any aspect of athletic healthcare for a specific sporting event D. Ensure all athletic health-care professionals for a specific sport have reviewed the medical records of all participants, have access to participant emergency contact information (cards), and have adequate knowledge for using any potentially necessary emergency equipment and first aid supplies
A
In which of the following situations should the athletic trainer refer an athlete to an outside healthcare provider rather than continue to treat the athlete? A. When the relationship with the athlete serves the athletic trainer's needs more than it serves the athlete B. When an athlete is frustrated with the progress being made during rehabilitation C. When an athlete is pulling away from the team and coaches due to strong feelings of homesickness D. When the athletic trainer seems to be thinking about the athlete's needs and ways to address these needs during nonworking hours E. When an athlete confesses to taking somebody else's attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder prescription to stay up and study for a midterm examination
A
The mother of one of your high school athletes calls the athletic training room to ask your advice. She shared that her son is sick and she believes that he has strep throat and may need an antibiotic. Her son's pediatrician is out of the office for the next 2 days, but the office offered to have the athlete seen by one of the physician assistants on staff. How would you respond to the mother? A. Encourage her to take the athlete to see the physician's assistant because that provider can conduct a strep test and prescribe and antibiotic if needed B. Encourage her to treat her child with acetaminophen (tylenol) and wait until the physician returns C. Encourage her to take her son to a local urgent care facility to be seen D. Encourage her to bring the athlete to the athletic training room so you can provide the athlete with a 2-day dose of antibiotics until the physician returns
A
When developing a strength training program for adolescent athletes, what type of exercise is most appropriate in the initial stages of training? A. Body weight exercises B. Isokinetic exercises C. Plyometric exercises D. Free-weight exercises
A
Which of the following descriptions best defines an emergency action plan (EAP)? A. Written document that defines the standard of care required in every conceivable event during an emergency situation B. Step-by-step procedures that are specific to the needs of each institution and athletic facility during an emergency situation C. A statement that will drive the institution's functional goals, which in turn formulate all medical operating procedures D. Detailed plan that describes the roles of involved personnel during an emergency situation E. Written, site-specific plan for transporting injured athletes in an emergency situation
A
Which of the following pieces of information reported in the documentation of a patient's visit would be considered a clinician-based outcome? A. Active range of motion (AROM) for shoulder flexion increased by 5° B. Patient notes she was able to sleep through the night without waking up due to pain C. Patient is able to complete work-related tasks with increased ease D. Patient requires less assistance with activities of daily living
A
Which of the following serial blood pressure measurements would indicate the need for referral and probably medication management? A. 137/76 mm Hg B. 128/78 mm Hg C. 110/ 68 mm Hg D. 102/60 mm Hg
A
Which of the following types of scaphoid fractures are at increased risk for nonunion and therefore are optimally treated with surgical fixation? A. Fractures at the proximal pole with a small gap B. Fractures at the distal pole without a gasp C. Fractures of the middle third that are well-aligned D. Fractures at the scaphoid tubercle
A
You are performing lateral glides of the patella to address your patient's lateral glide deficit and assist in improving his knee flexion range of motion. How should you position the patient to administer this treatment? A. Supine with the knee extended B. Supine with the knee flexed 25 C. Supine with the knee flexed between 25 and 45 D. Seated with the knee flexed between 0 and 70
A
You are treating an athlete for an acute low back injury with pulsed ultrasound. The athlete's mother wants to know why you are not using pulsed shortwave diathermy, as she received that treatment when undergoing physical therapy for a back injury and had great results. How might you respond? A. "My research of current academic resources and scholarly literature does not support the efficacy of nonthermal shortwave diathermy" B. "If you can get me the parameters your therapists used, we can try it" C. "I am not familiar with that treatment protocol so we will stick with a treatment I am comfortable using" D. "Diathermy has many more contraindications and precautions that need to be taken into consideration compared with ultrasound, so I think it is safer to use ultrasound"
A
You have decided to include aquatic therapy in your patient's plan of care. What advantage of aquatic therapy should be communicated to the patient? A. Reduction of patient's gravitational forces allows for exercise when on-land weight bearing is not permissible. B. Decreased compressive forces permit patients with injuries in the acute inflammatory phase to exercise. C. Water temperature allows patients to exercise when sick with a bacterial or viral infection. D. Buoyancy of the water reduces external forces, allowing patients with open wounds and postoperative wounds to exercise.
A
You refer an athlete to the team physician for evaluation of jumper's knee. She returns with a diagnosis of bipartite patella. What does this diagnosis imply? A. The athlete has a congenital abnormality in which the patella has developed from two centers rather than one, resulting in two parts that are connected by fibrocartilage B. The athlete has an avulsion fracture of the inferior pole of the patella by the patellar tendon C. The athlete has a stress fracture of the patella due to the pull of the quadriceps musculature D. The athlete has progressive degeneration of the patella that has developed from excessive maltracking and chronic tendonitis E. The athlete has early onset of osteoarthritis of the patella that has developed from excessive maltracking and chronic tendonitis
A
A 20-year-old tennis player you saw 2 weeks ago for a gastrointestinal tract virus reports to your athletic training facility complaining of pain and weakness of both legs and nocturnal muscle cramps. During your examination, you note he does not have a fever, but he is demonstrating slightly diminished reflexes bilaterally. Based on his presentation and your examination findings, you refer him to your university's health-care facility to be seen by a physician. When documenting your examination and referral for this athlete, which of the following conditions should you indicate is included in your initial differential diagnosis? A. Viral meningitis B. Guillain-Barré syndrome C. Multiple sclerosis D. Bell's palsy
B
A high school lacrosse player sustains a contact injury to his knee during practice. After providing 2 days of acute management, you reexamine the knee to update his treatment plan. During your examination you assess range of motion and apply Cyriax's rule of determining contractile and inert tissue involvement. Which of the following examination findings indicates contractile tissue involvement? A. Patient presents with knee pain during both active knee flexion and passive knee flexion. B. Patient presents with knee pain during active knee flexion and end-range pain with passive knee extension. C. Patient presents with knee pain during both active knee extension and passive knee extension. D. Patient presents with knee pain during active knee extension and end-range pain with passive knee extension.
B
A patient you have been working with on a long- term post-surgical rehabilitation protocol asks why you measure his range of motion, strength, and pain scale at almost every visit. How might you respond to the patient? A. You are interested in the patient's perception of how the rehabilitation process is progressing B. You like to see if the treatment you are providing is meeting its desired results C. You have to document all the work you are doing so you can get paid D. You want to make sure that someone else can replicate your treatment if you have to be absent
B
A swimmer with a history of posterior shoulder pain was examined by her team physician yesterday and diagnosed with posterosuperior internal glenohumeral joint impingement. The athletic training student shadowing you today tells you he has never heard of posterosuperior internal glenohumeral joint impingement. What is the best explanation of this condition? A. The tendons of the infraspinatus, supraspinatus, and long head of the biceps along with the subacromial bursa and glenohumeral (GH) joint capsule are compressed in the space between the humeral head and the acromion process. B. The tendons of the infraspinatus and supraspinatus muscles are being compressed against the glenoid during shoulder abduction and external rotation. C. An irregularly shaped acromion, or other structural imperfection, decreases the subacromial space creating irritation and inflammation of soft tissue located within the subacromial space. D. Poor strength or fatigue of rotator cuff muscles allows the humeral head to translate superiorly during overhead motions, causing impingement of subacromial space structures.
B
After a big win, the members of your soccer team throw a party where alcohol is served. In the early morning hours, a player calls you because he is unable to wake his teammate. You ask the player what the teammate actually did. What is the role of the player in the immediate care of the ill teammate? A. The player should relate information only about the teammate's current condition B. The player should be completely honest about the evening's activities C. The player should avoid providing details without the teammate's permission D. The player should request that the athletic trainer keep all provided information strictly between them E. The player should convene a team meeting to make sure all players provide the same story
B
An Amateur Athletic Union basketball player is completing a rehabilitation program to address his bilateral Osgoof-Schlatter disease. What exercises should this athlete avoid because they will exacerbate his symptoms? A. Restricted terminal knee extension B. Closed kinetic chain knee flexion beyond 90° of flexion C. Prone full-range hamstring curls D. Quadriceps setting
B
An athlete reports experiencing a minor seizure over the weekend. The team physician orders an electroencephalogram to assist in ruling out the presence of epilepsy and asks you to explain the purpose of the test to the athlete. How would you best explain the purpose of this test? A. The purpose of this test is to record electrical activity of your heart B. The purpose of this test is to assess electrical activity in the brain C. The purpose of this test is to measure electrical activity in peripheral nerve tissue D. The purpose of this test is to measure electrical activity in contracting muscle tissue
B
An athlete sustains an uncomplicated crown fracture. There is obvious tooth deformity and bleeding, but no pain. How would you explain the absence of pain to the athlete? A. The dentin is not affected by this fracture, and it is the primary site of nerve endings in the tooth. B. The fracture affects only the enamel portion of the tooth, and the enamel contains no nerve endings. C. This type of fracture exposes the pulp cavity; after the pulp cavity is exposed to air, the nerve endings cease to fire. D. The fracture is through the gum, which causes bleeding but no pain. E. The fracture line is through the root, which results in significant bleeding but no pain because the area is not innervated.
B
An athlete wants to gain lean muscle mass in order to improve his overall performance levels and is considering creatine supplementation. What action should you take first? A. Evaluate the creatine supplement to make sure it does not include any banned substances B. Assess the athlete's current nutritional habits to see if those need to be adjusted C. Educate the athlete on the advantages and disadvantages of supplements before approving its use D. Conduct a thorough evidence- based review of the supplement to assess its efficacy
B
An athlete who suffered a career-ending knee dislocation as a result of a collision during a football game is becoming consistently noncompliant with his rehabilitation plan. His roommates, who are also on the team, share that he often wakes up several times a night crying out, sweating, and breathing very quickly. He makes excuses so he does not have to attend team events, and he refuses to go back to the field where the injury occurred. What actions should the athletic trainer take? A. Suspect the athlete is a harm to himself and alert public safety and residence life to begin conducting routine welfare checks B. Suspect the athlete may be experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and speak to him about going to see the team psychologist C. Suspect the athlete may be having repeated panic attacks and contact his parents to have him taken home for further treatment D. Suspect the athlete may be experiencing adjustment disorder and begin regular cognitive behavioral therapy sessions with the athlete.
B
An athlete you are working with shares that she was recently a victim of sexual assault. She is working with a counselor to manage the aftereffects of the trauma, but she is very worried that she is at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Initial HIV antibody testing was negative. How would you counsel the athlete based on these results? A. She does not need to worry because she had a negative result from her first test B. It may take 3 months to a year for measurable antibodies to appear, so she needs to be retested at 3 months and 1 year after the assault C. If her assailant tests positive for HIV, she will be notified D. Testing should be repeated monthly for up to 2 years from initial exposure
B
At what intensity should older adults participate in a cardiovascular training program aimed at increasing VO2 max? A. 70%-90% maximum heart rate B. 60%-80% maximum heart rate C. 35%-55% maximum heart rate D. 20%-40% maximum heart rate
B
Barring any significant medical contraindications, which of the following exercise activities are safe to participate in during pregnancy? A. Basketball if the individual was participating regularly before becoming pregnant B. Running if the individual was running regularly before becoming pregnant C. Hot yoga if the session is limited to less than 90 minutes D. Scuba diving if not undergoing initial certification
B
During your evaluation before initiating a rehabilitation program for a baseball player's shoulder, you determine the following when comparing the throwing shoulder with the contralateral side: an internal rotation deficit, a greater amount of external rotation, and a similar total arc of motion. What autonomic factor is most likely limiting the internal rotation motion of this athlete's throwing side shoulder? A. Inflexibility of internal rotator muscles B. Inflexibility of external rotator muscles C. Hypermobility of the joint capsule D. Hypertrophy of internal rotator muscles
B
Each venue-specific emergency action plan (EAP) should state the person responsible for documenting the events of the emergency situation, including all actions taken during patient treatment and transport. What is the primary reason for this level of documentation? A. Quality assurance B. Potential litigation C. Continuity of care D. Personnel redistribution
B
In order to avoid potentially fatal delays in providing CPR, what should be communicated to athlete health-care professionals regarding a collapsed and unresponsive athlete? A. If patient is gasping, even occasionally, a cardiac arrest can be ruled out B. Every collapsed and unresponsive athlete should be treated as having a cardiac arrest until a noncardiac cause is determined or the athlete becomes responsive C. Seizure-like activity is rarely associated with cardiac arrest; therefore the collapsed and unresponsive athlete should be treated as having a neurological condition D. A rescuer trained CPR detecting a pulse in a collapsed and unresponsive athlete is a strong indicator the athlete is not experiencing a cardiac arrest
B
Overtraining can result in physical fatigue, decreased muscle strength, decreased physical performance, and psychological breakdown resulting in a lessened desire to train. In what situation is overtraining likely to occur? A. Training sessions that emphasize proper technique B. Training sessions that exceed the body's physiological limits C. Training sessions that emphasize cardiovascular training over strength training D. Training session volume exceeding that of the previous training sessions
B
The women's soccer coach e-mailed the director of athletic training requesting an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention program be developed and administered to her players during the upcoming nontraditional season. As you are the newly hired intern, you have been tasked with researching the current literature on ACL injury prevention programs. Which type of published study can provide you the strongest level of evidence? A. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) B. Systematic review of RCTs C. Outcomes research D. Case series
B
To encourage patient treatment compliance and patient self-motivation, clinicians should clearly and objectively define what is meant by program adherence and articulate this definition to their patients. Which of the following communications from the clinician to the patient can achieve this goal? A. "Bring a positive attitude with you to each appointment." B. "We'll need to meet three times a week for the next 4 weeks." C. "Try to avoid doing too much physical activity when you are home." D. "Let me know what exercises you like completing and which ones you don't like."
B
What is the primary function of the gallbladder? A. Secrete digestive enzymes B. Store bile C. Release insulin into the bloodstream D. Produce hormones for regulating carbohydrate metabolism E. Store glucose
B
What outside entities should be consulted when an educational institution sets out to develop an effective emergency action plan (EAP)? a.) Campus health services staff b.) Local emergency medical services (EMS) c.) Medical staff from other schools within the conference d.) Local police department personnel
B
Which method of assessing body composition is relatively easy to perform clinically, requires limited equipment, and has a measurement error of only 3-5%? A. Bioelectric impedance B. Skinfold measurement C. Hydrostatic weighting D. Dual energy x- ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan
B
Which of the following assessment tools can best assist in determining if the therapeutic interventions in your treatment plan have been effective in decreasing your patient's ankle joint effusion? A. Handheld dynamometer B. Volumetric measurement C. Lower extremity functional scale D. Goniometer
B
Which of the following elements must be included in order for a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) authorization to be considered valid? A. Detailed description of the injury or illness for which the patients is giving permission to release information B. An expiration date C. List of specific persons by name who are authorized to release information D. Itemized list of the specific documents that are allowed to be released
B
Which of the following factors would indicate the need to proceed with surgical intervention for a superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) lesion? A. Inability to take pain and anti-inflammatory medications due to gastrointestinal complications B. Failure to regain normal range of motion and rotator cuff strength despite 3 to 6 months of rehabilitation C. Positive O'Brien's test confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging D. Subjective reports of popping, clicking, or catching within the joint in the first 2 weeks after injury and small range-of-motion deficits
B
Which of the following is least likely to require activating the emergency transport system? A. The patient has lost consciousness B. The patient has suffered a posterior glenohumeral joint dislocation C. The patient is unresponsive D. CPR is being performed on the patient
B
Which of the following would be considered a long-term rehabilitation goal? A. Four weeks from today's treatment session, the athlete will have full elbow flexion. B. The athlete will have full strength in all elbow joint muscles at discharge. C. At the next treatment session, the athlete's pain will decrease from a 7 to a 6 on the numeric pain scale. D. In 6 months, the athlete will have a biceps brachii manual muscle testing grade of 4 out of 5. E. In 3 months, the athlete will begin functional exercises.
B
While providing nutritional counseling to athletes, you recommend that in addition to consuming protein in a daily balanced diet, they consume protein during and immediately after an exercise session. What is the maximum total daily protein intake that is recommended, based on research suggesting more is unlikely to result in further muscle gains? A. 1.0 g/kg/day B. 2.0 g/kg/day C. 3.0 g/kg/day D. 4.0 g/kg/day
B
While rebounding a shot, a basketball player lands awkwardly on another player's foot before falling to the floor. When the athletic trainer reaches the injured player it is obvious the ankle is deformed with one or more possible fractures. What emergency medical equipment is most appropriate to immobilize this athlete's injury? A. SAM Splint B. Rapid form vacuum immobilizer C. Half-ring splint D. Stack splint
B
While running back for a lob shot, a collegiate freshman tennis player trips and falls, landing hard on her hand that is holding her racquet and fracturing her fifth metacarpal. Two weeks after her fracture diagnosis, she tells you she is considering dropping out of school and moving back home. She tells you, "My life is totally ruined. I'm never going to get better or be able to play tennis again." How can you encourage this patient to use positive self-talk to influence her healing and recovery process? A. Sympathize with the athlete and help her by introducing her to other athletes whose careers have ended as a result of injury. B. Allow the athlete to express her frustration, but encourage her to concentrate on things that are controllable, such as her overall fitness and her academic pursuits. C. Be patient while the athlete expresses her frustrations and then let her know you are available to listen and help. D. Remind the athlete that many athletes get injured during their college years, and she needs to accept her situation, as bad as it may be, and move forward.
B
You are developing a hand rehabilitation program for a professional billiards player. Which of the following therapeutic exercises would most effectively strengthen the palmar and dorsal interosseous muscles? A. Abduction/flexion of the digits using a resistance web B. Abduction/adduction of the digits using a resistance provided by rubber bands C. Wrist flexion exercises holding a dumbbell weight D. Wrist extension exercises using resistance provided by an exercise band E. Extension of the digits using resistance provided by surgical tubing
B
A 14-year-old freshman running back has been complaining of deep diffuse hip pain for several weeks. The injury has not responded to conservative treatment, so the athlete is referred to the team physician for further evaluation. The physician orders an x-ray of the hip joint, which reveals a flattening of the femoral head on the involved side. When questioned further, the athlete reports hurting his hip when he was 10 after falling on the playground. He wore a brace for a while but then was able to return to full activity. What condition do you suspect? A. Osteitis pubis B. Hip pointer C. Legg-Calve-Perthes disease D. Hip labral tear
C
A high school freshman reports to the athletic training clinic complaining of first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) irritation, which he attributes to his new cleats. On examination you note bilateral hallux valgus along with pes planus. Also the first toe appears to slightly overlap the second toes. What condition tends to develop secondary to hallux valgus? A. Onychonmycosis B. Onychocryptosis C. Bunion D. Subungual hematoma
C
A male athletic trainer working outreach at a high school is asked to evaluate a female gymnast who is complaining of right hip and groin pain. Which of the following actions can the athletic trainer take to make the student athlete feel as comfortable as possible during the evaluation? A. Share a little about his educational background and hobbies B. Perform the evaluation in the middle of the athletic training room when lots of athletes are around C. Ask the athlete's coach who is also a female to be present during the evaluation D. Begin by taking a medical history that includes questions about mechanism of injury, current training plan, and menstrual history
C
A runner who is trying to improve the quality of her carbohydrate intake asks you to explain the fiber information on the two energy bars she is comparing so she can make an educated choice. Which statement is correct? A. Soluble (high-viscosity) fiber is a digestible carbohydrate found naturally in foods that increases fecal bulk and acts as a laxative speeding up the movement of food through the digestive system. B. Insoluble (low-viscosity) fiber is a digestible carbohydrate found naturally in foods that slows gastric emptying, increases the feeling of fullness, and may aid in decreasing blood cholesterol levels. C. Functional fiber is nondigestible carbohydrate that may have beneficial physiological effects and is typically added to foods. D. A food label stating it is "high fiber" food means one serving of the product contains the recommended daily allowance of fiber.
C
Active listening is a key component in clinicians developing positive patient rapport while gathering a medical history and conducting a physical examination. Which of the following illustrates active listening? A. Avoiding direct eye contact with patient unless required for examination components B. Asking primarily questions that can be answered with "yes" or "no" to avoid confusing the patient C. Following up a patient's statements by paraphrasing and repeating what was said and asking for clarification as needed D. Refraining from allowing patients' nonverbal cues to affect initial or follow-up medical history questions or examination components
C
After the running back on your football team completes a first down, you notice that he is still lying face down on the field as the other players return to the huddle. As you watch from the sideline, a teammate jogs over to the down player before you can get to him. What is the most helpful action this teammate could take to assist in the care of this injured athlete? A. Help the player to get up by grabbing his shoulder pads and lifting superiorly so he can get his feet under him. B. Take the player by one shoulder and arm and gently roll him over onto his back to maximize airflow. C. Ask the down player if he is injured and instruct him to lie still until the athletic trainer comes out. D. Tell the player that because he cannot move his legs he is probably paralyzed and should not move until the athletic trainer comes out. E. Tell his teammates in the huddle to stay where they are because the down player is seriously hurt.
C
An athlete completing a functional rehabilitation program following a medial meniscectomy is frustrated because he is having difficulty recovering his agility. Which of the following professionals would be most helpful to consult while adjusting the rehabilitation protocol? A. Sport coach B. Team physician C. Strength and conditioning specialist D. Physical therapist
C
An athlete has sustained a hamstring strain. Which of the following physiological events indicates the fibroblastic repair phase of the healing process for this injury? A. Immediate vasoconstriction followed by reflex vasodilation, stagnation, and stasis B. Formation of an insoluble fibrin clot and phagocytosis C. Synthesis of intracellular matrix and formation of granulation tissue D. Formation of fibroblasts, decrease in type III collagen fiber, and increase in type I collagen fibers E. Conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and production of collagen fibers
C
An athlete sustains a blow to the head in the first few minutes of a contest and is diagnosed with a concussion. According to the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, 5th edition (SCAT5), what recommendation is made regarding returning this athlete to the contest? A. The athlete can be returned to the contest before half-time if his SCAT5 scores indicate a "normal" rating B. The athlete can be returned to the contest after half-time if his SCAT5 scores indicate a "normal" rating C. The athlete should not be returned to participation on that day
C
Athletic trainers can treat most acute skin trauma without complication. However, according to the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) position statement on management of acute skin trauma, patients with which of the following skin conditions should be referred to a physician for treatment? A. Wound requiring debridement B. Wound requiring an occlusive dressing C. Wound requiring tissue approximation with sutures or staples D. Wound producing exudate during the healing process
C
During football practice an athlete with known sickle cell trait experiences an exertional sickling collapse. He is responsive and cooperative, and you immediately administer high-flow supplemental oxygen and check his vital signs. He does not immediately improve, and he is now demonstrating bradycardia. What treatment should now be provided by the athletic trainer to approximately manage this patient? A. Cool the athlete using cold water immersion B. Promote oral ingestion of water and electrolyte solutions to increase blood volume C. Call 911 and attach an automated external defibrillator (AED) and be ready to start CPR D. Apply ice to cramping muscle and move the athlete to a cooler climate
C
During the rehabilitation process, an athlete is exhibiting the outward signs of excessive talking, argumentativeness, inappropriate joke telling, and hyperactivity. What is the most appropriate reaction by the athletic trainer? A. Pity the athlete and excuse the behaviors B. Tell the athlete that the behavior is abnormal C. Allow the athlete to vent emotions D. Reprimand the athlete for inappropriate behavior E. Speak with teammates and encourage them to counsel the athlete
C
Following a chest wall contusion, an athlete presents with shallow, slow breathing. Which breathing term should you use when communicating this to the physician? A. Tachypnea B. Dyspnea C. Bradypnea D. Apnea
C
For which of the following treatment goals is transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation an acceptable modality? A. Enhance progression from the inflammatory to the repair phase of healing B. Decrease pitting edema and enhance lymphatic drainage C. Manage chronic pain D. Minimize excess scar tissue formation E. Increase range of motion and tissue extensibility
C
If an educational institution stores a student's medical records with the student's educational records, what protects the privacy of those records? A. HIPAA B. NCAA regulations C. FERPA D. NHSL regulations
C
In order to comply with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards that govern occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens, what emergency equipment should be included in a venue-specific emergency action plan (EAP)? A. Automated external defibrillator (AED) B. Pneumatic splint kit C. Personal protective equipment D. Spine board with padding and straps
C
The length of an emergency medical services (EMS) response time may factor into an emergency action plan (EAP) in regard to necessary emergency equipment and whether on-site ambulance coverage is warranted. When determining an EMS response time, both horizontal and vertical response times should be considered. What is vertical response time? A. The time from when the EMS call goes out until a driven dispatched unit arrives on the scene B. The time from when the EMS call goes out until a medical helicopter arrives on the scene C. The time from when the dispatched unit arrives on the scene until patient treatment begins D. The time from when the dispatched unit arrives on the scene until the patient is completely loading into the emergency transportation vehicle
C
To comply with American Heart Association guidelines, which state that early defibrillation is considered a critical component of basic life support, what emergency equipment must be on hand for all athletic practices and events? A. Advanced airway aids B. Supplemental oxygen C. Automated external defibrillator (AED) D. Immobilization splints
C
Which of the following medical history questions that would be appropriate in an acute, possibly catastrophic injury situation would not be in a non-catastrophic off- field evaluation? A. What activities increase your shoulder pain? B. How does the pain you are feeling now compare with the worst pain you have ever experienced? C. Can you wiggle your fingers? D. How is the injury impacting your activities of daily living?
C
Which type of muscular strengthening techniques is characterized by an increase in muscle tension without changing the length of the muscle? A. Isotonic B. Isokinetic C. Isometric D. Eccentric
C
You are concerned that a 12-year-old figure skater who practices 3 hours each day may be demonstrating negative psychological consequences of maintaining high-intensity training for an extended period. What potential negative aspect of this training should you explain to the parents of this child? A. The child will experience body image issues and may develop an eating disorder B. The child will become self-centered and introverted C. The child may exhibit abnormal sleeping and eating patterns D. The child will likely grow up to be unable to handle failure in life
C
You are working with a patient who has been experiencing pain symptoms for more than 6 months. The pain does not seem to be associated with an ongoing disease, but the patient now reports difficulty sleeping due to the pain and symptoms consistent with depression. How would you categorize this patient's condition? A. Nociceptive chronic papin B. Chronic fatigue syndrome C. Neuropathic chronic pain D. Psychosocial pain syndrome
C
You have been asked to speak at a local Rotary Club meeting regarding recommendations for improving nutrition and physical activity for the general population. Which of the following resources might you share with your audience? A. National Strength and Conditioning Association website, which is updated regularly B. Healthy People 2020 objectives, which are updated every 10 years C. Dietary Guidelines for Americans and Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, which are updated regularly D. American College of Sports Medicine position statements, which are updated periodically as information changes
C
An athlete has recently undergone a splenectomy. Which of the following functions are most impacted by this surgical procedure? A. Ability to filter poisons out of the blood and produce mediators for blood clotting B. Ability to filter toxins from the blood and regulate the body's electrolyte level C. Ability to filter blood and remove ineffective or damaged red blood cells D. Ability to produce estrogen and progesterone E. Capacity to store vitamins A, E, and K and produce vitamin D
C?
A nebulizer, also known as an atomizer, is effective in treating a severe asthma attack because it can deliver a higher medication dose compared with a metered dose inhaler. When treating a serious respiratory rescue situation, what medication is typically administered with a nebulizer? A. Montelukast B. Salmeterol C. Formoterol D. Albuterol
D
A tennis player is in the late stages of rehabilitation for impingement syndrome and has returned to practice drills. The player reports feeling weakness at ball contact during the serve. Which of the following rehabilitation exercises would be most appropriate to address this weakness? A. Closed kinetic chain weight shifting on a Swiss ball B. Closed kinetic chain multiplanar slide board exercises C. D1 proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern emphasizing the flexion portion of the pattern D. D2 proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern emphasizing the extension portion of the pattern E. Internal and external rotation with an exercise band at 90° of shoulder abduction
D
An athlete reports to the athletic training facility complaining of nausea, slight fever, mild diarrhea, and nonspecific discomfort located around the umbilicus and the right lower quadrant. The athlete is able to manage pain only by staying in the fetal position. The pain has been steadily increasing over the past several hours. Which acute condition do you suspect, and how should this best be managed? A. Acute pelvic inflammatory disease; instruct the athlete to call her gynecologist B. Irritable bowel syndrome: schedule the athlete to see the team physician later in the day C. Cholecystitis: schedule an appointment with a gastroenterologist for the athlete D. Appendicitis: the athlete should be transported to the local emergency facility E. Kidney stone: refer the athlete to the local emergency facility
D
An athlete responds affirmatively to the following questions on the preparticipation medical history form: (1) I have trouble sleeping. (2) I lack energy many days of the week. (3) I rehash things many times. (4) I am often anxious or very nervous. (5) I lack confidence. (6) I have difficulty managing my emotions. What actions should you take based on these responses? A. Encourage the student to begin meditation techniques to decrease stress. B. Enroll the student in a stress management class at the counseling center. C. Restrict the student athlete from practices until a full mental health evaluation is completed. D. Alert the team physician so follow-up questions can be asked to gain additional information.
D
An athlete was recently involved in a motor vehicle accident in which her friend was paralyzed. Since that time the athlete has been very short-tempered and has had trouble sleeping more than 2 to 3 hours per night. The athlete shares that she does not think she can travel in the coming week, as she is terrified to get on the bus. After discussing this situation with the team physician, what would be the best way to manage this situation? A. Refer the athlete to the team massage therapist to help her relax B. Teach the athlete deep breathing and meditation exercises C, Take the athlete through an imagery exercise to visualize a safe bus trip D. Refer the athlete to the school counseling center
D
An athlete, who is a 5th-year senior, has had four shoulder surgeries and is contemplating a fifth surgery. The coach, teammates, and parents are pressuring the athlete to get the surgery as soon as possible. The athlete begins to exhibit physical, psychological, and emotional withdrawal. Which psychosocial condition is this athlete most likely exhibiting? A. Achievement motivation B. Anxiety C. Adjustment disorder D. Burnout
D
Before releasing an athlete who has sustained a cerebral concussion to the responsible adult who will be monitoring him overnight, which of the following signs and symptoms require immediate referral to the emergency department? A. Headache B. Lethargy C. Inability to concentrate D. Vomiting E. Irritability
D
During halftime of a football game, you recheck the vital signs of a player who sustained abdominal trauma from a hard tackle midway through the first half. His blood pressure has decreased to 94/54 mm Hg, and his heart rate is 100 beats/min. You are concerned the abdominal trauma has caused blood loss and the athlete is experiencing shock. When referring this patient, what type of shock should you communicate this athlete is experiencing? A. Neurogenic shock B. Septic shock C. Metabolic shock D. Hypovolemic shock
D
Early one Saturday morning you receive a phone call from another certified athletic trainer on your university's sports medicine staff asking you to serve as the athletic trainer for the men's lacrosse match scheduled for 2 p.m. He tells you he has a family emergency and must immediately leave town. You have no experience providing athletic training services for men's lacrosse. What should you base your decision on regarding the emergency equipment available on the sidelines during the match? A. Age range of the participants B. Type of protective equipment worn by players C. Presence of a physician on the sidelines D. Anticipated possible emergency situations
D
Strength and conditioning programs often incorporate plyometric exercises to develop muscular power. What is the most important consideration when adding plyometric exercises to a fitness program? A. Client's muscular strength B. Client's speed of movement, quickness C. Client's total body weight D. Client's ability to properly execute each exercise
D
The wrestling coach is speaking with his wrestlers about weight loss. He instructs his wrestlers to eat as much celery and apples as they want because these foods are catabolic foods, which promote weight loss. He informs the wrestlers that these foods contain fewer calories than are required to chew, digest, and absorb them. How should you respond to this coach's instructions? A. Confirm the coach's information is accurate and note that the wrestlers will benefit from the increased intake of fruits and vegetables. B. Confirm the coach's information is accurate, but encourage the wrestlers to also eat as much grapefruit as possible, as grapefruit is the strongest negative calorie food. C. Inform the coach and the wrestlers that metabolism is significantly increased with eating so any fruits and vegetables should aid in weight loss. D. Inform the coach and the wrestlers that while metabolism increases with eating, the increase is small, and there is no research in support of any catabolic foods whereby more calories are used to metabolize a food than the number of calories in the food.
D
Through a comprehensive medical examination you determine your patient has rotational knee instability whereby his medial tibial plateau subluxes anteriorly. What is the term for this rotational knee instability? A. Medioanterior instability B. Anterolateral instability C. Posteromedial instability D. Anteromedial instability
D
To which principle of conditioning does the SAID principle directly apply? A. Individuality B. Consistency C. Progression D. Overload E. Safety
D
What administrative action can an athletic trainer take to reinforce the athlete's role in reporting concussions? A. Document all communications with academic support services personnel and similar offices regarding student athletes with concussions B. Use written documentation to regularly communicate the status of the student athletes with concussions to the team physician C. Document each concussion evaluation, treatment, physical activity recommendation, and return to play decision D. Document the athlete's understanding of concussion signs and symptoms and the athlete's responsibility to report a concussion
D
Which of the following classes of drugs are banned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)? A. Cathartics B. Histamine-2 blockers C. Sympathomimetics D. Peptide hormones
D
Which of the following physiological responses is most associated with the inflammatory phase of the healing process? A. Histamines are released from the leukocytes causing vasodilation and decreased cell permeability. B. Cytokines are responsible for margination of the leukocytes along the cell walls. C. Fibroblasts synthesize an intercellular matrix. D. Leukocytes phagocytize most of the foreign debris in the area subsequent to clot formation. E. Granulation tissue occurs with the breakdown of the fibrin clot.
D
Why might an athlete with a large hypertrophic scar across the anterior aspect of his knee joint secondary to a previous knee surgery have limited flexion range of motion? A. Excess calcium may be deposited in the joint and the area around the scar B. The scar may act as a wedge in the joint limiting motion C. The athlete may have changes to the neurologic structures resulting in inflammation and pain with movement D. Scar tissue is more inelastic than skin and may prevent full range of motion
D
As a high school athletic trainer, you receive a phone call from a local physician's office requesting copies of your preparticipation physical and evaluation notes from a 16-year-old football player's recent knee injury. How should you best respond to this request? A. A release of records must be signed by the athlete, and then they can be faxed to the requesting physician. B. The requested records may be faxed or mailed to the requesting physician's office. C. The athlete's mother may call and request the records be sent, and then the records can be faxed to the requesting physician. D. The coach requests the records be sent on behalf of the athlete, and then the records can be faxed to the requesting physician. E. The athlete and a parent may come by the athletic training clinic and pick up copies of his records to take to the physician.
E
When monitoring an athlete's respirations, you note an abnormal breathing pattern characterized by increased rate and depth of respirations followed by a brief period of apnea. What type of injury is associated with this breathing pattern? A. Brain injury B. Heat illness C. Exertional sickling D. Internal bleeding E. Pneumothorax
E
Which of the following is the best example of a well-written treatment goal? A. Regain muscular strength before progressing to the next phase of rehabilitation B. Decrease athlete's pain from 8 to 5 on numeric pain scale C. Keep the athlete motivated throughout the rehabilitation program D. Use a variety of modalities and exercises during rehabilitation program design E. Achieve full unrestricted knee range of motion by 4 weeks status post anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction
E
An athlete with a functionally unstable ankle is completing a neuromuscular control rehabilitation program. Today the athlete has completed the bilateral balancing exercises on an unstable surface with visual input. Which of the following is most appropriate to follow this exercise in the progression? A. One- foot balance on a rocker board with eyes open B. One- foot balance on hard floor with eyes closed C. One- foot balance on hard floor with eyes open and therapist providing perturbation D. Two- foot balance on a foam pad with eyes closed E. Two- foot balance on a foam pad with eyes closed and therapist providing perturbation
NOT D