Autonomic Nervous System
Which of the following is under control of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Emission
Alpha and beta receptors are classified as cholinergic receptors?
False
The somatic motor of division consist of somatic motor neurons that innervate cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle cells?
False
The parasympathetic nervous system is often known as the "rest and digest" division of the ANS.
True
Most fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system travel in?
Vagus nerve
Decreased parasympathetic stimulation could cause?
a dry mouth
What neurotransmitter is released by both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons at their synapses?
acetylcholine
What neurotransmitter is released by the axon of a sympathetic preganglionic neuron to communicate with the sympathetic postganglionic neuron?
acetylcholine
Receptors that bind norepinephrine and epinephrine are known as?
adrenergic
Found on arrector pili muscles in the dermis?
alpha receptor
What is found between the preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neuron of a visceral reflex arc?
autonomic ganglion
A drug that inhibits the release of norepinephrine will have the greatest affect on?
autonomic target cells
Located in the plasma membranes of cardiac muscle cells?
beta receptor
During sympathetic nervous system activity, what is NOT an effect of norepinephrine?
blood glucose levels decrease
Where are the preganglionic neurons of the Parasympathetic nervous system located?
brain stem or sacral spinal cord
What does the vagus nerve (CN X) innervate?
cardiac muscle cells
Receptors that bind acetylcholine are known as?
cholinergic
Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are classified as?
cholinergic receptors
Compared to parasympathetic ganglia, sympathetic ganglia are?
closer to the spinal cord
Most organs are innervated from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, referred to as?
dual innervation
A drug known as a beta-blocker should primarily affect?
heart rate
Cocaine causes increased availability of norepinephrine and therefore stimulates the sympathetic division. Which of the following will be an effect of cocaine?
hyperglycemia due to increased glucose release
Which cranial nerve is NOT involved in the parasympathetic nervous system?
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
What part of the brain largely controls homeostatic functions?
hypothalamus
These are all features of the sympathetic division except?
it has long preganglionic fibers
What organ is served by the parasympathetic sacral nerves?
last portion of the large intestine
Target organs of the parasympathetic nervous system?
muscarinic cholinergic receptor
Found in the membranes of all parasympathetic target cells?
muscarinic receptor
Located in the membranes of all postganglionic parasympathetic neurons?
nicotinic receptor
Relaxation of the urinary sphincter?
parasympathetic nervous system
Secretion of saliva?
parasympathetic nervous system
Which nervous system division works antagonistically to the sympathetic nervous system?
parasympathetic nervous system
Which nervous system usually maintains a heart rate of 72 beats per minute?
parasympathetic nervous system
Which system works opposite to the sympathetic nervous system?
parasympathetic nervous system
Where are autonomic ganglia located?
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Neurons that transmit efferent signals between the CNS and autonomic ganglia are called?
preganglionic neurons
Enhances mental alertness?
sympathetic nervous system
Increased heart rate?
sympathetic nervous system
Vasoconstriction of blood vessels?
sympathetic nervous system
Which of the following is called the "fight or flight" division of the nervous system?
sympathetic nervous system
Where are the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system located?
thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord
Damage to the splanchnic nerves would effect functioning of the?
urinary bladder
Due to an accident, Lori's sacral nerves are severed. What do you expect to be affected by this injury?
urinary bladder and the last portion of the large intestine
A drug that inhibits the release of norepinephrine will have the greatest effect on?
Autonomic target cells
What does the Vagus nerve (X) innervate?
Cardiac muscle cells
Sympathetic nerve fibers are not associated with situations involving?
Digestion
Most organs are innervated from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, referred to as?
Dual innervation
A drug known as a beta blocker should primarily affect
Heart rate
Which of the following is NOT an effect of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Increased sweat secretion
The axons of parasympathetic preganglion neurons are?
Long
The axons of sympathetic postganglion neurons are?
Long
Where are the ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system located?
Near the cells or the organ being innervated
What neurotransmitter is released from the postganglionic neuron in the sympathetic nervous system?
Norepinephrine
Parasympathetic cranial nerves are associated with?
Oculomotor (CN III) Facial (CN VII) Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) Vagus (CN X) nerves
Where are the autonomic ganglia located?
Outside Neurons
After eating a large meal, Mr. Davis felt sleepy which nervous system dominates?
Parasympathetic nervous system
Which of the following is called the "Rest and Digest" division of the nervous system?
Parasympathetic nervous system
The axons of parasympathetic postganglion neurons are?
Short
The axons of sympathetic preganglion neurons are?
Short
What two systems are interfaced by adrenal medulla?
Sympathetic nervous system and Endocrine system
Most organs experience dual innervation from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
True
What best characterizes the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
The parasympathetic nervous system maintains homeostasis when the body is at rest.
The basic functions of the parasympathetic nervous system is to maintain homeostasis when the body is at rest?
True
Most organs experience dual innervation from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
True
Somatic motor neurons innervate?
skeletal muscle cells
Which division of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscle?
somatic nervous system
What two systems are interfaced by the adrenal medulla?
sympathetic nervous system and endocrine system
What is responsible for keeping blood vessels partially constricted at all times?
sympathetic tone