ITE 221 CH.2 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE QUIZ
Storage devices that hold data not needed by currently running programs are called ____ a. primary storage b. registers c. qubits d. secondary storage
d. secondary storage
____________________ data communication is common in computer networks that cover large distances.
Optical
For computer components such as processors, ____________________ are expected to gradually supplant electronics during the 21st Century.
Optics
The ____ chip provided integrated memory caches, enhanced computational capabilities, and increased raw CPU speed. Windows 95 was developed to take better advantage of this chip's capabilities. a. 8088 b. 80286 c. 80386 d. 80486
d. 80486
____ physics describes the behavior of matter at a subatomic level. a. Einsteinian b. Newtonian c. Relativity d. Quantum
d. Quantum
In current computer hardware, main memory is implemented with silicon-based semiconductor devices commonly called ____. a. Flash b. PROM c. ROM d. RAM
d. RAM
Quantum physics describes subatomic behavior with ____. a. physical rules b. mathematical rules c. physical laws d. a combination of physical rules and mathematical laws
d. a combination of physical rules and mathematical laws
A(n) ____ is a program in which different sets of instructions are applied to different data input values. a. system b. problem c. solution d. algorithm
d. algorithm
The ____ software layer has utility programs used by end users and system administrators to manage and control computer resources. a. system services b. machine independent c. machine dependent d. system management
d. system management
A(n) ____________________ is a group of dissimilar computers, connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide services or run a shared application.
grid
A key function of ____________________ software is allocating resources to users and programs.
SYSTEM
A(n) ____ is a stored set of instructions for responding to a specific request, much as you might look up a recipe to prepare a particular dish. a. operating system b. computer system c. compiler d. application program
d. application program
A ____ is a circuit board that contains most of a server. a. grid b. cloud c. cluster d. blade
d. blade
A tablet computer is a laptop computer that emphasizes small size, reduced weight, low cost, and wireless networking and is capable of performing only light-duty tasks, such as Web browsing, e-mailing, and word processing.
FALSE
All computers are automated computing devices, and all automated computing devices are computers.
FALSE
In classical physics, a subatomic particle, such as a photon, can be in multiple places at one time
FALSE
Mechanical computation devices cannot perform complex calculations.
FALSE
Mechanical computers such as the Mark One were used during World War I to compute trajectory tables for naval guns and torpedoes.
FALSE
Optics have little advantage over electronics in most areas of computing technology.
FALSE
The World Wide Web is sometimes called a network of networks because it interconnects millions of other networks.
FALSE
The biggest impetus for the change to electronic computing devices came during World War I.
FALSE
The need or idea that motivates a request for computer processing is stated at a specific level.
FALSE
____________________'s law is the mathematical formula that describes belief that the large and powerful computers will always be more cost effective than smaller ones.
Grosch
Optical computation harnesses the energy of moving ____ to perform computational work. a. muons b. photons c. electrons d. positrons
b. photons
The CPU contains a few internal storage locations called ____, each capable of holding a single instruction or data item. a. the ALU b. registers c. shifters d. the compiler
b. registers
In contrast to a formula, a program that implements an algorithm must include comparison and ____________________ instructions.
branching
The first commercially available quantum computer was built by ____. a. IBM b. Sony c. D-Wave d. Hewlett-Packard
c. D-Wave
____ signals can carry more data than electrical signals. a. Mechanical b. Digital c. Optical d. Quantum
c. Optical
In a modern digital computer, data is represented by groups of ____. a. qubits b. photons c. bits d. waves
c. bits
A ____ is a set of computing resources with front-end interfaces and back-end resources. a. grid b. cluster c. cloud d. blade
c. cloud
The complexity of modern networks arises from the huge quantity of ____. a. centralized resources b. local resources c. distributed resources d. cloud services
c. distributed resources
In the "layered approach," knowledge of the machine's physical details is embedded into system software and hidden from users and application programmers. This is commonly referred to as ____. a. machine dependence b. virtualization c. machine independence d. abstraction
c. machine independence
A ____ is a program that translates instructions in a programming language into CPU instructions. a. compiler b. linker c. program translator d. parser
c. program translator
Early mechanical computation devices were built to perform ____. a. text processing b. mathematical simulation c. repetitive mathematical calculations d. repetitive text operations
c. repetitive mathematical calculations
The term ____ can describe computers as small as midrange computers and as large as supercomputers. a. mainframe b. client c. server d. grid
c. server
The ____________________ is a general-purpose processor that executes all instructions and controls all data movement in the computer system.
central processing unit CPU
Current computer technology is based on principles of ____________________ physics developed during the 17th through 20th centuries, including electronics, magnetism, and optics.
classical
A simple definition of a(n) ____________________ is any device that can accept numeric inputs, perform computational functions, such as addition and subtraction, and communicate results.
computer
The most famous of the mechanical computation devices is the ____________________, built by Charles Babbage in 1821.
Difference Engine
A(n) ____________________ is a computer or group of computers that manages shared resources and enables users and other computer to access those resources over a network.
server
____________________ is layered between applications software and computer hardware.
system software
____________________ typically make use of both multicomputer configuration and virtualization
Clouds
. The evolution of Microsoft OSs is a good example of how software development depends on hardware technology
TRUE
A URL identifies one specific WWW resource.
TRUE
A machine capable of adding whole numbers can multiply whole numbers by executing the addition function multiple times.
TRUE
A typical computer system must have much more secondary storage capacity than primary storage capacity
TRUE
An end-user accesses a Web-based application via a URL.
TRUE
Electronic computers addressed most shortcomings of mechanical computation
TRUE
Light can be used as a basis for computation.
TRUE
Optical processors might be easier to fabricate than current processors and are better matched to optical communication technologies.
TRUE
Server hardware capabilities depend on the resources being shared and the number of simultaneous users.
TRUE
Some commercial computers have used quantum physics to perform data storage and computation
TRUE
The 80386 provided hardware support for running multiple programs simultaneously, simplified partitioning primary storage among programs, and provided mechanisms for preventing programs from interfering with one another.
TRUE
The Difference Engine computed logarithms by moving gears and other mechanical components.
TRUE
The primary role of software is to translate users' needs and requests into CPU instructions that, when executed, produce a result that satisfies the need or request.
TRUE
Windows OSs tend toward an all-inclusive approach to system software, bundling most system software functions in the OS.
TRUE
A(n) ____________________ identifies a specific web resources.
URL
____________________ offers flexibility in server configuration and deployment, including the ability to "resize" virtual machines easily to match changing requirements.
Virtualization
A(n) ____________________ is software accessed over the Internet using Web protocols, such as shipping cost calculator accessed by an online shopping application
Web server
A(n) ____________________ is application software that is accessed via a URL and uses a Web browser as the primary user interface.
Web-based application
____ software describes programs used to develop other programs. a. Application development b. Application design c. Systems d. Application modeling
a. Application development
"____" is the concept that the per-unit cost of producing goods or providing services decreases as the organization size increases. a. Economies of scale b. Economies of measure c. Economies of balance d. Economies of growth
a. Economies of scale
____ are typically implemented by installing software on each machine that accepts tasks from a central server and performs them when not busy doing other work. a. Grids b. Clouds c. Clusters d. Blades
a. Grids
____ improved memory access and raw CPU speeds and added features such as support for higher-speed system buses, pipelined instruction execution, and multimedia processing instructions. a. Pentium processors b. Multiple-core CPUs c. 80x86 processors d. PowerPC processors
a. Pentium processors
A specific shared resources within the World Wide Web is identified by a(n) ____. a. URL b. ALU c. CPU d. WWW
a. URL
A simple definition of a computer is a device that can accept numeric inputs, perform computational functions, and ____. a. communicate results b. solve formulas c. store data on disk or flash RAM d. detect quantum storage states
a. communicate results
Most application software is used by ____. a. end users b. programmers c. engineers d. administrators
a. end users
Optical light pulses can be stored indirectly, such as ____. a. on the surface of a DVD b. on the surface of a magnetic disk c. in the blocks of flash memory d. the groves of a record
a. on the surface of a DVD
A ____ is a computer system designed to meet a single user's information-processing needs. a. personal computer b. mainframe c. supercomputer d. minicomputer
a. personal computer
Storage devices that hold currently executing programs are called ____ a. primary storage b. registers c. qubits d. secondary storage
a. primary storage
Any matter that stores data in multiple simultaneous quantum states is called a ____. a. qubit b. bit c. limit d. quantum
a. qubit
A ____ is designed for one purpose—computational speed with large problems. a. supercomputer b. mainframe c. microcomputer d. server
a. supercomputer
In classical physics, a group of 3 bits can store only one of ____ possible values at a time. a. 6 b. 8 c. 12 d. 24
b. 8
____ is typically the cheapest component of current information systems. a. System software b. Hardware c. Middleware d. Application software
b. Hardware
____ is targeted to general-purpose tasks that support many application programs and users. a. Application software b. System software c. Niche software d. Commodity software
b. System software
A ____ is a group of similar or identical computers, connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide services or run a single application. a. cloud b. cluster c. blade d. grid
b. cluster
A ____ consists of hardware, software, and transmission media that enable computer systems to share information, software, and hardware resources. a. computer system b. computer network c. computer environment d. computer platform
b. computer network
A particle of light is called a ____. a. muon b. photon c. quantum d. meson
b. photon
The phrase ____________________ is the concept that the per-unit cost of producing goods or services decreases as the size of the producing or delivering organization increases.
economies of scale
In a(n) ____________________ device, the movement of electrons performs essentially the same functions as gears and wheels in mechanical computers.
electronic computing
A moving photon's ____________________ can be harnessed to perform computational work.
energy
A(n) ____________________ configuration is any arrangement of multiple computers used to support specific services or applications.
multicomputer
A(n) ____________________ is a collection of utility programs that supports users and application programs, allocates resources, and controls access to hardware.
operating system
A(n) ____________________ is a device that performs data manipulation and transformation functions including computation, comparison, and data movement.
processor
A(n) ____________________ is a stored set of instructions for performing a specific task
program