Audiology - day 3
away
When the basilar membrane moves up, the taller cilia in the cilia bundle deflect of shear "____" from the shorter cilia
up
When the stapes footplate "pulls out" of the oval window, the basilar membrane is moving "____"
tonotopic organization
____ _____ refers to the existence of a spatial representation of frequency
Outer
____ hair cells respond to the "amount of basilar membrane displacement"
Inner
____ hair cells respond to the "rate of basilar membrane displacement"
gradation in stiffness
each segment of the basilar membrane becomes less and less stiff from the base to the apex.
tip links
hair cell back and forth movement causes the ___ ____ to pull in one direction or push in the opposite direction
Frequency for place transformation
the translation from place of peak to pitch heard is call the _____ __ ___ ______
Traveling wave
the wavelike motion of the basilar membrane as a result of fluid wave in the scala vestibule.
amplitude
As the traveling wave moves up the cochlear partitions it grows in _______ until it peaks at a certain place, after which amplitude quickly diminishes.
envelope
Because the basilar membrane displacements are instantaneous, the traveling wave pattern represents and "_______," rather than the sharp peak-to-peak displacements
100
Because the basilar membrane is narrowest in the base, it is ____ times more stiff compared to the apex
drag
Because the cilia of the inner hair cells do not come into contacts with the tectorial membrane, inner hair cells and their cilia bundle shear from the ____ imposed on the surrounding cochlear fluids that results from velocity/rate changes during basilar membrane displacement
relative movement
Because the cilia of the outer hair cells come in contact with the undersurface of the tectorial membrane, outer hair cells and their cilia bundle shear as a result of the ______ _____ between the tectorial membrane, reticular lamina and the basilar membrane when the basilar membrane displaces.
transducers
Both the inner and outer hair cells are _______
hight
Each row of cilia is a different ______
frequency
Every ________ is a sound wave has its own traveling wave
cochlea
Every traveling wave frequency starts in the base of the _____ and proceeds up the cochlear partition towards the apex
firing
Hair cell stimulation results in the VIII _____
oval
In step 1 of basilar membrane movement sound waves move down the EAM causing the TM, ossicular chain, and stapes footplate to vibrate in and out of the ____ window.
fluid wave
In step 2 of basilar membrane movement the oval window inward and outward movement causes a ____ ____ in scala vestibule that moves downward to scala media
basilar membrane
In step 3 of basilar membrane movement the fluid in scala media causes the ______ ______ to displace/move up and down in a wave like motion.
peak
It is at the ____ of the traveling wave envelope where the greatest influx of K+ occurs.
tympani round
Most of the fluid wave energy is absorbed by the basilar membrane and any that is left over fluid transfer to scala _______ and is released by the inward and outward movement of the _____ window
K+
Opening of the ion transduction channels causes ___ to rush into the cilia. The ___ then moves down the hair cell
20 20k
Our ___ to ___ Hz dynamic range and tonotopic arrangement of the cochlea is possible because of the widening and resultant stiffness gradient of the basilar membrane
organ of corti
The ____ __ ______ is the sensory end organ of hearing.
rods of corti
The ____ ____ _____ (pillar cells) separate the inner hair cells from the outer hair cells
higher
The ____ frequencies are coded in the base of the cochlea where the basilar membrane is narrowest and most stiff.
receptor potential
The _____ _____ caused by the influx of K+ will trigger the VIII
tectorial membrane
The _____ _____ is a "gel" like structure that courses over the top of the hair cells
reticular lamina
The _____ _____ is a shelf like structure that provides major support for the hair cells at their upper surface.
lower
The _____ frequencies are coded in the apex of the cochlea where the basilar membrane is widest and least stiff
narrowest widest
The basilar membrane is ____ at the base and _____ at the apex
32 1.26
The basilar membrane is about ____mm long (___ inches)
tonotopically
The basilar membrane is laid out ______
stimulation
The basilar membrane movement results in hair cell ______.
depolarization
The influx of K+ into the hair cell causes _________ of the hair cell's resting potential and a resultant receptor potential
hydromechanical
The inner and outer hair cells transduce/convert cochlear _______ energy into chemical-electro energy.
chemical-electro
The inner and outer hair cells transduce/convert cochlear hydromechanical energy into _______ energy.
hair cells
The larger the amplitude of basilar membrane displacement, the larger the number of _____ ____ that are stimulated.
VIII fibers
The larger the number of hair cells stimulated, the larger the number of ____ ____ that fire and the louder the sound you perceive
basilar membrane
The organ of corti sits on top of the ______ ______
influx
The pitch of the sound you perceive occurs at the place on the basilar membrane where this greatest _____ occurs
peak
The place on the basilar membrane where the ____ of the traveling wave envelope occurs will be translated/transformed/converted into the pitch of the sound you hear
tunnel of corti
The rods of corti/pillar cells form the _____ __ ____.
pulls opening
The shearing away action "____" on the tip links, stretching them, "_____" ion transduction channels found at the top of each cilia
tip links
The three rows of cilia form a cilia bundle because they are connected to each other by "____ _____"
modiolus
The tunnel of corti allows the VIII fibers of the outer hair cells to pass to the _______
shearing
The up and down movement of the basilar membrane causes a "_____" force on the cilia bundle causing it to deflect right and left
gradation in stiffness
The widening of the basilar membrane results in a "_____ __ ______" from the base of the apex.
3
There are ___ rows of "U" shaped cilia that sit on top of each inner hair cell
3
There are ___ rows of "W" shaped cilia that sit on top of each outer hair cell
12,000
There are three rows of ________ outer hair cells
3,500
There is one row of _______ inner hair cells