ATI PHARM MADE EASY - The Respiratory System

A nurse is teaching a client about ipratropium. The nurse should include that this drug has which of the following adverse effects? (SATA) a. Muscle tremors b. Urinary retention c. Dry mouth d. Insomnia e. Tachycardia

b. ; c. Urinary retention can occur with ipratropium, an inhaled anticholinergic. Ipratropium can dry oral secretions.

A nurse is preparing to administer phenylephrine to a client. The nurse should identify that that which of the following manifestations is an adverse effect of this drug? a. Headache b. Sleepiness c. Hypotension d. Constipation

a. Oral sympathomimetics stimulate the adrenergic receptors, causing blood vessel constriction, which can cause nervousness, headache, blurred vision, and tremors

A nurse is monitoring plasma drug levels in a client whos is taking theophylline. Which of the following findings should he nurse expect to see if the clients drug level indicates toxicity? a. Seizures b. Constipation c. Normal Sinus rhythm d. Somnolence

a. Seizures are likely when plasma drug levels of theophylline, a methylxanthine, are higher than 30 mcg/mL, which indicates toxicity

A nurse should identify that dextromethorphan can have which of the following effects when combined with morphine. a. Reduced antitussive effect of dextromethorphan b. Potentiation of CNS actions c. Increased renal reabsorption of the dextromethorphan d. Delayed analgesic effect of the opioid

b. Combining dextromethorphan with an opioid, such as morphine, increases the risk for decreased respirations and other depressed CNS responses

A nurse is teaching a client about the use of antihistamines to treat allergic rhinitis. The nurse should explain that these drugs are effective because they perform which of the following actions? a. Decrease viscosity of nasal secretions b. Block H2 receptors c. Prevent histamine from binding to receptors d. Reduce nasal congestion

c. Antihistamines treat allergic rhinitis and reduce swelling by blocking histamine from binding to the receptor sites.

A nurse is teaching a client about albuterol. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for and report which of the following as adverse effect of this drug? a. Fever b. Bruising c. Polyuria d. Palpitations

d. Although not common at therapeutic doses, beta2 agonists can cause cardiac stimulation, resulting in chest pain, palpations , hypertension and arrhythmias

A nurse should recognize that using pseudoephedrine to treat allergic rhinitis requires cautious use with clients who have which of the following conditions? a. Peptic ulcer disease b. A seizure disorder c. Anemia d. Coronary artery disease

d. Because pseudoephedrine, on oral sympathomimetic, can cause systemic vasoconstriction, it requires cautious use with clients who have severe hypertension or coronary artery disease

A nurse is teaching a client about Montelukast. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a. Use a spacer to improve inhalation b. Take the drug at the onset of bronchospasm c. Rinse mouth to prevent an oral fungal infection d. Take the drug once a day in the evening.

d. Montelukast, a leukotriene modifier, is most effective when taken once per day in the evening

A nurse is teaching a client who is beginning fluticasone propionate/salmeterol therapy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a. Take the drug as needed for acute asthma. b. Follow a low-sodium diet. c. Use an alternate-day dosing schedule. d. Increase weight-bearing activity.

d. Weight-bearing activity can help minimize bone loss, which is an adverse effect of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol, an inhaled glucocorticoid and inhaled long-acting beta2 agonist (LABA) combination medication.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for zileuton. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a. Check apical pulse before taking the drug b. Take the drug only as needed before exercising c. Rinse mouth after using the drug d. Have laboratory test performed at regular intervals.

d. Zileuton, a leukotriene modifier, can cause liver injury. The Nurse should monitor liver function once a month for 3 months, then every 2 to 3 months during the first year of treatment.

For which of the following reasons should a nurse instruct a client to avoid taking guaifenesin with combination over-the-counter cold products? a. OTC cold products can contain guaifenesin b. Blood glucose levels increased c. Rebound congestion is likely d. Drug tolerance is likely

a. Many combination OTC cold products contain guaifenesin. A client taking both might be taking excessive amount of the drug. Combination products also contain multiple drugs to treat different manifestation, some of which the client might not have. All drugs have potential adverse effects, so the client should only use those required to treat symptoms and only in the recommended amounts.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for albuterol via inhaler and fluticasone via inhaler for asthma management. For which of the following reasons should the nurse instruct the client to use the albuterol inhaler before using the fluticasone inhaler? a. Albuterol will increase the absorption of fluticasone b. Albuterol will decrease inflammation c. Albuterol will reduce nasal secretions d. Fluticasone will reduce the adverse effects of albuterol

a. Albuterol, an inhaled, short acting beta2-agonist, causes bronchodilation, which will increase absorption of fluticasone, and inhaled glucocorticoid

A nurse is teaching a client who is taking prednisone for an acute asthma exacerbation. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a. "Avoid taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." b. "Rinse your mouth after taking the medication to prevent yeast infections." c. "Stop taking the medication if you become nauseous." d. "Change position slowly when standing up."

a. Gastric protective measures are essential for client who are taking oral glucocorticoids. Anti-inflammatory drugs can cause GI bleeding, so client should not take them concurrently with prednisone.

A nurse is teaching a client about the adverse effects of pseudoprime. Which of the following should the nurse include (SATA) a. Restlessness b. Bradycardia c. Insomnia d. Muscle pain e. Anxiety

a. ; c. ; e. Restlessness is an adverse effect of pseudoephedrine, an oral sympathomimetic. Insomnia is an adverse effect of pseudoephedrine. Anxiety is an adverse effect of pseudoprime.

Legal restrictions apply to the purchase of pseudoephedrine because of which of the following risks? a. Respiratory depression b. Drug Abuse c. Drug Tolerance d. Rebound congestion

b. Because it is possible to alter pseudoephedrine and epinephrine into methamphetamine, a commonly abused drug, the law restricts the drugs' purchase.

A nurse is caring for a client who is having difficulty mobilizing thick respiratory secretions. Which of the following drugs should the nurse expect to administer to the client? a. Ipratropium b. Beclomethasone c. Acetylcysteine d. Azelastine

c. Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic that loosens thick respiratory secretions.

A nurse is teaching a client about the use of beclomethasone to treat asthma. The nurse should explain that the drug has which of the following therapeutic effects? a. Thins mucus b. Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle c. Decreases inflammation d. Increases the cough threshold

c. Beclomethasone, an intranasal glucocorticoid, treats asthma by reducing inflammation

A nurse is teaching a client about using intranasal glucocorticoids. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give? a. Start at a low dose and gradually increase it b. Take the drug as needed for nasal congestion c. Allow at least 2 weeks for the full therapeutic effect d. Use the drug prior to exercise

c. It can take 2 or 3 weeks to see the full therapeutic effect of intranasal glucocorticoids.

A nurse is teaching a client about the use of a mucolytic to treat a cough. The nurse should include that a mucolytic has which of the following therapeutic effects? a. Suppresses the cough stimulus b. Reduces inflammation c. Thins and loosens mucus d. Dries secretions

c. Mucolytics make mucus less viscous to increase a cough's productivity.

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking codeine. the nurse should identify that which of the following assessments is priority to make? a. Blood pressure b. Apical heart rate c. Respirations d. Level of consciousness

c. The greatest risk to clients who are taking codeine, an opioid agonist, is severe respiratory depression. Therefore the respiratory rate is the priority assessment.

For which of the following reasons should a client attach a spacer to a metered-dose inhaler? a. To increase the amount of drug delivered to the lungs b. To increase the amount of drug delivered to the oropharynx c. To increase the amount of drug delivered on exhalation d. To increase the speed of drug delivery into the mouth

a. spacer increases the amount of drug that reaches the lungs

A nurse is teaching a client about ipratropium. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? a. Do not drink anything for 30 minutes after using the drug b. Wait 5 minutes between using the drug and another inhaled drug c. This Drug is used to this respiratory secretions d. Check pulse rate after inhaling the drug

b. Ipratropium, an inhaled anticholinergic, requires a 5-min wait between it's administration and that of another inhaled drug to allow for bronchodilation to take effect

A nurse is teaching an adult client about diphenhydramine. The nurse should inform the client to expect which of the following adverse effects while thing this drug? a. Muscle tremors b. Drowsiness c. Excitation d. Insomnia

b. The most common adverse effect of diphenhydramine, a first generation antihistamine, is drowsiness.

A nurse is teaching a client about the use of an expectorant to treat a cough. The nurse should include that an expectorant has which of the following therapeutic effects? a. Suppresses the cough stimulus b. Reduces surface tension c. Reduces inflammation d. Dries mucous membranes

b. Expectorants act by reducing the surface tension and viscosity of respiratory secretion's. The results in thinning thick mucus, making it easier to cough out of the lungs and drain out the nose and sinuses.

Acetylcysteine is a mucolytic that loosens thick respiratory secretions. a. Blood pressure b. Apical heart rate c. Respirations d. Level of consciousness

c. The greatest risk to clients who are taking codeine, an opioid agonist, is severe respiratory depression. Therefore, the respiratory rate is the priority assessment.