Attention Quiz 4

When we search a scene, initial fixations are most likely to occur on ____ areas. high-load low-saliency low-load high-saliency

high-saliency

If you are folding towels that have just come out of the laundry while watching television, you may find that you don't have to pay much attention to the process of folding the towels. This sort of familiar task that does not require much of your attention would be an example of a(n) ________ task. low-load high-load attenuated

low load

According to your text, the ability to divide attention depends on all of the following EXCEPT the difficulty of the tasks. task cueing. practice. the type of processing being used.

task cueing

The cocktail party effect is the diminished awareness of information in a crowd. the equal division of attention between competing stimuli. the ability to pay attention to one stimulus while filtering out other stimuli. the inability to pay attention to one stimulus in the presence of competing stimuli.

the ability to pay attention to one stimulus while filtering out other stimuli.

With the Stroop effect, you would expect to find longest response times when the color and the name differed. the color and the name matched. the shape and the name matched. the shape and the name differed.

the color and the name differed.

Which stage in Treisman's "attenuation model" has a threshold component? The attenuator The dictionary unit The filter The "leaky" filter

the dictionary unit

Broadbent's model is called an early selection model because only a select set of environmental information enters the system. the filtering step occurs before the information enters the sensory store. incoming information is selected by the detector. the filter eliminates unattended information right at the beginning of the flow of information

the filter eliminates unattended information right at the beginning of the flow of information

The Stroop effect occurs when participants try to select some incoming information based on meaning. are told to shadow two messages simultaneously. try to name colors and ignore words. are told to divide their attention between colors and shapes.

try to name colors and ignore words.

Eye tracking studies investigating attention as we carry out actions such as making a peanut butter sandwich shows that a person's eye movements continually scanned all objects and areas of the scene. were influenced by unusual objects placed in the scene. usually followed a motor action by a fraction of a second. were determined primarily by the task.

were determined primarily by the task.

According to the filter model of attention, which of the following messages would likely by identified by the filter? All sensory messages All messages selected by the filter All messages within earshot A message with an unfamiliar foreign accent

A message with an unfamiliar foreign accent

Which of the following everyday scenarios is most likely to support what the early selection approach would say about how attention will affect the performance of the two tasks involved? Conversing on the phone while doing a crossword puzzle Driving home while thinking about a problem at work Humming a familiar song while washing dishes Reading a novel while walking on a treadmill

Conversing on the phone while doing a crossword puzzle

The distribution of attention among two or more tasks is known as selective attention. divided attention. dual attention. divergent tasking.

divided attention

Which experimental result caused problems for Broadbent's filter model of selective attention? The result of Cherry's experiment demonstrating the cocktail party phenomenon The result of the "Dear Aunt Jane" experiment A result where listeners don't notice words presented up to 35 times in the unattended ear A result where listeners can shadow a message presented in the attended ear

The result of the "Dear Aunt Jane" experiment

According to Treisman's "attenuation model," which of the following would you expect to have the highest threshold for most people? Their child's first name The word "home" The word "platypus" The word "money"

The word "platypus"

Imagine that U.S. lawmakers are considering changing the driving laws and that you have been consulted as an attention expert. Given the principles of divided attention, in which of the following conditions would a person have the most difficulty with driving and therefore pose the biggest safety risk on the road? When the person is driving an unfamiliar vehicle that is more difficult to operate When the person has to drive to work early in the morning When the driver is stuck in stop-and-go traffic When the driver has to park in a crowded parking garage

When the person is driving an unfamiliar vehicle that is more difficult to operate

During a visit to the local museum, you appreciate the incredible beauty of the paintings displayed on the wall. Your ability to see the paintings as complete pictures rather than individual, disconnected dots of color, texture, and location is because of a process called _______. proximity contiguity binding accommodation

binding

Which theorist is responsible for proposing the idea of a filter model of attention? Elizabeth Loftus Monica McGoldrick Raymond Sanders Donald Broadbent

broadbent

Which of the following options would not be an important factor in automatic processing? ease in performing parallel tasks close attention tasks that are well-practiced the use of few cognitive resources

close attention

Illusory conjunctions are features that are consistent across different stimuli. misidentified objects using the context of the scene. combinations of features from the masking field and the stimuli. combinations of features from different stimuli.

combinations of features from different stimuli.

Results of precueing experiments show that participants respond more rapidly to a stimulus that appeared at the ____ location. cued topmost fixated rightmost

cued

Which of the following is an experimental procedure used to study how attention affects the processing of competing stimuli? Filtering Dichotic listening Early selection Channeling

dichotic listening

Which of the following is most closely associated with Treisman's attenuation theory of selective attention? Late selection Dictionary unit Precueing Stroop experiments

dictionary unit

Suppose twin teenagers are vying for their mother's attention. The mother is trying to pay attention to one of her daughters, though both girls are talking (one about her boyfriend, one about a school project). According to the operating characteristics of Treisman's attenuator, it is most likely the attenuator is analyzing the incoming messages in terms of meaning. language. physical characteristics. direction.

meaning

The Stroop effect demonstrates people's inability to ignore the ______ of words. meaning size font color

meaning

The main difference between early and late selection models of attention is that in late selection models, selection of stimuli for final processing doesn't occur until the information is analyzed for modality. physical characteristics. location. meaning.

meaning

In Schneider and Shiffrin's experiment, in which participants were asked to indicate whether a target stimulus was present in a series of rapidly presented "frames," divided attention was easier once processing had become automatic. when verbal processing was prohibited by the experimenters. when processing was done verbally. when processing was more controlled.

once processing had become automatic.

In Simons and Chabris's "change blindness" experiment, participants watch a film of people playing basketball. Many participants failed to report that a woman carrying an umbrella walked through because the participants were not asked if they saw anything unusual. woman with the umbrella was in motion, just like the players. the umbrella was the same color as the floor. participants were counting the number of ball passes.

participants were counting the number of ball passes.

The "filter model" proposes that the filter identifies the attended message based on modality. physical characteristics. meaning. higher order characteristics.

physical characteristics.

According to Treisman's feature integration theory, the first stage of perception is called the _____ stage. focused attention preattentive letter analysis feature analysis

preattentive

When a person is shadowing a message, he or she is ignoring it while paying attention to another message. saying the message out loud. silently following it mentally. thinking about something closely related to the message.

saying the message out loud.

When Sam listens to his girlfriend Susan in the restaurant and ignores other people's conversations, he is engaged in the process of ____ attention. selective low load cocktail party divided

selective