Nutrition Ch. 1 - Ch. 10

Place the following stages of glucose breakdown in order. Citric Acid Cycle Pyruvate--> Acetyl CoA Glycolysis Electron Transport Chain

1) Glycolysis 2) Pyruvate--> Acetyl CoA 3) Citric Acid Cycle 4) Electron Transport Chain

According to AMDR guidelines, protein should comprise ____________% of ones total energy intake. A) 10 to 35 B) 20 to 45 C) 30 to 55 D) 40 to 65

A) 10 to 35

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals? A) Blueberries B) Margarine C) Chicken D) Tuna

A) Blueberries

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion? A) Pancreas B) Pituitary C) Liver D) Gallbladder

A) Pancreas

Which of the following lifestyle choices is the primary cause of preventable cancer deaths in the United States? A) Smoking cigarettes B) Consuming alcohol C) Eating fatty foods D) Excising infrequently

A) Smoking cigarettes

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate? A) Soluble fiber B) Glucose C) Lactose D) High-fructose corn syrup

A) Soluble fiber

Jared has a high risk of cardiovascular disease, because he has __________. A) chronic high blood pressure B) a family history of cystic fibrosis C) high blood levels of HDL cholesterol D) Asian ancestry

A) chronic high blood pressure

In-store food marketing efforts are primarily designed to accomplish all of the following EXCEPT........ A) help shoppers make healthy food choices B) direct shoppers to more profitable items C) stimulate the senses D) increase sales

A) help shoppers make healthy food choices

goblet cells produce A) mucus B) hydrochloric acid C) gastric juice D) digestive enzymes

A) mucus

The ______________ cells of the gastric glands synthesize and release intrinsic factor, which is necessary for the vitamin B12 absorption. A) parietal B) chief C) pyloric D) mucous

A) parietal

The body uses cholesterol to make ___________. A) steroid hormones B) fatty acids C) vitamin A D) water

A) steroid hormones

Check all that apply..... Which of the following is NOT an example of catabolic reaction? Amino acid--> glucose Amino Acid--> Carbon Dioxide and water Glucose--> Carbon Dioxide and Water Carbon Dioxide and Water--> Amino Acids

Amino acid--> glucose Carbon Dioxide and Water--> Amino Acids

_____________ are considered cancerous tumors. A) Benign tumors B) Malignant tumors C) Malignant and benign tumors

B) Malignant tumors

What vitamin is necessary as part of the coenzyme that facilitates transanimation and deanimation reactions? A) Niacin B) Vitamin B-6 C) Riboflavin D) Vitamin B-12

B) Vitamin B-6

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does NOT supply any energy for the human body? A) Fat B) Vitamin D C) Protein D) Carbohydrate

B) Vitamin D

The riboflavin deficiency disease is known as _______________. A) scoliosis B) ariboflavinosis C) anencephaly D) spina bifida

B) ariboflavinosis

Julian ate a baked potato as a side with his dinner. the starch in the baked potato will to be digested A) in the stomach B) in the mouth C) in the large intestine D) in the small intestine

B) in the mouth

When a person is in ________________, their nitrogen intake is balanced with their nitrogen losses. A) positive nitrogen balance B) nitrogen equilibrium C) negative nitrogen balance

B) nitrogen equilibrium

According to the observations of a nutrition scientist, laboratory mice are healthier when their diet contains physiological levels of vitamin D than when their diets lacks the micro nutrient. The scientist hypothesizes that mice will be less likely to develop cancer when they consume a diet that supplies mega doses of vitamin D. Based on this information, the scientist is ready to A) conduct a controlled laboratory experiment to the test the vitamin D and cancer hypothesis in mice. B) plan a retrospective study involving at least 5,000 laboratory mice to test the vitamin D and cancer hypothesis in mice. C) set up an experimental epidemiological study to test the vitamin D and cancer hypothesis in mice. D) design a double-blind study to test the vitamin D and cancer hypothesis in mice.

B) plan a retrospective study involving at least 5,000 laboratory mice to test the vitamin D and cancer hypothesis in mice.

A person claims her newly invented device treats cancer without surgery, medication, or other forms of conventional medical therapy. However, people who have used the device report that it was not helpful, and it may have harmed them. According to this information, the inventor's claims and her device are A) intuitive B) quackery C) legal D) unbiased

B) quackery

_____________ is the chemical pathway that is involved in the catabolism of an activated fatty acid.

Beta-oxidation

_____________ is necessary to assist in the passing of fatty acids through the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane during the process of beta-oxidation. A) Palmitate B) Coenzyme A C) Carnitine D) NAD

C) Carnitine

Which of the following is the best source of preformed vitamin A? A) soybeans B) Carrots C) Liver D) Apples

C) Liver

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate? A) High-fructose corn syrup B) Glucose C) Starch D) Carbon dioxide

C) Starch

Metabolic hormonal action can act while the digestive tract is absorbing nutrients, _____________, or when the digestive tract is inactive, ________________. A) preabsorptive; postabsorptive B) preabsorptive; absorptive C) absorptive; postabsorptive D) periabsorptive; semiabsorptive

C) absorptive; postabsorptive

Having a control group enables researchers to A) explore possible hypotheses for future research efforts. B) provide specific treatments to participants of the group. C) compare findings of the control with those of the experimental group. D) avoid using harmful interventions when testing control subjects' responses.

C) compare findings of the control with those of the experimental group.

Chyme moves from the stomach into the A) ileum B) colon C) duodenum D) jejunum

C) duodenum

Compare to a triglyceride molecule, an amino acid molecule _________________. A) is comprised of glucose units B) provides more energy C) has nitrogen in its chemical structure D) has three fatty acids attached to a glycerol

C) has nitrogen in its chemical structure

The primary function of adipocyte is ________________. A) glycogen synthesis B) glucose storage C) triglyceride storage D) protein synthesis

C) triglyceride storage

Which of the following describe a conditionally essential nutrient? A) A nutrient that becomes essential due to a metabolic disorder or serious disease (e.g. kidney or liver disease). B) A nutrient that may be made in the body, but in amounts that are inadequate. C) A nutrient that is normally nonessential, but becomes essential under certain conditions. D) All of the choices are correct

D) All of the choices are correct

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins? A) The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins B) The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins C) In general, water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins. D) In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins

D) In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins

A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets. If the article's author has the credentials, ___________, after his or her name, the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information. A) MS B) DN C) MD D) RDN

D) RDN

Which of the following hormones can adapt to increasing or decreasing metabolic rates? A) Cortisol B) Insulin C) Epinephrine D) Thyroid hormone

D) Thyroid hormone

Green leafy vegetables and orange juice are rich sources of ______________. A) thiamin B) vitamin B-12 C) iron D) folate

D) folate

The synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors including glycerol, lactate, pyruvate, and amino acids is called ________________. A) glycolysis B) beta-oxidation C) glycogenesis D) gluconeogenesis

D) gluconeogenesis

Vitamin C enhances the absorption of _________. A) niacin B) riboflavin C) calcium D) iron

D) iron

A chylomicron is a type of _______________. A) phospholipid B) fatty acid C) sterol D) lipoprotein

D) lipoprotein

True or False: Insulin is released in the post-absorptive state.

False

Check all that apply.... The citric acid cycle is a complex series of chemical reactions that converts the two-carbon acetyl CoA molecule into Hydrogen ions H2O CO2 pyruvate

H2O CO2

Check all that apply... Which of the following are key hormones in the regulation of metabolic activities? Insulin Calcitonin Thyroid hormone Glucagon Epinephrine

Insulin Thyroid hormone Glucagon Epinephrine

__________ ___________ occurs in the muscle cells and adipocytes because insulin receptors no longer function properly.

Insulin resistance

During _________ conditions, each molecule of pyruvate converts to lactic acid.

anaerobic

The most important products produced during the citric acid cycle are ___________________. (one word answer)

coenzymes

Check all that apply.... The priorities for amino acids derived from proteins are: create structural molecules synthesize enzymes convert to glucose and fatty acids produce ATP synthesize hormones

create structural molecules synthesize enzymes synthesize hormones

The pathway by which glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscle cells is ____________.

glycogenesis