ITE 221 CH.2 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE QUIZ

Storage devices that hold data not needed by currently running programs are called ____ a. primary storage b. registers c. qubits d. secondary storage

d. secondary storage

____________________ data communication is common in computer networks that cover large distances.

Optical

For computer components such as processors, ____________________ are expected to gradually supplant electronics during the 21st Century.

Optics

The ____ chip provided integrated memory caches, enhanced computational capabilities, and increased raw CPU speed. Windows 95 was developed to take better advantage of this chip's capabilities. a. 8088 b. 80286 c. 80386 d. 80486

d. 80486

____ physics describes the behavior of matter at a subatomic level. a. Einsteinian b. Newtonian c. Relativity d. Quantum

d. Quantum

In current computer hardware, main memory is implemented with silicon-based semiconductor devices commonly called ____. a. Flash b. PROM c. ROM d. RAM

d. RAM

Quantum physics describes subatomic behavior with ____. a. physical rules b. mathematical rules c. physical laws d. a combination of physical rules and mathematical laws

d. a combination of physical rules and mathematical laws

A(n) ____ is a program in which different sets of instructions are applied to different data input values. a. system b. problem c. solution d. algorithm

d. algorithm

The ____ software layer has utility programs used by end users and system administrators to manage and control computer resources. a. system services b. machine independent c. machine dependent d. system management

d. system management

A(n) ____________________ is a group of dissimilar computers, connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide services or run a shared application.

grid

A key function of ____________________ software is allocating resources to users and programs.

SYSTEM

A(n) ____ is a stored set of instructions for responding to a specific request, much as you might look up a recipe to prepare a particular dish. a. operating system b. computer system c. compiler d. application program

d. application program

A ____ is a circuit board that contains most of a server. a. grid b. cloud c. cluster d. blade

d. blade

A tablet computer is a laptop computer that emphasizes small size, reduced weight, low cost, and wireless networking and is capable of performing only light-duty tasks, such as Web browsing, e-mailing, and word processing.

FALSE

All computers are automated computing devices, and all automated computing devices are computers.

FALSE

In classical physics, a subatomic particle, such as a photon, can be in multiple places at one time

FALSE

Mechanical computation devices cannot perform complex calculations.

FALSE

Mechanical computers such as the Mark One were used during World War I to compute trajectory tables for naval guns and torpedoes.

FALSE

Optics have little advantage over electronics in most areas of computing technology.

FALSE

The World Wide Web is sometimes called a network of networks because it interconnects millions of other networks.

FALSE

The biggest impetus for the change to electronic computing devices came during World War I.

FALSE

The need or idea that motivates a request for computer processing is stated at a specific level.

FALSE

____________________'s law is the mathematical formula that describes belief that the large and powerful computers will always be more cost effective than smaller ones.

Grosch

Optical computation harnesses the energy of moving ____ to perform computational work. a. muons b. photons c. electrons d. positrons

b. photons

The CPU contains a few internal storage locations called ____, each capable of holding a single instruction or data item. a. the ALU b. registers c. shifters d. the compiler

b. registers

In contrast to a formula, a program that implements an algorithm must include comparison and ____________________ instructions.

branching

The first commercially available quantum computer was built by ____. a. IBM b. Sony c. D-Wave d. Hewlett-Packard

c. D-Wave

____ signals can carry more data than electrical signals. a. Mechanical b. Digital c. Optical d. Quantum

c. Optical

In a modern digital computer, data is represented by groups of ____. a. qubits b. photons c. bits d. waves

c. bits

A ____ is a set of computing resources with front-end interfaces and back-end resources. a. grid b. cluster c. cloud d. blade

c. cloud

The complexity of modern networks arises from the huge quantity of ____. a. centralized resources b. local resources c. distributed resources d. cloud services

c. distributed resources

In the "layered approach," knowledge of the machine's physical details is embedded into system software and hidden from users and application programmers. This is commonly referred to as ____. a. machine dependence b. virtualization c. machine independence d. abstraction

c. machine independence

A ____ is a program that translates instructions in a programming language into CPU instructions. a. compiler b. linker c. program translator d. parser

c. program translator

Early mechanical computation devices were built to perform ____. a. text processing b. mathematical simulation c. repetitive mathematical calculations d. repetitive text operations

c. repetitive mathematical calculations

The term ____ can describe computers as small as midrange computers and as large as supercomputers. a. mainframe b. client c. server d. grid

c. server

The ____________________ is a general-purpose processor that executes all instructions and controls all data movement in the computer system.

central processing unit CPU

Current computer technology is based on principles of ____________________ physics developed during the 17th through 20th centuries, including electronics, magnetism, and optics.

classical

A simple definition of a(n) ____________________ is any device that can accept numeric inputs, perform computational functions, such as addition and subtraction, and communicate results.

computer

The most famous of the mechanical computation devices is the ____________________, built by Charles Babbage in 1821.

Difference Engine

A(n) ____________________ is a computer or group of computers that manages shared resources and enables users and other computer to access those resources over a network.

server

____________________ is layered between applications software and computer hardware.

system software

____________________ typically make use of both multicomputer configuration and virtualization

Clouds

. The evolution of Microsoft OSs is a good example of how software development depends on hardware technology

TRUE

A URL identifies one specific WWW resource.

TRUE

A machine capable of adding whole numbers can multiply whole numbers by executing the addition function multiple times.

TRUE

A typical computer system must have much more secondary storage capacity than primary storage capacity

TRUE

An end-user accesses a Web-based application via a URL.

TRUE

Electronic computers addressed most shortcomings of mechanical computation

TRUE

Light can be used as a basis for computation.

TRUE

Optical processors might be easier to fabricate than current processors and are better matched to optical communication technologies.

TRUE

Server hardware capabilities depend on the resources being shared and the number of simultaneous users.

TRUE

Some commercial computers have used quantum physics to perform data storage and computation

TRUE

The 80386 provided hardware support for running multiple programs simultaneously, simplified partitioning primary storage among programs, and provided mechanisms for preventing programs from interfering with one another.

TRUE

The Difference Engine computed logarithms by moving gears and other mechanical components.

TRUE

The primary role of software is to translate users' needs and requests into CPU instructions that, when executed, produce a result that satisfies the need or request.

TRUE

Windows OSs tend toward an all-inclusive approach to system software, bundling most system software functions in the OS.

TRUE

A(n) ____________________ identifies a specific web resources.

URL

____________________ offers flexibility in server configuration and deployment, including the ability to "resize" virtual machines easily to match changing requirements.

Virtualization

A(n) ____________________ is software accessed over the Internet using Web protocols, such as shipping cost calculator accessed by an online shopping application

Web server

A(n) ____________________ is application software that is accessed via a URL and uses a Web browser as the primary user interface.

Web-based application

____ software describes programs used to develop other programs. a. Application development b. Application design c. Systems d. Application modeling

a. Application development

"____" is the concept that the per-unit cost of producing goods or providing services decreases as the organization size increases. a. Economies of scale b. Economies of measure c. Economies of balance d. Economies of growth

a. Economies of scale

____ are typically implemented by installing software on each machine that accepts tasks from a central server and performs them when not busy doing other work. a. Grids b. Clouds c. Clusters d. Blades

a. Grids

____ improved memory access and raw CPU speeds and added features such as support for higher-speed system buses, pipelined instruction execution, and multimedia processing instructions. a. Pentium processors b. Multiple-core CPUs c. 80x86 processors d. PowerPC processors

a. Pentium processors

A specific shared resources within the World Wide Web is identified by a(n) ____. a. URL b. ALU c. CPU d. WWW

a. URL

A simple definition of a computer is a device that can accept numeric inputs, perform computational functions, and ____. a. communicate results b. solve formulas c. store data on disk or flash RAM d. detect quantum storage states

a. communicate results

Most application software is used by ____. a. end users b. programmers c. engineers d. administrators

a. end users

Optical light pulses can be stored indirectly, such as ____. a. on the surface of a DVD b. on the surface of a magnetic disk c. in the blocks of flash memory d. the groves of a record

a. on the surface of a DVD

A ____ is a computer system designed to meet a single user's information-processing needs. a. personal computer b. mainframe c. supercomputer d. minicomputer

a. personal computer

Storage devices that hold currently executing programs are called ____ a. primary storage b. registers c. qubits d. secondary storage

a. primary storage

Any matter that stores data in multiple simultaneous quantum states is called a ____. a. qubit b. bit c. limit d. quantum

a. qubit

A ____ is designed for one purpose—computational speed with large problems. a. supercomputer b. mainframe c. microcomputer d. server

a. supercomputer

In classical physics, a group of 3 bits can store only one of ____ possible values at a time. a. 6 b. 8 c. 12 d. 24

b. 8

____ is typically the cheapest component of current information systems. a. System software b. Hardware c. Middleware d. Application software

b. Hardware

____ is targeted to general-purpose tasks that support many application programs and users. a. Application software b. System software c. Niche software d. Commodity software

b. System software

A ____ is a group of similar or identical computers, connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide services or run a single application. a. cloud b. cluster c. blade d. grid

b. cluster

A ____ consists of hardware, software, and transmission media that enable computer systems to share information, software, and hardware resources. a. computer system b. computer network c. computer environment d. computer platform

b. computer network

A particle of light is called a ____. a. muon b. photon c. quantum d. meson

b. photon

The phrase ____________________ is the concept that the per-unit cost of producing goods or services decreases as the size of the producing or delivering organization increases.

economies of scale

In a(n) ____________________ device, the movement of electrons performs essentially the same functions as gears and wheels in mechanical computers.

electronic computing

A moving photon's ____________________ can be harnessed to perform computational work.

energy

A(n) ____________________ configuration is any arrangement of multiple computers used to support specific services or applications.

multicomputer

A(n) ____________________ is a collection of utility programs that supports users and application programs, allocates resources, and controls access to hardware.

operating system

A(n) ____________________ is a device that performs data manipulation and transformation functions including computation, comparison, and data movement.

processor

A(n) ____________________ is a stored set of instructions for performing a specific task

program