Audiology - day 3

Lakukan tugas rumah & ujian kamu dengan baik sekarang menggunakan Quizwiz!

away

When the basilar membrane moves up, the taller cilia in the cilia bundle deflect of shear "____" from the shorter cilia

up

When the stapes footplate "pulls out" of the oval window, the basilar membrane is moving "____"

tonotopic organization

____ _____ refers to the existence of a spatial representation of frequency

Outer

____ hair cells respond to the "amount of basilar membrane displacement"

Inner

____ hair cells respond to the "rate of basilar membrane displacement"

gradation in stiffness

each segment of the basilar membrane becomes less and less stiff from the base to the apex.

tip links

hair cell back and forth movement causes the ___ ____ to pull in one direction or push in the opposite direction

Frequency for place transformation

the translation from place of peak to pitch heard is call the _____ __ ___ ______

Traveling wave

the wavelike motion of the basilar membrane as a result of fluid wave in the scala vestibule.

amplitude

As the traveling wave moves up the cochlear partitions it grows in _______ until it peaks at a certain place, after which amplitude quickly diminishes.

envelope

Because the basilar membrane displacements are instantaneous, the traveling wave pattern represents and "_______," rather than the sharp peak-to-peak displacements

100

Because the basilar membrane is narrowest in the base, it is ____ times more stiff compared to the apex

drag

Because the cilia of the inner hair cells do not come into contacts with the tectorial membrane, inner hair cells and their cilia bundle shear from the ____ imposed on the surrounding cochlear fluids that results from velocity/rate changes during basilar membrane displacement

relative movement

Because the cilia of the outer hair cells come in contact with the undersurface of the tectorial membrane, outer hair cells and their cilia bundle shear as a result of the ______ _____ between the tectorial membrane, reticular lamina and the basilar membrane when the basilar membrane displaces.

transducers

Both the inner and outer hair cells are _______

hight

Each row of cilia is a different ______

frequency

Every ________ is a sound wave has its own traveling wave

cochlea

Every traveling wave frequency starts in the base of the _____ and proceeds up the cochlear partition towards the apex

firing

Hair cell stimulation results in the VIII _____

oval

In step 1 of basilar membrane movement sound waves move down the EAM causing the TM, ossicular chain, and stapes footplate to vibrate in and out of the ____ window.

fluid wave

In step 2 of basilar membrane movement the oval window inward and outward movement causes a ____ ____ in scala vestibule that moves downward to scala media

basilar membrane

In step 3 of basilar membrane movement the fluid in scala media causes the ______ ______ to displace/move up and down in a wave like motion.

peak

It is at the ____ of the traveling wave envelope where the greatest influx of K+ occurs.

tympani round

Most of the fluid wave energy is absorbed by the basilar membrane and any that is left over fluid transfer to scala _______ and is released by the inward and outward movement of the _____ window

K+

Opening of the ion transduction channels causes ___ to rush into the cilia. The ___ then moves down the hair cell

20 20k

Our ___ to ___ Hz dynamic range and tonotopic arrangement of the cochlea is possible because of the widening and resultant stiffness gradient of the basilar membrane

organ of corti

The ____ __ ______ is the sensory end organ of hearing.

rods of corti

The ____ ____ _____ (pillar cells) separate the inner hair cells from the outer hair cells

higher

The ____ frequencies are coded in the base of the cochlea where the basilar membrane is narrowest and most stiff.

receptor potential

The _____ _____ caused by the influx of K+ will trigger the VIII

tectorial membrane

The _____ _____ is a "gel" like structure that courses over the top of the hair cells

reticular lamina

The _____ _____ is a shelf like structure that provides major support for the hair cells at their upper surface.

lower

The _____ frequencies are coded in the apex of the cochlea where the basilar membrane is widest and least stiff

narrowest widest

The basilar membrane is ____ at the base and _____ at the apex

32 1.26

The basilar membrane is about ____mm long (___ inches)

tonotopically

The basilar membrane is laid out ______

stimulation

The basilar membrane movement results in hair cell ______.

depolarization

The influx of K+ into the hair cell causes _________ of the hair cell's resting potential and a resultant receptor potential

hydromechanical

The inner and outer hair cells transduce/convert cochlear _______ energy into chemical-electro energy.

chemical-electro

The inner and outer hair cells transduce/convert cochlear hydromechanical energy into _______ energy.

hair cells

The larger the amplitude of basilar membrane displacement, the larger the number of _____ ____ that are stimulated.

VIII fibers

The larger the number of hair cells stimulated, the larger the number of ____ ____ that fire and the louder the sound you perceive

basilar membrane

The organ of corti sits on top of the ______ ______

influx

The pitch of the sound you perceive occurs at the place on the basilar membrane where this greatest _____ occurs

peak

The place on the basilar membrane where the ____ of the traveling wave envelope occurs will be translated/transformed/converted into the pitch of the sound you hear

tunnel of corti

The rods of corti/pillar cells form the _____ __ ____.

pulls opening

The shearing away action "____" on the tip links, stretching them, "_____" ion transduction channels found at the top of each cilia

tip links

The three rows of cilia form a cilia bundle because they are connected to each other by "____ _____"

modiolus

The tunnel of corti allows the VIII fibers of the outer hair cells to pass to the _______

shearing

The up and down movement of the basilar membrane causes a "_____" force on the cilia bundle causing it to deflect right and left

gradation in stiffness

The widening of the basilar membrane results in a "_____ __ ______" from the base of the apex.

3

There are ___ rows of "U" shaped cilia that sit on top of each inner hair cell

3

There are ___ rows of "W" shaped cilia that sit on top of each outer hair cell

12,000

There are three rows of ________ outer hair cells

3,500

There is one row of _______ inner hair cells


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