ATI Engage Fundamentals (Physiologic Concepts for Nursing Practice): Nutrition

A nurse is caring for a client who states, "I only eat a diet high in protein and carbohydrates." Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

"A nutritious diet should include carbohydrates, protein, fiber, and healthy fats." Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to consume a balanced diet from a variety of different food groups, such as dairy, grains, fruits, vegetables, and proteins.

A nurse is caring for a client who states, "I have been getting a lot of cavities lately, but I don't know what is causing them." Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

"Drinking sugary beverages can make you prone to cavities." Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client that consuming sugary beverages can lead to cavities, also known as dental caries.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for parenteral nutrition. The client states, "I am scared that I will be on this therapy for the rest of my life." Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

"This type of nutrition can be lifelong, but it can also be temporary depending on how your nutritional needs change." Rationale: This response gives the client objective information without false reassurance.

A nurse is a caring for a client who has a new prescription for a clear liquid diet. The client asks the nurse, "How long will I have to be on this type of diet?" Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

"You should not be on this diet for more than a few days." Rationale: The nurse should identify that a clear liquid diet should be limited to a few days because this type of diet has inadequate nutritional value.

A nurse is helping a client calculate how many net carbohydrates they consumed in their last meal. The client's food had a total of 72 g of carbohydrates and 9 g of fiber. How many net carbohydrates did the client consume?

63 Rationale: To calculate net carbohydrates, use the following equation: Total Carbohydrates - (Fiber + Sugar Alcohols if applicable) = Net Carbohydrates. In this case, 72 g carbohydrates - 9 g fiber = 63 net carbohydrates.

A nurse is caring for client who reports having daily constipation. Which of the following information should the nurse provide to the client regarding fiber intake?

Increasing daily fiber intake can help alleviate the issue of constipation. Eating more whole grains can promote regular bowel movements. Rationale: Increasing daily fiber intake can help alleviate the issue of constipation is correct. An adequate amount of daily fiber intake helps relieve constipation by promoting bowel movements. Eating more whole grains can promote regular bowel movements is correct. Whole grains contain fiber, which helps to regulate bowel movements.

A nurse is discussing macronutrients with a client. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

Macronutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which make up the majority of a person's diet." Rationale: Macronutrients are essential parts of a diet and include proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. These provide the body with energy to function and are the building blocks of the diet.

A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed a low glycemic index diet. The client states, "I don't understand what this means." Which of the following responses should the nurse make? (Select all that apply.)

Rationale: "The glycemic index of a food relates to its ability to increase the blood glucose level" is correct. Glycemic index refers to a food's ability to increase a client's blood glucose level. These foods slowly increase the body's blood glucose level without spiking it, leading to stabilized energy without feeling sluggish. "You should eat foods such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables" is correct. The nurse should instruct the client to consume foods such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables because these foods all have a low glycemic index. "Try to limit or avoid potatoes due to their high glycemic index" is correct. The nurse should instruct the client to try to limit or avoid potatoes because they have a high glycemic index and should be limited or avoided in clients who are prescribed a low glycemic index diet. "Foods with a high glycemic index will cause your blood glucose to increase rapidly" is correct. High glycemic index foods cause the blood glucose level to rapidly increase after eating.

A nurse is caring for a client whose provider prescribed a heart-healthy diet. Which of the following information should the nurse include for the client regarding heart-healthy diets? (Select all that apply.)

Rationale: "You should limit saturated fats in your diet" is correct. The nurse should instruct the client that limiting saturated fats can decrease cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease. "Eat foods with whole grains in your new diet" is correct. The nurse should instruct the client to consume whole grain foods because they contain fiber and nutrients that regulate heart health and blood pressure. "It's important to eat larger portions of fruits and vegetables" is correct. The nurse should instruct the client to consume fruits and vegetables, which are nutrient-rich and should be eaten in larger portions due to their health benefits. "Limiting high-calorie food intake will promote adherence to your new diet" is correct. The nurse should instruct the client to limit high-calorie foods in order to adhere to a heart-healthy diet because these are not nutrient-rich foods.

A nurse is caring for a client who has renal disease and must limit potassium intake. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid because they are high in potassium?

Rationale: Bananas is correct. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid eating bananas because this food is high in potassium. Consuming foods that are high in potassium can lead to heart dysrythmias and increase the risk of myocardial infarction for clients who have renal disease. Dried beans is correct. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid eating dried beans because this food is high in potassium. Consuming foods that are high in potassium can lead to heart dysrythmias and increase the risk of myocardial infarction for clients who have renal disease. Spinach is correct. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid eating spinach because this food is high in potassium. Consuming foods that are high in potassium can lead to heart dysrythmias and increase the risk of myocardial infarction for clients who have renal disease. Tomatoes is correct. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid eating tomatoes because this food is high in potassium. Consuming foods that are high in potassium can lead to heart dysrythmias and increase the risk of myocardial infarction for clients who have renal disease.