Autonomic Nervous System

Lumbar Sympathetic Ganglia are Located: Select All That Apply A. Adjacent to the Lumbar Vertebrae B. Anterior to the Costal Pleura. C. Adjacent to the Medial Margin of Psoas Major D. Adjacent to the Heads of Ribs E. Posterior to the Costal Pleura

A & C Adjacent to the Lumbar Vertebrae Adjacent to the Medial Margin of Psoas Major

The Internal Carotid Nerve Forms a Sympathetic Plexus Along the Carotid Artery. What Structures On the Carotid Artery Does it Directly Innervate? Select All that Apply. A. Carotid Body B. Carotid Process C. Carotid Sinus D. Carotid Bifurcation

A & C Carotid Body Carotid Sinus

Vagal & Pelvic Afferents: Select All That Apply A. Course With Parasympathetic Efferent Fibers in the Vagus Nerve B. Course With Sympathetic Efferent Fibers in the Vagus Nerve C. Course With Parasympathetic Efferent Fibers Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve D. Course With Sympathetic Efferent Fibers Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve

A & C Course With Parasympathetic Efferent Fibers in the Vagus Nerve (90%) Course With Parasympathetic Efferent Fibers Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve

The Parasympathetic Divison is Also Referred to as the: Select All That Apply. A. Rest & Digest Division B. Fight or Flight Division C. Thoracolumbar Division D. Craniosacral Division

A & D Rest & Digest Division Craniosacral Division

Which of the Following Substances Can Cross the Blood Brain Barrier? Select All That Apply. A. TNF B. Dopamine C. Serotonin D. IL-6

A & D TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) IL-6 (Interleukin 6) Cramer Darby Book Page 481

The Parasympathetic Ganglion for Cranial Nerve VII (Facial) is: Select All that Apply A. Otic Ganglion B. Ciliary Ganglion C. Submandibular Ganglion D. Unknown Ganglion E. Pterygopalatine Ganglion

A & E Otic Ganglion Pterygopalatine Ganglion

The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is Primarily an Effector System That Controls: Select All that Apply A. Smooth Muscle B. Cardiac Muscle C. Glands D. Skeletal Muscle

A, B, C Smooth Muscle, Cardiac Muscle, Glands

Pharmacological Agents: Select All That Apply A. Stimulate Receptors B. Block Receptors C. Inhibit Neurotransmitter Synthesis D. Inhibit Degradation in Cleft

A, B, C, D All of the Answers are Correct.

The Neurotransmitters of the Autonomic Nervous System are: Select All That Apply A. Acetylcholine (ACh) B. Norepinephrine (NE) C. Serotonin D. Epinephrine (E) E. Dopamine

A, B, D Acetylcholine (ACh) Norepinephrine (NE) Epinephrine (E)

The Major Sympathetic Plexuses Are: Select All That Apply A. Celiac Plexus B. Hypogastric Plexus C. Cardiac Plexus D. Carotid Plexus E. Pulmonary Plexus F. Sacral Plexus

A, B, D, E Celiac Plexus Hypogastric Plexus Cardiac Plexus Pulmonary Plexus

Select All the Characteristics Listed Below That Apply to the Preganglionic Neurons of the ANS. A. Finely Myelinated B. Densely Myelinated C. Synapses With Postganglionic Neurons D. Cell Body is Present in the Intermediolateral Cell Column E. Cell Body is Present in Autonomic Ganglion F. Unmyelinated

A, C, & D Finely Myelinated Synapses with Postganglionic Neurons Cell Body is Present in the Intermediolateral Cell Column

Preganglionic Neurons Enter the Sympathetic Chain and May: Select All that Apply. A. Synapse at That Level B. Exit Chain in the Grey Ramus C. Descend, then Synapse D. Pass Through the Chain and Synapse in the Prevertebral Ganglia E. Ascend, then Synapse F. Exit Chain as a Specific Nerve G. Leave a Prevertebral Ganglion

A, C, D, E Synapse at That Level Descend, then Synapse Pass Through the Chain and Synapse in the Prevertebral Ascend, then Synapse

GVA Fibers Are: Select All That Apply A. Integrated in the CNS B. Integrated in the PNS C. Participate in Visual Reflexes D. Participate in Homeostatic Reflexes

A, D A. Integrated in the CNS D. Participate in Homeostatic Reflexes

The Cranial Nerves that Contribute to Parasympathetics are: Select All That Apply A. Oculomotor Nerve B. Trochlear Nerve C. Trigeminal Nerve D. Glossopharyngeal Nerve E. Vagus Nerve F. Facial Nerve G. Spinal Accessory Nerve

A, D, E, F Oculomotor Nerve Facial Nerve Glossopharyngeal Nerve Vagus Nerve

Postganglionic Parasympathetic Neurons Have _____ Receptors & Release _____ Neurotransmitter at Effector Tissues? A. Nicotinic : Acetylcholine B. Nicotinic : Norepinephrine C. Muscarinic : Epinephrine D. Adrenurgic : Acetylcholine

A. Nicotinic : Acetylcholine Table 10-3

Male Ejaculation is Caused by _____ Innervation A. Sympathetic B. Parasympathetic C. Somatic D. None of the Above

A. Sympathetic Cramer Darby Book

There are How Many Lumbar Sympathetic Ganglia? A. 4 B. 3 C. 5 D. 6

A. 4 (4 But Variable in Her Notes)

There are How Many Pelvic Sympathetic Ganglia? A. 4 or 5 B. 3 or 4 C. 5 or 6 D. 2 or 3

A. 4 or 5

Parasympathetic Preganglionic Neurons Release the Neurotransmitter ______. A. Acetylcholine B. Norepinephrine C. Epinephrine D. B & C

A. Acetylcholine

Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons Release the Neurotransmitter ______. A. Acetylcholine B. Norepinephrine C. Epinephrine D. B & C

A. Acetylcholine

Glomus Cells are: A. Chemoreceptors B. Baroreceptors C. Mechanorecptors D. Thermoreceptors E. Nociceptors

A. Chemoreceptors Cramer Darby Book Page 481

Sympathetic Fibers Leave the Sympathetic Chain Via the: A. Grey Ramus B. White Ramus C. Both A & B D. None of the Above

A. Grey Ramus

An Exaggerated or Persistent Inflammatory Response Can Lead to All but: A. Immunodeficiency B. Rheumatoid Arthritis C. Inflammatory Bowel Disease D. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) E. Sepsis

A. Immunodeficiency Cramer Darby Book Page 481

Viscerosomatic Reflexes: A. Induce Skeletal Muscle Contraction B. Lead to GI Changes C. Lead to Cardiovascular Changes D. All of the Above

A. Induce Skeletal Muscle Contraction

The Paravertebral Sympathetic Ganglion are Located: A. Lateral to the Vertebra B. Anterior to the Vertebra C. Posterior to the Vertebra D. Inside the Vertebra

A. Lateral (Bilaterally) to the Vertebra

Acetylcholine Binds to Which Receptors? Select All Thata Apply A. Muscarinic B. Alpha Receptors C. Beta Receptors D. Nicotinic

A. Muscarinic

The Hypogastric Plexus is Present in the: A. Pelvic Area B. Upper Abdominal Area C. Lower Abdominal Area D. Above the Diaphragm

A. Pelvic Area

The Cord Segments for the Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve are: A. S2 - S4 B. S1 -S5 C. T12 - L5 D. L3 -S2

A. S2 - S4

Peripheral Effectors Such as Sweat Glands, Vasculature & Errector Pili Muscles Receive Which Type(s) of Innervation: Select All That Apply A. Sympathetic B. Parasympathetic C. Somatic

A. Sympathetic Only

Preganglionic Sympathetic Neurons That Provide Sympathetic Innervation to the Head & Face are Located in Which Spinal Cord Segments: A. T1/T2 B. T1 - T4/T5 C. C5 - C8 D. C2 - C3

A. T1/T2

The Parasympathetic Ganglion for Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor) is: Select All that Apply A. Otic Ganglion B. Ciliary Ganglion C. Submandibular Ganglion D. Unknown Ganglion E. Pterygopalatine Ganglion

B Ciliary Ganglion

Norepinephrine Binds to Which Receptors? Select All Thata Apply A. Delta Receptors B. Alpha Receptors C. Beta Receptors D. Gamma Receptors

B & C Alpha Receptors Beta Receptors

The Sympathetic Divison is Also Referred to as the: Select All That Apply. A. Rest & Digest Division B. Fight or Flight Division C. Thoracolumbar Division D. Craniosacral Division

B & C Fight or Flight Division Thoracolumbar Division

Co-Transmitters of Varicosities are: Select All That Apply. A. Nitrous Oxide With ACh B. ATP with NE C. Neuropeptides D. ATP with Epinephrine E. VIP, ATP, & Nitrous Oxide with ACh F. None of the Above

B, C, E ATP with NE Neuropeptides VIP, ATP, & Nitrous Oxide with ACh

In the Visceral Pain Pathway, Second Order Axons Project to the Brain Via Which Tracts? Select All that Apply A. Corticospinal Tract B. Spinoreticular Tract C. Spinothalamic Tract D. Corticobulbar Tract E. Tracts That Synapse in the Amygdala, Insula, & Anterior Cingulate Cortex.

B, C, E Spinoreticular Tract Spinothalamic Tract Tracts That Synapse in the Amygdala, Insula, & Anterior Cingulate Cortex.

Select All the Characteristics Listed Below That Apply to the Postganglionic Neurons of the ANS. A. Finely Myelinated B. Synapses With Effector Tissue C. Excitatory Neurons D. Cell Body is Present in the Intermediolateral Cell Column E. Cell Body is Present in Autonomic Ganglion F. Unmyelinated G. Inhibitory Neurons

B, C, E, F, G Synapses with Effector Tissue Can Be Excitatory or Inhibitory (C & G) Cell Body is Present In Autonomic Ganglion Unmyelinated

Postganglionic Neurons Enter the Sympathetic Chain and May: Select All that Apply. A. Synapse at That Level B. Exit Chain in the Grey Ramus C. Descend, then Synapse D. Pass Through the Chain and Synapse in the Prevertebral Ganglia E. Ascend, then Synapse F. Exit Chain as a Specific Nerve G. Leave a Prevertebral Ganglion

B, F, G Exit Chain in the Grey Ramus Exit Chain as a Specific Nerve Leave a Prevertebral Ganglion

The Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve Innervates: Select All That Apply A. Ascending Colon B. Gonads C. Duodenum D. Distal Colon E. Stomach F. Bladder G. Rectum

B, F, G Gonads Bladder Rectum

The Stellate Ganglion is at Which Vertebral Level: A. T 3 - T6 B. C7 - T1 C. C8 - T4 D. T1 - T4

B. C7 - T1

Male Erection is Caused by _____ Innervation A. Sympathetic B. Parasympathetic C. Somatic D. None of the Above

B. Parasympathetic Cramer Darby Book

The Internal Sphincter is Innervated Sympathetically & Parasympathetically. Parasympathetic Activation Causes ______ and Sympathetic Activation Causes _______. A. Contraction : Relaxation B. Relaxation : Contraction

B. Relaxation : Contraction Cramer Darby Book

Preganglionic Sympathetic Neurons That Provide Sympathetic Innervation to the Thoracic Cavity are Located in Which Spinal Cord Segments: A. T1/T2 B. T1 - T4/T5 C. T3 - T12 D. T4 - L2

B. T1 - T4/T5

Sympathetic Innervation to the Abdominal Cavity is From Which Spinal Cord Segments? A. C7 - T11/12 B. T5 - L2/L3 C. T7 - L4/L4 D. T1 - L2/L3

B. T5 - L2/L3

The Prevertebral Sympathetic Ganglion are Located: A. Lateral to the Vertebra B. Anterior to the Vertebra C. Posterior to the Vertebra D. Inside the Vertebra

B. Anterior to the Vertebra.

The Sympathetic Chain is: A. Unilaterally Present on the Left Side B. Bilaterally Present C. Unilaterally Present on the Right Side D. Present Anterior to the Vertebra in the Midline

B. Bilaterally Present

The Sympathetic Chain Terminates as the: A. Cardiac Plexus B. Ganglion Impar C. Celiac Plexus D. Stellate Ganglion

B. Ganglion Impar

The Effector Tissue Acted on By Postganglionic Parasympathetic Neurons Has Which Kind of Receptor? A. Nicotinic B. Muscarinic C. Adrenurgic D. None of the Above

B. Muscarinic

Postganglionic Sympathetic Neurons Have _____ Receptors & Release _____ Neurotransmitter at Effector Tissues? A. Nicotinic : Acetylcholine B. Nicotinic : Norepinephrine C. Muscarinic : Epinephrine D. Adrenurgic : Acetylcholine

B. Nicotinic : Norepinephrine Table 10-3

Postganglion Sympathetic Neurons That Provide Sympathetic Innervation to the Head are Located in Which Ganglia: A. T1/T2 Sympathetic Ganglia B. Superior Cervical Ganglion C. Inferior Cervical Ganglion D. Middle Cervical Ganglion

B. Superior Cervical Ganglion

The Preganglionic Neurons of the Greater Splanchnic Nerve are Located at Which Vertebral Levels: A. T 3 - T6 B. T5 - T9 C. T10 - T11 D. T1 - T4

B. T5 - T9

The Sympathetic Fibers That Leave the Spinal Cord Enter the Sympathetic Chain Via the: A. Grey Ramus B. White Ramus C. Both A & B D. None of the Above

B. White Ramus

The Middle Cervical Ganglion is at Which Vertebral Level: A. C3 - C6 B. C7 - T1 C. C5 - C6 D. T1 - T4

C. C5/C6

The Detruser is Smooth Muscle in the Bladder. It's innervation is _____ and the Muscle _____ When Stimulated. A. Sympathetic : Contracts B. Parasympathetic : Relaxes C. Parasympathetic : Contracts D. Sympathetic : Relaxes

C. Parasympathetic : Contracts Cramer Darby Book

The Effector Tissue Acted on By Postganglionic Sympathetic Neurons Has Which Kind of Receptor? A. Nicotinic B. Muscarinic C. Adrenurgic D. None of the Above

C. Adrenergic

Cytokines Have the Potential to Be: A. Inflammatory B. Anti-inflammatory C. Both D. Neither

C. Both Cramer-Darby Book Page 481

The Sympathetic Chain Starts at Which Vertebral Level: A. C5/C6 B. T1 /T2 C. C2/C3 D. L2/L3

C. C2/C3 Level as the Superior Cervical Ganglion.

The Pelvic Ganglia Unite to form the: A. Stellate Ganglion B. Celiac Plexus C. Ganglion Impar D. Renal Ganglion

C. Ganglion Impar

The Hypothalamus Communicates with the Brainstem & Spinal Cord Via Which Tract(s)? Select All That Apply A. Corticobulbar Tracts B. Hypothalamobulbar Tract C. Hypothalamospinal Tract D. Corticospinal Tracts

C. Hypothalamospinal Tract

Axons From This Parasympathetic Nucleus Travel With the Cauda Equina: A. Oculomotor Nucleus B. Nucleus Ambiguus C. Sacral Autonomic Nucleus D. Facial Motor Nucleus

C. Sacral Autonomic Nucleus

External Sphincter Has _______ Innervation & is ________ Controlled. A. Sympathetic : Involuntarily B. Parasympathetic : Involuntarily C. Somatic : Voluntarily D. All of the Above

C. Somatic : Voluntarily Cramer Darby Book

Cervicothoracic Ganglion is Located Near the Apex of the Lung and is Also Known As the _______ Ganglion. A. Superior Cervical Ganglion B. Middle Cervical Ganglion C. Stellate Ganglion D. None of the Above

C. Stellate Ganglion

The Parasympathetic Ganglion for Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal) is: Select All that Apply A. Otic Ganglion B. Ciliary Ganglion C. Submandibular Ganglion D. Unknown Ganglion E. Pterygopalatine Ganglion

C. Submandibular Ganglion

The Preganglionic Neurons of the Lesser Splanchnic Nerve are Located at Which Vertebral Levels: A. T 3 - T6 B. T5 - T9 C. T10 - T11 D. T1 - T4

C. T10 - T 11

True or False: Thoracic Sympathetic Ganglia are Located: Select All That Apply A. Adjacent to the Lumbar Vertebrae B. Anterior to the Costal Pleura. C. Adjacent to the Medial Margin of Psoas Major D. Adjacent to the Heads of Ribs E. Posterior to the Costal Pleura

D & E Adjacent to the Heads of Ribs Posterior to the Costal Pleura

All of These Nerves Carry Sympathetic Fibers Except: A. Greater Splanchnic Nerve B. Lesser Splanchnic Nerve C. Least Splanchnic Nerve D. Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve

D. Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve

The Non-Cranial Nerve Parasympathetics Are From Which Spinal Cord Segments? A. L2 - L4 B. L4 - S3 C. S1 - S5 D. S2 - S4

D. S2 - S4

Preganglionic Sympathetic Neurons are Present in Which Spinal Cord Segments? A. T6 - S5 B. T1 - T6 C. T6 - L2/3 D. T1 - L2/3

D. T1 - L2/3

Which Cranial Nerve is Utilized by the Body for the Inflammatory Reflex Arc That Allows the Nervous System to Monitor and Adjust the Inflammatory Response Rapidly and in a Localized Manner? A. Olfactory Nerve B. Facial Nerve C. Oculomotor Nerve D. Vagus Nerve

D. Vagus Nerve Cramer Darby Book Page 481

The Preganglionic Neurons of the Least Splanchnic Nerve are Located at Which Vertebral Levels: A. T9 B. T5 C. T10 D. T12

D. T12

There are How Many Thoracic Sympathetic Ganglia? A. 9 B. 14 C. 12 D. 11

D. 11

The Hypothalamus Integrates Autonomic Information & Projects to the ________ & ________ Controlling Temperature, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, & Respiration With Some Control over Endocrine Functions. A. Cortex : Brainstem B. Cortex : Spinal Cord C. Thalamus : Cortex D. Brainstem : Spinal Cord

D. Brainstem : Spinal Cord

Spinal Afferents: Select All That Apply A. Course With Parasympathetic Efferent Fibers in the Vagus Nerve B. Course With Sympathetic Efferent Fibers in the Vagus Nerve C. Course With Parasympathetic Efferent Fibers of the Splanchnic Nerves D. Course With Sympathetic Efferent Fibers of the Splanchnic Nerves

D. Course With Sympathetic Efferent Fibers of the Splanchnic Nerves

The Parasympathetic Ganglion for Cranial Nerve X (Vagus) is: Select All that Apply A. Otic Ganglion B. Ciliary Ganglion C. Submandibular Ganglion D. Unknown Ganglion E. Pterygopalatine Ganglion

D. Unknown

Vagal Afferent Fibers in the Viscera Have Been Shown to be Activated By: A. Endotoxins B. IL-1 C. TNF D. Cytokines E. All of the Above F. None of the Above

E. All of the Above Cramer Darby Book Page 481

Referred Visceral Pain is: A. Diffuse B. Perceived as Originating From Deep, Midline Structures C. Accompanied by Nausea & Ill-Being D. Localized to a Distant Cutaneous Site or to Muscles E. A, D F. All of the Above

E. Diffuse Localized to a Distant Cutaneous Site or to Muscles

True Visceral Pain is: A. Diffuse B. Perceived as Originating From Deep, Midline Structures C. Accompanied by Nausea & Ill-Being D. Localized to a Distant Cutaneous Site or to Muscles E. A, B, C F. A, C, D

E. Diffuse Perceived as Originating From Deep, Midline Structures Accompanied by Nausea & Ill-Being

Viscerovisceral Reflexes: A. Induce Skeletal Muscle Contraction B. Lead to GI Changes C. Lead to Cardiovascular Changes D. A & C E. B & C F. All of the Above

E. Lead to GI Changes Lead to Cardiovascular Changes

True or False: Because the Major Neurotransmitter Used By the Parasymptathetic/Vagal Efferent Pathway Is Norepinephrine, it Has Been Named the Adrenergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway.

False Because the Major Neurotransmitter Used By the Parasymptathetic/Vagal Efferent Pathway Is ACETYLCHOLINE (ACh), it Has Been Named the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway. Cramer Darby Book

True or False: The Autonomic Nervous System is Involved With the Immune System but Not Involved With Inflammatory Responses.

False The Autonomic Nervous System is Involved With the Immune System AND IS Involved With Inflammatory Responses.

True or False: Inflammatory Mediators Released in Connective Tissues Associated With the Vagus Nerve Activate Vagal Afferent Fibers & Initiate an Inflammatory Response.

False. Inflammatory Mediators Released in Connective Tissues Associated With the Vagus Nerve Activate Vagal Afferent Fibers & Initiate an ANTI-INFLAMMATORY Response. Cramer Darby Book Page 481

True or False: General Visceral Afferent (GVA) Fibers Provide Information About Changes in the Body's External Environment.

False. General Visceral Afferent Fibers Provide Information About Changes in the Body's INTERNAL Environment.

True or False: The Output of the ANS Requires Only 1 Neuron

False. The Output of the ANS Requires 2 Neurons.

True or False: The Sympathetic Fibers that Provide Innervation to the Face Are Found on the Internal Carotid Artery.

False. The Sympathetic Fibers that Provide Innervation to the Face Are Found on the EXTERNAL Carotid Artery.

True or False: There are Excitatory Interneurons Present in ANS Ganglia

False. There are Inhibitory Interneurons Present in the ANS Ganglia.

True or False: The Sympathetic Chain Extends From T1 - L2/L3 Vertebral Levels.

False: The Sympathetic Chain Extends The Length of the Spine. (The Preganglionic Neurons of the Sympathetic Chain Go from T1 - L2/L3

True or False: The Nucleus Tractus Solitarius is the Major Coordinating Center in the Brainstem for Autonomic Functions. It Receives and Projects Back to Most of the Major Organs of the Body Via Complex Reflex Circuits.

False: The Nucleus Tractus Solitarius is the Major Coordinating Center in the Brainstem for Autonomic Functions. It Receives and Projects Back to Most of the Major Organs of the Body Via SIMPLE Reflex Circuits.

HPA Axis Stands for ______ _____.

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Cramer Darby Book Page 481

The Central Autonomic Network is Located in the Brainstem & Higher Centers. It includes the: A. Nucleus Tractus Solitarius B. Ventrolateral Medulla C. Parabrachial Nucleus D. Amygdaloid Complex E. Thalamus, F. Hypothalamus G. Cortex (Insula & Cingulate Gyrus) H. Cerebellum I. A, C, E, & G J. All of the Above

J All of the Above

Nociceptors in the _____, _____, & _____ Near a Diseased Organ Send Input to the CNS via Somatic Afferent Fibers.

Parietal Peritoneum Pleura Pericardium

The Sacral Autonomic Nucleus Contributes Parasympathetics to Which Nerve: A. Greater Splanchnic Nerve B. Lesser Splanchnic Nerve C. Least Splanchnic Nerve D. Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve

List the 3 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System: 1. _______ 2. _______ 3. _______

Sympathetic Division Parasympathetic Division Enteric Division (Nervous System in the Gut)

General Visceral Afferent (GVA) Fibers are Mostly Unconscious but May Mediate Some Conscious Visceral Sensations Such as Hunger, Nausea, & Distension.

True

True or False: Physiologic Response Depends on the Presence and Distribution of Receptors at the Neuroeffector Juction & The Concentration of Receptors can be Regulated Up or Down.

True

True or False: The Autonomic Nervous System is Regarded as the Division of the Nervous System that Modulates and Regulates the Physiologic Mechanisms of the Organ Systems of the Body in Order to Maintain Homeostasis.

True

True or False: The Splanchnic Nerves Provide Sympathetic Innervation Below the Diaphragm.

True

True or False: Varicosities Store Neurotransmitters and Act as Sites for Neurotransmission.

True

True or False? Convergence-Projection Theory suggests that Somatic & Visceral Afferents Converge on the Same Pool of Viscerosomatic Neurons that Project to Higher Centers and Misread the Input as Coming From the More Common Somatic Structures.

True

True or False: TNF & IL-6 Can Cross the Blood Brain Barrier & Cause the Release of Prostaglandin E2.

True Cramer Darby Book Page 481

True or False: The Sympathetic Fibers that Provide Innervation to the Head Are Found on the Internal Carotid Artery.

True.

The Autonomic Nervous System is Best Described as the ______ ______ ______.

Visceral Motor System