Chapter 5

As social system begin to change, there is often a(n) ____________ where key events establish new norms, rules, or ways of doing things. A. Critical juncture B. Lock-in C. Path resistance D. Utopia

A. Critical juncture

Many sociologists believe that people have free will. Which of the following details best supports this belief? A. History shows how societies change over time B. People are influenced by social structure like social groups C. Every person ha s a different role to fulfill in society D. People interact with each other every day

A. History shows how societies change over time

Which of the following is an example of an individual experiencing discrimination? A. A new student, wearing worn-out clothing, is not allowed to sit at a table by students who wear expensive clothing B. A popular baseball pitcher is seriously injured and must retire from the sport as a result of the injury C. A child has to wait in line behind other children to buy ice cream truck D. A woman decides to start a small business of her own and applies for a business loan

A. A new student, wearing worn-out clothing, is not allowed to sit at a table by students who wear expensive clothing

What type of organization is also a social institution? A. A school B. A book club C. A scout troop D. A celebrity fan club

A. A school

Which of the following best highlights the relationship between social class and an individual's life chances? A. A woman is less likely to get promoted to a position that pays higher salary than a man B. A child is often watched by siblings instead of by a paid babysitter C. An individual grows up in a small town and decides to go to college in a large city D. A person works hard at a job and receives a promotion to a higher position

A. A woman is less likely to get promoted to a position that pays higher salary than a man

Immigrants have come to the United States form many different countries; in recent years many immigrants have come from Mexico. If the Mexican American population continues to grow in the United States, which of the following is most likely to happen? A. Americans may feel threatened and may exclude Mexican American by active discrimination B. People who are not from Mexico may choose to immigrate to Mexico for better opportunities C. Mexican American will discriminate against hiring other Mexican Americans D. Mexican Americans will be quickly integrated into all social levels of society

A. Americans may feel threatened and may exclude Mexican American by active discrimination

A sociologist observes a group of graffiti artists and notices that the group celebrates a finished piece of graffiti by pouring a little soda onto the graffiti. What question should the sociologists ask the graffiti artist in order to find out if this is an institution? A. How long have graffiti artists celebrated finishing graffiti in this way? B. Does everyone in the group like pouring soda on a finished piece of graffiti? C. How many pieces of graffiti has the group completed? D. How many people are in this group of graffiti artists?

A. How long have graffiti artists celebrated finishing graffiti in this way?

Mei wants to learn about the different components of social structure. Which of the following research studies would help her achieve this? A. Observing how governmental laws influence wealthy and poor people differently B. Conducting a survey of low-income people regarding their grocery shopping habits C. Researching the steps to having a new law passed y the local government D. Interviewing the head of a multi-million dollar technology company

A. Observing how governmental laws influence wealthy and poor people differently

The foundation of social order is known as ____________. A. Social structure B. Social status C. Social mobility D. Social heirarchy

A. Social structure

Which of the following statements is true about social structures? A. Social structures both limit people and give people a sense identity B. Social structure endure because most people are comfortable with hierarchies C. Most social structures keep people within certain roles D. Social structures offer people a limited number of choice

A. Social structures both limit people and give people a sense identity

Sociologists refer to the range of government and legal branches, including agencies and offices of the government, law-making bodies, the legal system, the military, and even the Constitution, as __________. A. The state B. Rules of action C. Legal order D. Informal contol

A. The state

Which of the following best highlights the relationship between the state and the individual? A. The state can have an enormous impact on individual lives through shifts in government power B. The state generally disrupts social inequalities to maintain satisfaction at the individual level C. The state always defines how people will interact with one another D. The state may legally regulate people's lives but does not affect people's identities

A. The state can have an enormous impact on individual lives through shifts in government power

A contemporary sociologist is asked to express his viewpoint about social structure and individuals. Which of the following statements is the contemporary sociologist most likely to say? A. "The way that people influence each other is far more powerful than the way that societal structures influences people." B. "Life is a balance between an individual's free will and society's deeply ingrained structure." C. "Although society deeply affected people in the past, society poses little influence on the modern generation." D. "Most individuals live ruled by the structure of society and have limited ability to make free choice."

B. "Life is a balance between an individual's free will and society's deeply ingrained structure."

____________ refer(s) to a well structured set of content and lessons for people to learn. A. Class B. Curriculum C. Social Norms D. Ideology

B. Curriculum

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between social norm and formal rules? A. Most of the time we can get away with violating a rule, but we cannot get away with violating a norm B. Norms are things we just know, whereas rules are things we may have to look up in a legal code to find C. Rules are much less important in everyday life than norms D. Both norms and rules are important for everyday life, but unlike rules, norms are rarely if ever violated by the public

B. Norms are things we just know, whereas rules are things we may have to look up in a legal code to find

In a certain town, Person A owns a company and makes a much higher income than his employees. In this town, there is an initiative to make it illegal for owners to make it significantly more than employees. Which of the following best predict how Person A will most likely behave? A. Person A will be interested in changing the social structure and will vote to pass the initiative B. Person A will try to maintain the social structure and will vote to oppose the initiative C. Person A will try to offer employees significant raises D. Person A will try to maintain the social structure and will not vote at all

B. Person A will try to maintain the social structure and will vote to oppose the initiative

The rules and expectations that are associated with different positions are known as a person's ___________. A. Preference B. Role C. Mobility D. Welfare

B. Role

What is the process by which people learn the standards and expectations of their cultures? A. Generalization B. Socialization C. Development D. Self-analysis

B. Socialization

Which of the following is an example of a limit society places on certain people so that those people have difficulty moving up into higher social positions? A. Socialism mobility B. The glass ceiling C. Life changes D. Social hierarchy

B. The glass ceiling

Which of the following is the best definition of the term "social structure"? A. Different roles people have within society B. Common social norms C. A collection of different parts of society D. The various class levels within society

C. A collection of different parts of society

Which of the following correctly defines the term "institution"? A. A structure made of different social classes B. A set of opportunities an individual encounters in life C. A long-lasting social custom or tradition D. A group brought together by a shared purpose

C. A long-lasting social custom or tradition

Which of the following describes how social structures are mot likely to change? A. An entire social structure might change when a few people work together B. A part of a social structure can only change if everyone in society agrees C. A part of a social structure might change gradually and over time D. an entire social structure might change very quickly and completely

C. A part of a social structure might change gradually and over time

Some sociologists think of the social structure of society as like a multi-floor building. Which of the following could be another way to think of social structure? A. A row of books at a library B. A person paddling a canoe down a river C. A video game with increasing levels D. A cell phone that has run out of battery power

C. A video game with increasing levels

One reason social structure are likely to persist is simply because there is often _____________ existing roles/hierarchies and norms/institutions. A. An unusual condition for people to engage in B. Active public disagreement about C. Broad public support for D. Institutional norms disrupting

C. Broad public support for

Which of the following statements best highlights the relationship between social roles and playing games? A. Playing games as a child teaches children appropriate roles and makes adapting to new situations nearly impossible B. It is only through playing games as children that we are able to learn our social roles C. Children may play games that include role playing. By practicing to be adults, these children are learning their assigned roles D. As children grow up, the can recall the roles that they played in the games during their youth in order to play games as an adult

C. Children may play games that include role playing. By practicing to be adults, these children are learning their assigned roles

A sociologist observes a family of immigrants in their new country and notices how the family eats dinner outside every night to celebrate during a special religious period. What question should the sociologist ask the immigrant family in order to find out if this is an example of socialization? A. Are there certain foods your family tends ti eat during these outdoor dinners? B. Are there members of the family that do not like to celebrate the religious period in this way? C. Did you celebrate the religious period in the same way in your old country? D. Do you have family members in your old country that plan to immigrate?

C. Did you celebrate the religious period in the same way in your old country?

A husband and wife just had their first child. The husband would like to stay home with their child while the wife goes back to work, but the wife receives more leave from her job than her husband. So the wife stays home with the child. The decision for the wife to stay home is an example of ___________. A. Life course B. A social movement C. Path dependency D. Critical mass

C. Path dependency

Although the saying suggests that " you can't teach an old dog new tricks," sociologists know that ___________. A. Old people cannot learn new tricks B. Dogs can teach humans new tricks C. People continue to learn and adapt to new situation in life all of the time D. People can teach old dogs new tricks

C. People continue to learn and adapt to new situation in life all of the time

Which of the following statements best reflects the relationship between power and privilege? A. People who are granted privileges in their society are likely to experience discrimination and a loss of power because of those privileges B. Power and privilege are not related in the everyday lives of individuals C. People who are granted privileges in their society are likely to have more access to power than others D. People are rarely granted real power in contemporary societies, but instead are offered privileges

C. People who are granted privileges in their society are likely to have more access to power than others

Which of the following situations the relationship between path dependency and social structure? A. A father in the military feels guilty for having to move his family all across the world as he is stationed in different locations B. As people age, they learn new ways in which to interpret their relationship with other people C. Phil does not want to get a ticket so he stops at stop light that are res, even if it is the middle of the night and there are no other cars at the intersection D. After a daughter graduates from college, she decided to apply for a job at an engineering firm across the country from her family. She is sad to move so far away.

C. Phil does not want to get a ticket so he stops at stop light that are res, even if it is the middle of the night and there are no other cars at the intersection

Which of the following statements about social structures is true? A. Social structures only persist when everyone agrees with them B. Social structures are formed very quickly C. Social structures tend to endure for long periods D. Social structures have quickly changed in the course of history

C. Social structures tend to endure for long periods

An immigrant moves to a new country. In the immigrant's old country, people used their right hands to hold forks while eating. In the immigrant's new country, people use both their right and their left hands to eat. Soon, the immigrant begins using both her left and right hands to eat. This is an example of _________. A. Social mobility B. Habitus C. Socialization D. Life changes

C. Socialization

A group of city residents is frustrated that so many firehouses are being closed around the city. This group wants the firehouse in their neighborhood left open. They protest in front of city hall, write letters, and collect signatures. Eventually, they convince the city to leave the firehouses in their neighborhood open, even though the city continues to close other firehouses. This group illustrates ____________. A. The power of a group of people in a higher social class B. How wealth can create opportunities for some people C. The ability for interest groups to influence society D. That all societies have social inequalities

C. The ability for interest groups to influence society

Years ago, it was uncommon for the average American to attend college. Now, it is common and it is expected that many American will attend college. This is an example of _____________. A. The development of new social roles B. Following a life course C. The institutionalization of an idea D. A change in social hierarchies

C. The institutionalization of an idea

Which of the following is an example of a social component of social structure? A. A social networking fad B. An individual C. A chat room D. A college

D. A college

Which of the following is a true statement about social structures? A. Some individuals are not affected by the social structures in which they live B. Social structures can be easy to influence or change C. The purpose of social structures is to limit some people's opportunities D. All societies have a form of social structure

D. All societies have a form of social structure

Alycia was raised by wealthy family, whereas Brandi was raised by a family in poverty. According to sociologists, how will their lives most likely be different? A. Brandi will receive more life chances than Alycia B. Brandi will develop more social roles than Alycia C. Alycia will be more likely to immigrate than Brandi D. Alycia will receive more life chances than Brandi

D. Alycia will receive more life chances than Brandi

Which of the following correctly defines the term "social hierarchy"? A. New social norms and long lasting social norms B. Different roles people perform within society C. Different types of societies around the world D. Groups within society that have different social statuses

D. Groups within society that have different social statuses

Sociologists ___________ what is "structural" in a society and what is not. A. Always disagrees about B. Never actually know C. Always agree about D. Sometimes disagree about

D. Sometimes disagree about

Which of the following is another way to define the term "immigration"? A. When many people work together to travel to a new place B. When a generation of people enter the workforce at the same time C. When a group of people work to alter society D. When a person takes up residence in a new country

D. When a person takes up residence in a new country