Bacterial Genetics (Ch.06)

What did Griffith's experiment using Streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrate?

That DNA released from a dead cell can be transferred to live cells

The 2 types of transduction are

generalized & specialized

The type of transduction that can transfer any genes of a host cell is called

generalized transduction

In generalized transduction, donor DNA integrates into the recipient chromosome by _____________ recombination.

homologous

A(n) _____ is a virus that infects bacteria.

phage

In bacterial conjugation, F+ donor cells are high frequency recombinatn (Hfr) cells when the F __________ is integrated into the chromosome.

plasmid

In bacterial conjugation, a donor cell with an F _________ located in the cytoplasm is considered F+

plasmid

Small, usually circular peices of DNA that contain their own origin of replication are called

plasmids

Bacteriophage can consist of:

-DNA genome -RNA genome -Protein coat (capsid)

Which of the following are sources of "naked" DNA?

-lysed (burst) bacterial cells -secreted into the environment by bacteria

The F pilius is also known as the _____ pilus is is required during the bacterial process called __________.

-sex -conjugation

Steps of DNA-mediated transformation:

1. Double-stranded DNA molecule binds to surface receptor 2. Nucleases degrade 1 strand of double-stranded DNA at the cell surface. 3. Single-stranded DNA enters cell after 1 strand has been degraded. 4. Single-stranded DNA integrates into genome after entering the cell.

Steps of F plasmid transfer:

1. F pilus makes contact with recipient cell. 2. One strand of F plasmid is cut in orgin of transfer. 3. Single strand of F plasmid is transfered to the recipietn cell. 4. Complement of transferred strand is synthesized.

______________ refers to DNA transfer requiring cell to cell contact.

Conjugation

A bacterial cell described as ___________ can take up DNA fro the sorrounding environment.

competent

In bacterial _____________, a recipient cell having no F plasmid is called F-

conjugation

A plasmid that can direct its own transfer from donor ot recipient cell is called a ______________ plasmid.

conjugative

The ____ plasmid is the most throughly studied example of a conjugative plasmid.

F

When excision errors produce plasmids containing both chromosomal & F plasmid DNA, the resulting plasmid is called a(n) _____ prime plasmid.

F

The molecule involved in Griffith's transformation experiment was shown to be ______ by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty in 1944.

DNA

Which transfers DNA from donor to recipient via a bacteriophage?

Transduction

Which mechanism of gene transfer involves the uptake of "naked" DNA by competent bacterial recipient cells?

Transformation

Bacterial conjuation require contact between 2 cells.

True

Free DNA found in the enviroment is called

naked DNA

Griffith's experiment using Streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrated the process of _____________________.

transformation