AVIT 312 MIDTERM

According to our classroom discussion, how much time is dedicated to data collection at the accident site vs. time dedicated away from the accident site?

10 percent of your time is spent at the actual accident site, and the other 90 percent of the time is spent in the lab/office, analyzing your data, and writing your accident report(s).

Which statement is true concerning the hazards of carbon composite fibers? A--Carbon composite fibers are bone-piercing. B--Fibrous carbon composite dust is dispersed by aircraft built out of aluminum. C--Fibrous carbon composite gasses are generated when exposed to low temperatures.

A--Carbon composite fibers are bone-piercing.

The "Weather Group" is responsible to determine if weather was the cause of an accident. During an accident investigation the Weather Group determines that the sky was clear, the winds were light, the visibility was unlimited. The weather group quickly determines that weather was NOTa factor in this accident. Question: In this case, can the weather group write their report immediately? A--Yes, the final report consists of multiple mini reports. B--No, the "Weather Group's" report cannot be written until the Board President's report is written. C--No, the "Weather Group's" report cannot be written until Investigator In Charge (IIC) writes the "Factual Report."

A--Yes, the final report consists of multiple mini reports.

You would like to research a past NTSB accident. This accident occurred on January 15th, 2020. You read a press release that the final accident report was published on February 3rd, 2021. How will you find this final accident report? A--You will need to click on January 2020, because this is the date of the accident. B--You will need to click on January 2021, because this is the 1-year anniversary of the accident. C--You will need to click on February 2021, because this is the date of the final accident report.

A--You will need to click on January 2020, because this is the date of the accident.

Arrange the following NTSB event categories from most severe to least severe.

Accident, incident, occurrence

A person designated by a State, on the basis of his or her qualifications, for the purpose of participating in an investigation conducted by another State. Is defined as the ________________. Accredited Representative Advisor Investigator-in-Charge Accident Investigation Authority

Accredited Representative

According to our classroom discussions, what is the Heindrich Safety Pyramid?

Analysis of accidents indicated a ratio of approximately 600 incidents for every reported fatality.

According to our classroom discussions, what are the top 3 objectives of your aircraft accident investigation? A--Attitude of the aircraft at impact, velocity of the aircraft at impact, and the slope of the terrain at impact. B--Attitude of the aircraft at impact, velocity of the aircraft at impact, and was the impact survivable. C--They type of aircraft, the FAA rating of the pilot, and the date of the last annual flight review. D--The maintenance history of the aircraft, the check ride history of the pilot, and the weather conditions.

B--Attitude of the aircraft at impact, velocity of the aircraft at impact, and was the impact survivable.

After an accident, you issued an order that the pilot's training records must be sealed and impounded. You personally visit the airline's Flight Records Department to pick up the pilot training records. When you arrive at the Flight Records Department, the Flight Records personnel tell you that the pilot's last three flights have not been entered into the pilot's training records. What will you do? A--Instruct the airline's Flight Records Department to enter the last three flights. After the pilot's records are fully updated, you can seal and impound their records. B--Instruct the airline's Flight Records Department to NOT enter the last three flights. Once the order has been given to impound the pilot's records, updates cannot be accomplished. In this case you will have two separate sets of records. One set of records will be the records that are not updated. The second set of records will be the updates for the last three flights.

B--Instruct the airline's Flight Records Department to NOT enter the last three flights. Once the order has been given to impound the pilot's records, updates cannot be accomplished. In this case you will have two separate sets of records. One set of records will be the records that are not updated. The second set of records will be the updates for the last three flights.

According to ICAO Annex 13, paragraph 3.2, is the NTSB independent from the FAA and FBI, concerning aircraft accident investigations? A--The FAA is always a party to the investigation, hence, both organizations share equal responsibility for aircraft accident investigations. B--The NTSB is required to be independent from the FAA. C--The FBI is always a party to the investigation; hence, the FAA, FBI, and NTSB share equal responsibility for aircraft accident investigations. D--All the above are correct.

B--The NTSB is required to be independent from the FAA.

Scenario: After an aircraft accident, one of the passengers is immediately taken to the hospital for a severe head injury. The patient never recovers from the coma and finally dies due to this injury 89 days after the accident. Question: How will this injury and ultimate death be categorized in the final NTSB accident report? A--This injury will be categorized as a fatality because the passenger ultimately died. B--This injury will be categorized as a serious injury. C--Head injuries are not counted in the NTSB's accident database. D--All the choices are correct.

B--This injury will be categorized as a serious injury.

According to the NTSB, an aircraft accident is an event associated with the operation of an aircraft that takes place between the time ____________________ until such time as _____________________and in which any person suffers death or serious injury, or in which the aircraft receives substantial damage. ( Ref: NTSB 830.2 ) A--that the aircraft becomes airborne, the aircraft successfully lands. B--any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight; all such persons have disembarked C--any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight; the aircraft successfully lands D--any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight; the aircraft clears the active runway.

B--any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight; all such persons have disembarked

Actions, omissions, events, conditions, or a combination thereof, which, if eliminated, avoided or absent, would have reduced the probability of the accident or incident occurring, or mitigated the severity of the consequences of the accident or incident is called ____________________. A--the Cause of an accident. B--the Contributing Factors of an accident.

B--the Contributing Factors of an accident.

Which of the following defines a serious injury? A--Requires hospitalization for more than 24 hours. B--Simple fractures of fingers, toes, or nose. C--Exposure to infectious substances or injurious radiation. D--All the above.

C--Exposure to infectious substances or injurious radiation.

A safety recommendation regarding a systemic deficiency having a probability of recurrence, with significant consequences at a global level, and requiring timely action to improve safety is called a/an __________________. A--Emergency Airworthiness Directive. B--Critical Safety Recommendation. C--Safety Recommendation of Global Concern.

C--Safety Recommendation of Global Concern.

What is a Safety Data Sheet (SDS)? A--A Safety Data Sheet defines the flight envelope of any aircraft. B--The SDS is used by the Air Traffic Control group to identify job task priorities. C--The SDS provides safety and first aid information concerning chemical hazards. D--All the above are correct.

C--The SDS provides safety and first aid information concerning chemical hazards.

Why is it difficult for a single accident investigator to conduct an accurate aircraft accident investigation? A--There is a tendency for a single investigator to protect the pilot from prosecution. B--There is a tendency for a single investigator to ignore things they fully understand. C--There is a tendency for a single investigator to make some assumptions about a particular facet of the accident which is simply not true. D--All the above are correct.

C--There is a tendency for a single investigator to make some assumptions about a particular facet of the accident which is simply not true.

You are an accident investigator for an aircraft accident involving a Cirrus aircraft. The Cirrus aircraft was destroyed but the avionics suite was a glass system built by Avidyne. Is it possible to retrieve flight data from an Avidyne glass avionics package? A--No, unless the aircraft carried an NTSB approved black box Flight Data Recorder and Cockpit voice recorder. B--Yes, Avidyne may be able to extract flight data from the volatile memory. C--Yes, Avidyne may be able to extract flight data from the non-volatile memory. D--Both B and C are correct. E--All the above or correct.

C--Yes, Avidyne may be able to extract flight data from the non-volatile memory.

An aviation event where no people were killed or seriously injured, but the aircraft was substantially damaged is classified as a/an ______________________. Major Accident Minor Accident Incident Serious Incident Occurrence Serious Accident Injury Accident Damage Accident

Damage Accident

What is the "Go-Team?" A--The Go Team is comprised of 2 FAA accident investigators that are on call 24 hours a day. B--The Go Team is comprised of NTSB accident investigators that are responsible for capturing perishable evidence. C--The Go Team is comprised of FBI accident investigators that are responsible for capturing perishable evidence. D--The Go Team is comprised of only NTSB laboratory personnel. These lab specialists are responsible for analyzing all fluid (hydraulic fluid, engine oil, fuel, etc) samples at the crash site. E--The Go Team is comprised of NTSB technical experts. They have a rotational duty assignment to respond as quickly as possible to the scene of the accident. F--Both A and E are correct.

E--The Go Team is comprised of NTSB technical experts. They have a rotational duty assignment to respond as quickly as possible to the scene of the accident.

Who can request that the contents and any other evidence remain undisturbed pending inspection by an accredited representative of the requesting State? A. State of Occurrence B. State of Registry C. State of Operator D. State of Design E. State of Manufacture F. Only B, C, D, or E are correct G. All the above are correct

F. Only B, C, D, or E are correct

Aircraft accident reports are required to be written in the ICAO working language, which is only English. T/F?

FALSE

As an accident investigator, you will need a "Go Kit." You will need to bring everything you need, and be prepared to carry whatever you bring. True/False: All aircraft accident "Go Kits" are standardized. They are all the same.

FALSE

When you arrive at the crash site, you witness the "smoking hole." The terrain resembles a deep moon crater. It looks like all of the aircraft is inside the crater. The dirt splashed around the hold is symmetrical. This condition is indicative of a ___________________ crash. Low velocity, low angle Low velocity, high angle High velocity, low angle High velocity, high angle

High velocity, high angle

When you arrive at the crash site, you see that the wreckage is spread over a lot of real estate. You see an initial impact scar. You see how the aircraft came apart, leaving parts along the way. The wreckage is distributed in a fan-shaped pattern. This condition is indicative of a ________________ impact. Low velocity, low angle Low velocity, high angle High velocity, low angle High velocity, high angle

High velocity, low angle

An incident involving circumstances indicating that there was a high probability of an accident is classified as a/an _________________________. FAA Serious Accident ICAO Serious Incident FAA Occurrence ICAO Occurrence

ICAO Serious Incident

An aviation event that is other than an accident is classified as a/an _________________. Major Accident Minor Accident Incident Serious Incident Occurrence Serious Accident Injury Accident Damage Accident

Incident

An aviation event where there is a non-fatal accident with at least 1 serious injury without substantial damage is classified as a/an ______________________. Major Accident Minor Accident Incident Serious Incident Occurrence Serious Accident Injury Accident Damage Accident

Injury Accident

When you arrive at the crash site, you see the dirt is a shallow impact crater. The aircraft is largely intact. The aircraft is inside the shallow crater. This condition is indicative of a __________ impact. Low velocity, low angle Low velocity, high angle High velocity, low angle High velocity, high angle

Low velocity, high angle

When you arrive at the crash site, you see skid marks in the dirt. You can see where the aircraft first impacted the ground, bounced, and impacted the ground again. The aircraft she objects (wings, engines, landing gear) along the way. The aircraft is in relatively good shape after it comes to a rest. It still looks like an airplane. This condition is indicative of a ___________________ impact. Low velocity, low angle Low velocity, high angle High velocity, low angle High velocity, high angle

Low velocity, low angle

An aviation event where the aircraft was destroyed is classified as a/an _____________. Major Accident Minor Accident Incident Serious Incident Occurrence Injury Accident Damage Accident

Major Accident

An aviation event where there are multiple fatalities is classified as a/an _____________. Major Accident Minor Accident Incident Serious Incident Occurrence Injury Accident Damage Accident

Major Accident

An aviation event where there is one fatality and the aircraft is substantially damaged is classified as a/an ________________________. Major Accident Minor Accident Incident Serious Incident Occurrence Serious Accident Injury Accident Damage Accident

Major Accident

Arrange the following NTSB accident categories from most severe to least severe.

Major accident, serious accident, injury accident, damage accident

Scenario: An airline baggage handler is fired due to a drug conviction. This fired employee is bitter about his termination, obtains access to the airport ramp, and gets onboard an aircraft with a gun. Once the aircraft is airborne, this man kills both pilots and the aircraft crashes. Everyone on board dies, there are no survivors. Question: Will this event be "counted as an accident" in the ICAO "accident" database?

NO

Scenario: The University of North Dakota damages an aircraft. The Director of Safety contacts the NTSB. The event damaged the propeller along with minor damage to the position light on the right wing. The pilot is not injured. The total damage is estimated at $5,200. Question: Will this event be counted as an aircraft accident?

NO

Scenario: A Piper Seminole is being piloted by a 65-year old man who suffers a heart attack in flight and immediately dies. The remaining passengers do not know how to fly and the aircraft crashes and kills the passengers. Question: Will this event be counted as an accident in the ICAO "accident" database?

No, this will be categorized in another database

Any event not reported as an accident or incident, but, still has a significant impact on the overall safety of the operation is classified as a/an _________________________. Major Accident Minor Accident Incident Serious Incident Occurrence Serious Accident Injury Accident Damage Accident

Occurrence

An aviation event where there is at least 1 serious injury and the aircraft is substantially damaged is classified as a/an ______________________. Major Accident Minor Accident Incident Serious Incident Occurrence Serious Accident Injury Accident Damage Accident

Serious Accident

An aviation event where there is one fatality without substantial damage to the aircraft is classified as a/an ______________________. Major Accident Minor Accident Incident Serious Incident Occurrence Serious Accident Injury Accident Damage Accident

Serious Accident

The State having jurisdiction over the organization responsible for the type design is called the _____________________. State of Design State of Manufacture State of Occurrence State of Operator State of Registry

State of Design

The State having jurisdiction over the organization responsible for the final assembly of the aircraft, engine or propeller is called the _____________________. State of Design State of Manufacture State of Occurrence State of Operator State of Registry

State of Manufacture

The State in the territory of which an accident or incident occurs is called the _____________________. State of Design State of Manufacture State of Occurrence State of Operator State of Registry

State of Occurrence

The State in which the operator's principal place of business is located or, if there is no such place of business, the operator's permanent residence is called the _____________________. State of Design State of Manufacture State of Occurrence State of Operator State of Registry

State of Operator

The State on whose register the aircraft is entered is called the _____________________. State of Design State of Manufacture State of Occurrence State of Operator State of Registry

State of Registry

As an accident investigator, it is important to determine what did NOT happen. T/F?

TRUE

The National Transportation Safety Board is responsible for investigating Aircraft accidents, railroad accidents, and pipeline accidents. T/F?

TRUE

You have been assigned as the investigator of an aircraft accident that occurred immediately after takeoff. While you are traveling to the accident site, you begin to construct some preconceived ideas about what might have been a factor in the accident. According to our classroom discussions, is this a good thing or a bad thing?

This is a good thing. You were assigned to this accident because of your training and knowledge. It is totally acceptable for you to think about the possible factors that may have caused this accident.

According to our classroom discussion, is the determination of substantial damage "subjective"? In other words, does the applicable NTSB official exercise "judgment"?

YES

Scenario: A Boeing 737 operated by Southwest Airlines overshoots a runway. The aircraft exits the runway, plows through the airport perimeter fence, and travels through a public street. The aircraft strikes a vehicle on the road and kills one of the passengers inside a mini van. Question: Will this event (death) be "counted as a fatality" in the NTSB "aircraft accident" database?

YES

You are one of the first accident investigators that arrives at the scene of the flight mishap. The mishap aircraft was a Cirrus aircraft. Is it possible for the ballistic parachute to actuate on the ground, after the accident? YES OR NO?

Yes, you need to be careful to not accidently actuate the ballistic charge.

The debris field and wreckage pattern is largely determined by the _______________ experienced at impact. impact angle aircraft's bank angle aircraft's deck angle velocity of the aircraft

impact angle

Skid marks in the grass, skid marks in the snow, and ice adhering to the wings of an accident aircraft are examples of _______________. survivability factors. crash survival evidence. perishable evidence.

perishable evidence.

The communication used for the prompt dissemination of data obtained during the early stages of the investigation is called the ______________________. preliminary report. Interim report. Draft final report. final report.

preliminary report.

The authority designated by a State as responsible for aircraft accident and incident investigation within the context of ICAO Annex 13 is defined as _______________________. the Accredited Representative the Advisor the Investigator-in-Charge the Accident Investigation Authority

the Accident Investigation Authority

A person appointed by a State, on the basis of his or her qualifications, for the purpose of assisting its accredited representative in an investigation is defined as _________________. the Accredited Representative the Advisor the Investigator-in-Charge the Accident Investigation Authority

the Advisor

The degree and amount of breakup along with the destruction of the aircraft is largely determined by the ____________ experienced at impact. impact angle aircraft's bank angle aircraft's deck angle velocity of the aircraft

velocity of the aircraft