ATI Nursing Care of children online practice 2019 A with NGN

A nurse is creating a plan of care for a school-age child who has heart disease and has developed heart failure. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?

Answer: Provide small, frequent meals for the child. The metabolic rate of a child who has heart failure is high because of poor cardiac function. Therefore, the nurse should provide small, frequent meals for the child because it helps to conserve energy.

A nurse in an emergency department is performing a physical assessment on a 2-week-old male newborn. Which of the following findings is the priority for the nurse to report to the provider?

Answer: Substernal retractions When using the airway, breathing, and circulation approach to client care, the nurse should determine that the priority finding to report to the provider is substernal retractions. This finding indicates the newborn is experiencing increased respiratory effort, which could quickly progress to respiratory failure.

A nurse is assessing a toddler who has gastroenteritis and is exhibiting manifestations of dehydration. Which of the following findings is the nurse's priority?

Answer: Tachypnea When using the airway, breathing, and circulation approach to client care, the nurse's priority finding is the toddler's tachypnea. Tachypnea is a result of the kidneys being unable to excrete hydrogen ions and produce bicarbonate, which leads to metabolic acidosis.

A nurse is interviewing the parent of an 18-month-old toddler during a well-child visit. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings indicates a need to assess the toddler for hearing loss?

Answer: The toddler received tobramycin during a hospitalization 2 weeks ago. The nurse should identify tobramycin as an aminoglycoside, which is an ototoxic medication that can cause mild to moderate hearing loss, and should assess the toddler for a hearing impairment.

A nurse is caring for a 15-year-old client who is married and is scheduled for a surgical procedure. The client asks, "Who should sign my surgical consent?" Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Answer: "You can sign the consent form because you are married." The nurse should inform the adolescent that marriage gives adolescents the legal right to consent to surgical procedures and sign other legal documents that they would not otherwise be able to sign due to their age.

A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of a school-age child who has a new prescription for oral nystatin for the treatment of oral candidiasis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Answer: "Shake the medication prior to administration." The nurse should instruct the parent to shake the medication prior to administration to disperse the medication evenly within the suspension.

A school nurse is assessing an adolescent who has scoliosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Answer: A unilateral rib hump When assessing an adolescent for scoliosis, the school nurse should expect to see a unilateral rib hump with hip flexion. This results from a lateral S- or C-shaped curvature to the thoracic spine resulting in asymmetry of the ribs, shoulders, hips, or pelvis. Scoliosis can be the result of a neuromuscular or connective tissue disorder, or it can be congenital in nature.

A nurse is caring for a school-age child who is receiving cefazolin via intermittent IV bolus. The child suddenly develops diffuse flushing of the skin and angioedema. After discontinuing the medication infusion, which of the following medications should the nurse administer first?

Answer: Epinephrine This child is most likely experiencing an anaphylactic reaction to the cefazolin. According to evidence-based practice, the nurse should first administer epinephrine to treat the anaphylaxis. Epinephrine is a beta adrenergic agonist that stimulates the heart, causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin and mucous membranes, and triggers bronchodilation in the lungs.

A nurse is providing teaching about play activities for social development to the parents of a preschooler. Which of the following play activities should the nurse recommend for the child?

Answer: Playing dress-up The nurse should instruct the parents that at the preschool age, play should focus on social, mental, and physical development. Therefore, playing dress-up is a recommended play activity for this child.

A nurse is teaching a school-age child who has a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the child indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Answer: The child should administer regular insulin 30 min before meals so that the onset coincides with food intake. The child should administer regular insulin 30 min before meals so that the onset coincides with food intake.

A nurse is caring for a toddler who has spastic (pyramidal) cerebral palsy. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)

Answers: Ankle clonus Exaggerated stretch reflexes Contractures

Chart question: A nurse on a pediatric unit is admitting a preschooler. After reviewing the information in the medical record, the nurse should identify that the child is at risk for developing which of the following conditions? Complete the following sentence by using the list of options.

First drop down option: Splenomegaly is correct. Second drop down option: Positive mononucleosis rapid test is correct.

A nurse is teaching the parent of an infant who has a Pavlik harness for the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip. The nurse should identify that which of the following statements by the parent indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Answer: "I will place my infant's diapers under the harness straps." To prevent soiling of the harness, the parent should apply the infant's diaper under the straps.

A nurse in an emergency department is caring for an adolescent who has severe abdominal pain due to appendicitis. Which of the following locations should the nurse identify as McBurney's point? (You will find "hot spots" to select in the artwork below. Select only the hot spot that corresponds to your answer.)

Answer: A

A nurse is caring for a school-age child who is receiving chemotherapy and is severely immunocompromised. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Answer: Screen the child's visitors for indications of infection. A child who is severely immunocompromised is unable to adequately respond to infectious organisms, resulting in the potential for overwhelming infection. Therefore, the nurse should screen the child's visitors for indications of infection.

Chart Question: The nurse is caring for the child 4 days after admission. After reviewing the child's assessment, which of the following findings should the nurse address first? Complete the following sentence by using the lists of options.

Answer: First drop down box : Temperature is correct. Second Drop down box: Pain is correct.

A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a school-age child who has appendicitis and rates their abdominal pain as 7 on a scale of 0 to 10. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Answer: Give morphine 0.05 mg/kg IV A pain level of 7 on a scale of 0 to 10 is considered severe. The nurse should administer an analgesic medication for pain relief

A nurse is caring for an infant who has respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Which of the following actions should the nurse implement for infection control?

Answer: Have a designated stethoscope in the infant's room The nurse should initiate droplet precautions for an infant who has RSV because the virus is spread by direct contact with respiratory secretions. Therefore, designated equipment, such as a blood pressure cuff and a stethoscope, should be placed in the infant's room.

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parent of a child who is 1 week postoperative following a cleft palate repair. For which of the following members of the interprofessional team should the nurse initiate a referral?

Answer: Speech therapist The nurse should initiate a referral for a speech therapist for a child who is postoperative following a cleft palate repair. A child who has a cleft palate will require speech therapy immediately following the repair to support speech development and future articulation.

Chart Question: The nurse is caring for the child 14 days after admission. The child has returned to the unit following the procedure. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply.

Answers: Provide 100% oxygen via face mask is correct. Check anterior neck and chest dressing for bleeding is correct Place a warm blanket on the child is correct. Keep the child's head in a neutral position is correct.

Chart Question: The nurse is continuing to care for the child. After examining the child during hydrotherapy, the provider enters prescriptions into the child's medical record. For each potential provider's prescription, click to specify if the potential prescription is anticipated or contraindicated for the child.

Answers: Change the morphine route to family-controlled analgesia via a PCA pump anticipated Obtain a Wound culture-anticipated Place the child on a pressure-reduction mattress.-anticipated Limit protein intake-contraindicated

A nurse is caring for a preschooler whose father is going home for a few hours while another relative stays with the child. Which of the following statements should the nurse make to explain to the child when their father will return?

Answer: "Your daddy will be back after you eat." Preschoolers make sense of time best when they can associate it with an expected daily routine, such as meals and bedtime. Therefore, the child comprehends time best when it is explained to them in relation to an event they are familiar with, such as eating.

A school nurse is assessing an adolescent who has multiple burns in various stages of healing. Which of the following behaviors should the nurse identify as a possible indication of physical abuse?

Answer: Denies discomfort during assessment of injuries The nurse should suspect child maltreatment in the form of physical abuse if the adolescent has a blunted response to painful stimuli or injury.

A nurse is preparing to administer an immunization to a 4-year-old child. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

Answer: Administer the immunization using a 24-gauge needle. The nurse should administer an immunization for a 4-year-old child using a 22- to 25- gauge needle to minimize the amount of pain the child experiences.

A nurse is caring for a school-age child who is in Buck's traction following a leg fracture 24 hr ago. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Answer: Assess peripheral pulses once every 4 hr Buck's traction is a type of skin traction that can be used to immobilize extremities prior to surgery. The nurse should provide frequent neurovascular checks at least every 4 hr after the first 24 hr of placement in Buck's traction. The nurse should monitor and report signs of neurovascular impairment in the extremities such as cyanosis, edema, pain, absent pulses, and tingling.

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a school-age child who is experiencing fatigue. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as an indication of anemia?

Answer: Hematocrit 28% The nurse should recognize that this hematocrit level is below the expected reference range of 32% to 44% for a school-age child. The child can exhibit fatigue, lightheadedness, tachycardia, dyspnea, and pallor due to the decreased oxygen-carrying capacity.

A nurse is reviewing the lumbar puncture results of a school-age child who is suspected of having bacterial meningitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of bacterial meningitis?

Answer: Increased protein concentration The nurse should identify that an increased protein concentration in the spinal fluid is a finding that can indicate bacterial meningitis.

A nurse is planning care for a school-age child who is in the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury (AKI) and has a sodium level of 129 mEq/L. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?

Answer: Initiate seizure precautions for the child. A sodium level of 129 mEq/L indicates hyponatremia and places the child at increased risk for neurological deficits and seizure activity. The nurse should complete a neurologic assessment and implement seizure precautions to maintain the child's safety.

A nurse is assessing a school-age child who has meningitis. Which of the following findings is the priority for the nurse to report to the provider?

Answer: Petechiae on the lower extremities The presence of a petechial or purpuric rash on a child who is ill can indicate the presence of meningococcemia. This type of rash indicates the greatest risk of serious rapid complications from sepsis and should be reported immediately to the provider.

A nurse is assessing a 3-year-old toddler at a well-child visit. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse report to the provider?

Answer: Respiratory rate 45/min The nurse should identify that a respiratory rate of 45/min is above the expected reference range of 20 to 25/min for a 3-year-old toddler and can indicate respiratory dysfunction and acute respiratory distress. Therefore, the nurse should report this finding to the provider.

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of an infant who is receiving treatment for severe dehydration. The nurse should identify that which of the following laboratory values indicates effectiveness of the current treatment?

Answer: Sodium 140 mEq/L The nurse should identify that a sodium level of 140 mEq/L is within the expected reference range of 134 to 150 mEq/L and indicates the current treatment regimen the infant is receiving for dehydration is effective.

Chart Question: The nurse is providing discharge teaching to the child and their parent 36 days after admission. Select 6 statements by the parent that indicate an understanding of the discharge teaching.

Answers: "I should apply a moisturizer to the scar tissue" is correct. "I will use a measured spoon or medicine cup to give my child hydroxyzine" is correct. "I can give my child hydroxyzine every 6 hours as needed" is correct. "Puppet play can be helpful for my child" is correct. "I need to assess for any redness or open skin areas before applying my child's left arm splint" is correct. "My child will need to use a compression garment to decrease blood supply to the scarred tissue" is correct.

Chart Question: A nurse in a provider's office is caring for a preschooler. Which of the following statements by a guardian indicate that the discharge teaching was effective? Select all that apply.

Answers: "We should apply a skin emollient immediately after bathing our child" is correct. "We should keep our child's fingernails trimmed short" is correct. "We should use a mild detergent for our laundry" is correct.

Chart Question: A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a 4-year-old child who was rescued from a home fire by emergency medical services (EMS). The nurse should identify that which of the following findings require immediate follow-up? Select the 3 findings that require immediate follow-up.

Answers: Partial- and full-thickness burns to the left upper anterior chest and anterior neck is correct. SaO2 89% on room air is correct. Heart rate 150/min is correct

A nurse is assessing a 4-year-old child at a well-child visit. Which of the following developmental milestones should the nurse expect to observe?

Answer : Cuts an outlined shape using scissors The nurse should recognize that an expected developmental milestone of a 4-year-old child is using scissors to cut out a shape.

A nurse is preparing to collect a sample from a toddler for a sickle-turbidity test. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

Answer : Perform a finger stick The nurse should perform a finger stick on a toddler as a component of the sickle-turbidity test. If the test is positive, hemoglobin electrophoresis is required to distinguish between children who have the genetic trait and children who have the disease.

A nurse is assessing the vital signs of a 10-year-old child following a burn injury. The nurse should identify that which of the following findings is an indication of early septic shock?

Answer: Temperature 39.1° C (102.4° F) The nurse should identify that a temperature of 39.1° C (102.4° F) is above the expected reference range of 37° to 37.5° C (98.6° to 99.5° F) for a 10-year-old child. The nurse should expect a child who has early septic shock to have a fever and chills.

A nurse is caring for an adolescent who received a kidney transplant. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication the adolescent is rejecting the kidney?

Answer: Serum creatinine 3.0 mg/dL Creatinine is a byproduct of protein metabolism and is excreted from the body through the kidneys. An elevated serum creatinine level, therefore, can be an indication that the kidneys are not functioning. The nurse should identify that the adolescent's serum creatinine level is higher than the expected reference range of 0.4 to 1.0 mg/dL for an adolescent and can indicate rejection of the kidney.

A nurse is auscultating the lungs of an adolescent who has asthma. The nurse should identify the sound as which of the following? (Click on the audio button to listen to the clip.)

Answer: Tachypnea The nurse should identify the sound heard during auscultation as tachypnea, which is a rapid, regular breathing pattern. This breathing pattern often occurs with anxiety, fever, metabolic acidosis, or severe anemia.

A nurse is providing dietary teaching to the parent of a school-age child who has celiac disease. The nurse should recommend that the parent offer which of the following foods to the child?

Answer: White rice The nurse should recommend that the parent offer white rice to the child because it is a gluten-free food. The nurse should instruct the parent that the child will remain on a lifelong gluten-free diet and the child should not consume oats, rye, barley, or wheat, and sometimes lactose deficiency can be secondary to this disease.

Chart Question: A nurse in a provider's office is preparing to administer immunizations to a toddler during a well-child visit. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? (Click on the "Exhibit" button for additional information about the client. There are three tabs that contain separate categories of data.)

Answer: Withhold the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. The nurse should recognize that an allergy to neomycin with an anaphylactic reaction is a contraindication for receiving the MMR vaccine. Clients who have a severe allergy to eggs or gelatin should not receive this vaccine.

A school nurse is preparing to administer atomoxetine 1.2 mg/kg/day PO to a school-age child who weighs 75 lb. Available is atomoxetine 40 mg/capsule. How many capsules should the nurse administer per day? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

Answer: 1

A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has experienced a tonic-clonic seizure. Which of the following actions should the nurse take during the immediate postictal period?

Answer : Place the child in a side-lying position. The nurse should place the child in a side-lying position to prevent aspiration

Matching Question: A nurse is caring for a preschooler who has been receiving IV fluids via a peripheral IV catheter. When preparing to discontinue the IV fluids and catheter, which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? (Move the steps into the box on the right, placing them in the order of performance. Use all the steps.)

1st: Turn off the IV pump 2nd: Occlude the IV tubing 3rd: Remove the tape securing the catheter 4th: Apply pressure over the catheter insertion

A hospice nurse is caring for a preschooler who has a terminal illness. One of the preschooler's parents tells the nurse that they cannot cope anymore and are thinking about moving out of the house. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

Answer: "Let's talk about some of the ways you have handled previous stressors in your life." This statement offers a general lead to allow the parent to express their feelings and previous actions when faced with stressful situations. It also helps the parent to focus on ways that they can cope with the current situation.

Chart Question: A nurse on a pediatric unit is caring for a school-age child. After reviewing the information in the child's medical record, which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider? Select the 4 findings that the nurse should report to the provider.

Answer: Arterial blood gases is correct. WBC count is correct. Oxygen saturation level is correct. Respiratory assessment is correct.

A nurse is creating a plan of care for an infant who has an epidural hematoma from a head injury. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?

Answer: Implement seizure precautions for the infant. An infant who has an epidural hematoma is at great risk for seizure activity. Therefore, the nurse should implement seizure precautions for the child.

A nurse is admitting a school-age child who has pertussis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Answer: Initiate droplet precautions for the child. The nurse should initiate droplet precautions for a child who has pertussis, also known as whooping cough. Pertussis is transmitted through contact with infected large-droplet nuclei that are suspended in the air when the child coughs, sneezes, or talks.

A nurse is caring for a school-age child who is receiving a blood transfusion. Which of the following manifestations should alert the nurse to a possible hemolytic transfusion reaction?

Answer: Flank pain The nurse should recognize that flank pain is caused by the breakdown of RBCs and is an indication of a hemolytic reaction to the blood transfusion.

A nurse is caring for a toddler who is experiencing acute diarrhea and has moderate dehydration. Which of the following nutritional items should the nurse offer to the toddler?

Answer: Oral rehydration solution A toddler who has acute diarrhea should consume an oral rehydration solution to replace electrolytes and water by promoting the reabsorption of water and sodium. This promotes recovery from dehydration.

A charge nurse in an emergency department is preparing an in-service for a group of newly licensed nurses about the manifestations of child maltreatment. Which of the following manifestations should the charge nurse include as a potential indication of physical abuse?

Answer: Symmetric burns of the lower extremities The nurse should include that symmetric burns to the lower extremities can indicate physical abuse. The patterns are usually characteristic of the method or object used, such as cigar or cigarette burns, or burns in the shape of an iron.

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a 7-year-old child who is receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse report to the provider?

Answer: Hgb 8.5 g/dL A child receiving chemotherapy is at risk for anemia due to the chemotherapy effects on the blood-forming cells of the bone marrow. The development of anemia is diagnosed through laboratory testing of hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. The nurse should recognize that a hemoglobin level of 8.5 g/dL is below the expected reference range of 10 to 15.5 g/dL for a 7-year-old child and should be reported to the provider.

A nurse is teaching the guardian of a 6-month-old infant about car seat use. Which of the following statements by the guardian indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Answer: "I should secure the car seat using lower anchors and tethers instead of the seat belt." Lower anchors and tethers, or the LATCH child safety seat system, should be used to secure an infant's car seat in the vehicle. This system provides anchors between the front cushion and the back rest for the car seat. Therefore, if this system is available, the seat belt does not have to be used.

A nurse is planning care for a toddler who has a serum lead level of 4 mcg/dL. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

Answer: Schedule the toddler for a yearly rescreening. The nurse should schedule the toddler for a lead level rescreening in 1 year and educate the family on ways to prevent exposure.

A nurse is receiving change-of-shift report for four children. Which of the following children should the nurse see first?

Answer: A school-age child who has sickle cell anemia and reports decreased vision in the left eye When using the urgent vs. nonurgent approach to client care, the nurse should determine the priority finding is a report of decreased vision in the left eye. This finding indicates that the child is experiencing a vaso-occlusive crisis and should be reported to the provider immediately. Therefore, the nurse should see this child first.

A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a school-age child who is experiencing an anaphylactic reaction. Which of the following is the priority action by the nurse?

Answer: Administer epinephrine IM to the child. When using the urgent vs. nonurgent approach to client care, the nurse should determine that the priority action is administering epinephrine IM to the child. During an anaphylactic reaction, histamine release causes bronchoconstriction and vasodilation. This is an emergency because ultimately this causes decreased blood return to the heart.

Chart Question: A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a 4-year-old child who was rescued from a home fire by emergency medical services (EMS). Which of the following potential provider prescriptions should the nurse identify as anticipated or contraindicated? For each potential provider's prescription, click to specify if the potential prescription is anticipated or contraindicated for the child.

Apply sterile gauze soaked with cool 0.9% sodium chloride to the burn areas is contraindicated. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter is anticipated Provide 100% oxygen via face mask is anticipated.. Weigh the child is anticipated.

A nurse is teaching the parent of an infant about ways to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Answer: "Give the infant a pacifier at bedtime." The nurse should inform the parent that protective factors against SIDS include breastfeeding and the use of a pacifier when the infant is sleeping.

A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a toddler who has partial-thickness burns on their right arm. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Answer: Cleanse the affected area with mild soap and water. The nurse should wash the affected area with mild soap and water to remove any loose tissue that could cause infection.

A nurse is providing teaching to the parent of an infant who has diaper dermatitis. The nurse should instruct the parent to apply which of the following to the affected area?

Answer: Zinc oxide Diaper dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disorder caused by contact with an irritant such as urine, feces, soap, or friction, and takes the form of scaling, blisters, or papules with erythema. Providing a protective barrier, such as zinc oxide, against the irritants allows the skin to heal.