Bacterial Genetics (Ch.06)
What did Griffith's experiment using Streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrate?
That DNA released from a dead cell can be transferred to live cells
The 2 types of transduction are
generalized & specialized
The type of transduction that can transfer any genes of a host cell is called
generalized transduction
In generalized transduction, donor DNA integrates into the recipient chromosome by _____________ recombination.
homologous
A(n) _____ is a virus that infects bacteria.
phage
In bacterial conjugation, F+ donor cells are high frequency recombinatn (Hfr) cells when the F __________ is integrated into the chromosome.
plasmid
In bacterial conjugation, a donor cell with an F _________ located in the cytoplasm is considered F+
plasmid
Small, usually circular peices of DNA that contain their own origin of replication are called
plasmids
Bacteriophage can consist of:
-DNA genome -RNA genome -Protein coat (capsid)
Which of the following are sources of "naked" DNA?
-lysed (burst) bacterial cells -secreted into the environment by bacteria
The F pilius is also known as the _____ pilus is is required during the bacterial process called __________.
-sex -conjugation
Steps of DNA-mediated transformation:
1. Double-stranded DNA molecule binds to surface receptor 2. Nucleases degrade 1 strand of double-stranded DNA at the cell surface. 3. Single-stranded DNA enters cell after 1 strand has been degraded. 4. Single-stranded DNA integrates into genome after entering the cell.
Steps of F plasmid transfer:
1. F pilus makes contact with recipient cell. 2. One strand of F plasmid is cut in orgin of transfer. 3. Single strand of F plasmid is transfered to the recipietn cell. 4. Complement of transferred strand is synthesized.
______________ refers to DNA transfer requiring cell to cell contact.
Conjugation
A bacterial cell described as ___________ can take up DNA fro the sorrounding environment.
competent
In bacterial _____________, a recipient cell having no F plasmid is called F-
conjugation
A plasmid that can direct its own transfer from donor ot recipient cell is called a ______________ plasmid.
conjugative
The ____ plasmid is the most throughly studied example of a conjugative plasmid.
F
When excision errors produce plasmids containing both chromosomal & F plasmid DNA, the resulting plasmid is called a(n) _____ prime plasmid.
F
The molecule involved in Griffith's transformation experiment was shown to be ______ by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty in 1944.
DNA
Which transfers DNA from donor to recipient via a bacteriophage?
Transduction
Which mechanism of gene transfer involves the uptake of "naked" DNA by competent bacterial recipient cells?
Transformation
Bacterial conjuation require contact between 2 cells.
True
Free DNA found in the enviroment is called
naked DNA
Griffith's experiment using Streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrated the process of _____________________.
transformation