ATR4132 Human injuries: Mechanism and Prevention Exam 1
If an athlete provides their own protective equipment, the athletic trainer is not responsible for ensuring that it fits correctly and is maintained properly. T/f
False
It would be appropriate for a parent to recognize their high school child's group PPE for football as the equivalent of an annual check-up with a family physician. T/F
False
The purpose of an assumption of risk form is to warn athletes and their parents of the dangers inherent in participating in a sport. By having this form completed, the coach is no longer liable for any injuries that may occur. T/F
False
offers less cushioning of low-level impact, but can absorb more energy by deformation and, as such, transfers less stress to an area at higher impact intensity levels
High density materials
More accurate way to measure body composition
Hydrostatic weighing
Deforms quickly under stress; poor shock-absorbing qualities
Open-cell foam
Clinicians commonly use one of three scales to efficiently communicate the impact or strength of individual pieces of evidence and overall clinical recommendation. Those scales include all except GRADE SORT CEBM PICO
PICO
Which of the following is NOT a function of a neoprene sleeve? Provides compression Provides protection from external forces Provides therapeutic warmth
Provides protection from external forces
This exam is used if there is significant MOI that would indicate potential for a head neck or spinal injury, should take no more than two to three minutes.
Rapid Physical Exam
Neck, Chest, Abdomen, Lower Back, Pelvis, Lower Extremities, Upper Extremities
Rapid Physical Exam checklist
Determines if there are any changes in the patient's condition, this is performed after the secondary assessment.
Reassessment
Reassess Vital Signs Reassess Physical exam Reassess Interventions
Reassessment checklist
Type of visceral pain that travels along the same nerve pathways as somatic pain; perceived by the brain as somatic in origin (i.e., The injury is in one region, but the brain considers it in another.)
Referred pain
Knee Brace: •Provide immobilization at a selected angle •Permit controlled ROM through predetermined arcs •Prevent accidental loading in non-weight-bearing activity
Rehabilitative
Subjective and objective—observation, palpation, special tests Additional—assessment and planning
SOAPS
Requests additional EMS assistance if necessary Determines the scene/situation is safe Determines the mechanism of injury/nature of illness Considers stabilization of the spine
Scene size-up check list
Outlines the role and responsibilities of an individual in that profession Delineates what should be learned in the professional preparation of that individual Clearance for participation Final authority in determining participation status is the supervising physician, not the ATC
Scope of care
Rapid Physical Exam, Focused Physical Exam, Intervention
Secondary assessment
After calling 911 your next step should be: Perform a head to toe assessment Stabilize the cervical spine
Stabilize the cervical spine
Measured by what another minimally competent individual educated and practicing in that profession would have done in the same or similar circumstance to protect an individual from harm or further harm Dictated by the profession's duty or scope of care An individual acting as an athletic trainer will be held to the standard of care expected of an individual holding the ATC credential An individual acting as a physician will be held to the standard of care expected of an individual holding a medical license as a physician
Standard of care
If a fracture is suspected, the clinician should immobilize the joints above and below the fracture site. T/F
True
If prevention of hyperflexion of the great toe is desired, support tape strips are applied on the dorsum of the foot. T/F
True
Restricted circulation and reduced function of the body part can result from tape that is applied too tightly. T/F
True
Skin temperature should by assessed by touching the forehead with the back of your hand. T/F
True
When assessing level of responsiveness, the acronym AVPU stands for awake, vision, pain, unresponsive. alert, voice, pain, unresponsive. auditory, vision, pulse, unresponsive. awake, verbal, pulseless, unresponsive.
alert, voice, pain, unresponsive.
Subjective information is gained through the _____ of the HOPS process. history observation special testing palpation
history
The primary survey determines level of responsiveness and assesses airway, breathing, and circulation. scene safety blood pressure presence of fractures
level of responsiveness and assesses airway, breathing, and circulation.
Critical information that should be obtained during the on-site history includes mechanism of injury. family medical history number of witnesses use of over-the-counter medications
mechanism of injury.
When taping for wrist hyperflexion injury, support strips are placed on the palmar aspect of the hand. on the inferior aspect of the hand. on the dorsum of the hand.
on the dorsum of the hand.
In most taping techniques, each subsequent strip of tape should overlap the previous strip by one-quarter to one-third the width of the tape. one-half to two-thirds the width of the tape. one-half to one-third the width of the tape.
one-half to one-third the width of the tape.
Movement of an injured body part through the range of motion with NO assistance from the injured individual is termed resistive movement passive movement active movement isotonic movement
passive movement
The advantages of having an individual's primary care physician administer a PPE include all of the following except a potentially closer examiner-athlete relationship. the cost of the exam. a more thorough and comprehensive exam can be performed.
the cost of the exam.
When applying a wrap for a quadriceps strain, the wrap is directed in a(n) downward and lateral manner. upward and lateral manner. downward and medial manner.
upward and lateral manner.
The ideal completion time for the PPE is 6 weeks prior to the start of practice sessions. 2 weeks prior to the start of practice sessions. 1 to 2 days prior to the start of practice sessions.
6 weeks prior to the start of practice sessions.
Determines an individuals' body type (mesomorphic, endomorphic, and ectomorphic) to see whether he or she is properly-suited for a desired activity, sport, or position played in the sport.
Anthropometry
Purchasing of recommended equipment
Athletic director equipment duty
The air bladder in a football helmet should be inspected Weekly Monthly Daily
Daily
Diffuse or nagging; with possible stabbing pain; longer lasting Injury to bone, internal joint structures, or muscles
Deep Somatic Pain
The scene is safe and there appears to be one injured player. Your next appropriate step is to: Determine mehanism of injury Check players Vital signs
Determine mehanism of injury
What type of injury is likely to result from a low-velocity, high-mass force? Axial Diffuse Focal
Diffuse
Clinical practice guidelines, CATs, Cochrane reviews, and meta-analysis are all examples of medical subject headings Filtered information search terms unfiltered information
Filtered information
Where other clinicians and researchers have already searched the existing evidence, evaluated it, and synthesized a clinical recommendation. Examples include clinical practice guidelines, critically appraised topics (CATs), Cochrane reviews, evidence-based synopses, meta-analysis, and systematic reviews (SR).
Filtered information
This exam is used if there is no significant MOI that would indicate potential for a head neck or spinal injury. Focus the exam on the body part that the patient has the complaint about.
Focused Physical Exam
Knee Brace: •Provide proprioceptive feedback •Protect ACL
Functional
What are the domains of an Athletic Trainer
Injury/illness prevention and wellness protection Clinical evaluation and diagnosis Immediate and emergency care Treatment and rehabilitation Organization and professional health and well-being
Following the rapid physical assessment and focused physical exam. This is where treatment modalities will be implemented for the injured patient. (Ice, taping/wrapping, immobilization etc.)
Interventions
Bodyweight composed of nonfat or lean tissue, which includes muscles, tendons, bones, and connective tissue
Lean body weight
light and comfortable
Low density materials
Are the controlled medical vocabulary used by the United States National Library of Medicine in the Pubmed/MEDLINE databases
MeSH terms
Nylon-coated rubber material; sleeves provide uniform compression, therapeutic warmth, and support for a chronic injury; comfortable, allows full mobility, better absorption of sweat, less skin breakdown, and provides proprioceptive feedback
Neoprene
P = Patient/Problem I = Intervention/Variable of Interest C = Comparison O = Outcome T = Time
PICO or PICO/T
Provides information on things that patients would be most concerned (e.g., mobility, mortality, symptom improvement, health care cost, and quality of life)
Patient-oriented evidence that matters (POEM)
Self-reported questionnaires that patients complete throughout treatment to assess their quality of life
Patient-oriented outcome measures
You are called to the basketball gym to help a basketball player that has "fallen" your first step should be to: Call 911 Perform an initial scene size up Check to see if the player is alert
Perform an initial scene size up
Civil wrong done to an individual whereby the injured party seeks a remedy for damages suffered
Tort
Visceral pain results from an injury to an organ in the thoracic cavity. T/F
True
When asking about the characteristics of symptoms, it is important to determine location, onset, severity, frequency, and duration. T/F
True
Include individual research studies and expert opinions
Unfiltered information
The assurance that measurements represent what we think they represent is reliability reference standard Validity diagnostic accuracy
Validity
Which of the following activities can be used to measure power? 40-m dash Vertical Jump Grip Test
Vertical Jump
Low-velocity, high-mass
diffuse injury
Physiological information such as blood pressure would be ______-oriented evidence. pico patient disease athletic
disease
A slow, bounding pulse could be indicative of skull fracture high blood pressure leg fracture cardiac arrest
skull fracture
The NATA website highlights the importance of proper athletic training terminology as it helps eliminate confusion and/or inconsistencies when defining the AT's role in health care. Please select ALL of the following that are the preferred terms for an athletic trainer (when referring to the person, not the credential). Note: These are the required terms for publication in NATA journals. ATC trainer AT athletic trainer certified trainer
AT, athletic trainer
The alert patient is will be awake, responsive, oriented, and talking with you This is a patient who appears to be unresponsive at first, but will respond to a loud verbal stimulus from you - Note that the term verbal does not mean that the patient is answering your questions or initiating a conversation. The patient may speak, grunt, groan, or simply look at you If the patient does not respond to verbal stimuli, he may respond to painful stimuli such a sternal (breastbone) rub or a gentle pinch to the shoulder If the patient does not respond to either painful or verbal stimuli
AVPU scale (Alert, Verbal, Painful, Unresponsive)
SAMPLE (Signs/symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Pertinent past medical history, Last oral intake, Events leading to the illness or injury)
Acronym to obtain a patient's history
An individual commits an act that is not theirs to perform or commits an act that is their duty to perform but carries out the wrong procedure, leading to injury or harm Example: distributing prescription medication; failing to follow a physicians orders
Act of commission
An individual fails to perform a legal duty Example: failure to warn athletes of the potential risks associated with participation; failure to assess a reported injury
Act of omission
Which of the following is responsible for awarding the ATC credential and managing continuing education for ATs? National Athletic Trainers' Association Board of Certification Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE)
Board of Certification
Portion of total body weight that is composed of fat tissue
Body fat
"and," "or," and "not"
Boolean terms
The player is complaining of sever neck pain after falling on the court. Your next step should be to: Call additional help (911) Ask if they can stand and walk off the court for further assessment
Call additional help (911)
Used primarily for protection because air cannot pass from one cell to another; the material rebounds and returns to its original shape quickly but offers less cushioning at low levels of impact and is not as comfortable next to the skin
Closed-cell foam
The Education Council of the NATA is responsible for matters pertaining to athletic training education. Effective July 1, 2006, the recognized accrediting agency.
Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE)
Physiological information, such as blood pressure and joint range of motion measures, or symptoms, such as headache and nausea. It may also be referred to as clinician-oriented evidence.
Disease-oriented evidence
Proper fitting of the equipment
Equipment manager or athletic trainer equipment duty
A written guarantee that a product is safe for use is called a(n) Product safety standard Implied warranty Expressed warranty
Expressed warranty
The completion of a dental examination as part of the PPE is considered optional T/F
False
Knee braces designed to provide proprioceptive feedback and protect unstable anterior cruciate ligament injuries are Prophylactic Functional Rehabilitative
Functional
Subjective—history Objective—observation, palpation, special tests
HOPS
Recommending specific equipment for their sport
Head coach equipment duty
Focused History and Physical Exam (Secondary Survey) Patient History Vital Signs
History Taking Checklist
The developmental stage of an individual.
Physical maturation
Ensure the health and safety of a physically active individual in a specific age group in the intended sport/activity. Administered 6 weeks prior and reevaluated annualy.
Preparticipation Exam (PPE)
Determines responsiveness/level of consciousness Determines chief complaint/apparent life-threats Airway Breathing Circulation Identifies patient priority and makes treatment/transport decision
Primary survey/resuscitation check list
Knee Brace: •Protect the MCL •Redirect lateral valgus force to points distal to the joint
Prophylactic
Sharp, prickly; brief duration Injury to skin
Superficial Somtic Pain
Which of the following best illustrates a diagnostic sign? Nausea Swelling Headache Blurred vision
Swelling
The five stages based on pictorial standards of breast development and pubic hair for females and genitalia and pubic hair for males.
Tanner scale
Deep, nagging, and pressing; often accompanied by nausea and vomiting Injury to internal organ Referred pain
Visceral Pain
pulse, respiration, skin signs, pupils and blood pressure
Vital Signs
What is the term used to described unequal pupils? raccoon eyes battle sign dilation anisocoria
anisocoria
The EAP should be practiced every 3 tears every 5 years every 2 years annually
annually
The emergency action plan should use individual's names. address all possible emergency situation be generic for all facilities. be comprehensive and flexible.
be comprehensive and flexible.
In severe brain injuries, posturing characterized by extension of all four extremities is TBI rigidity. extension posturing. decerebrate rigidity. decorticate rigidity.
decerebrate rigidity.
In the absence of an athletic trainer, which of the following is not a responsibility of the coach? recognize the severity of an injury implement an emergency care plan design a rehabilitation program
design a rehabilitation program
Individuals who have a positive diagnosis according to the diagnostic test but really do not have the injury according to the reference standard are true positives true negatives false positives false negatives
false positives
High-velocity, low-mass
focal injury
Repeated friction and trauma to the ear can lead to a permanent deformity
hematoma auris or cauliflower ear
multifaceted process that occurs before and immediately upon arrival at the scene of an injury, prior to executing any other activities
scene size-up
Easier, faster, and nearly as reliable way to measure body composition
skinfold measurement