BAP Week 4 Study Questions

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rotary parlor

Cows are lined up on a circular track

what breed has poor livability?

Guernsey cattle

what are the primary energy end products of digestion in the rumen?

VFAs

what is a milk cooperative?

a company that deals with storage, collection, and transportation of milk

what are the three layers of digesta inside the ruminant stomach?

bacteria, protozoa, fungi

what role do bacteria, protozoa, and fungi play inside the rumen?

bacteria: digest fiber, simple sugars, and proteins protozoa: consume and digest bacteria fungi: break down cell walls

what is BCS?

body condition score

how is milk fever treated?

calcium borogluconate (basically give them more calcium)

what are the risks associated with drinking raw milk?

can carry dangerous bacteria and cause foodborne illness

what are two types of milk proteins?

casein and whey

what is rumination?

chewing the cud

what is a continuous vs seasonal calving herd?

continuous: cows calve year round seasonal: cows only calve in the spring

what are the main ingredients in dairy cow diets?

corn silage, alfalfa, grain

what are the symptoms of milk fever?

cow cannot stand, cold extremities, low temperature

parallel parlor

cows stand parallel to each other, can leave at their own pace all at once

herringbone parlor

cows stand sideways to each other, but can only go out single-file

what is a transition cow?

cows that are 30 days prepartum to 30 days postpartum

what can rumination collars be used for?

detect the amount of times that a cow ruminates each day

what is negative energy balance?

energy intake is less than energy expended, resulting in weight loss

what is a disadvantage of a robotic milker?

expensive

where does the methane produced in the rumen go?

feces and fermentation

what are 3 things used to calculate energy balance?

feed energy consumed, milk requirement, maintenance requirement (feed-milk-maintenance)

what is a negative DCAD diet and how does it prevent milk fever?

feeding the cows less cations and more ions, makes the cow more sensitive to PTH

are first lactation or fourth lactation cows more persistent?

first

what period is the cow at the greatest risk for death?

first month of lactation

what are the expectations for BCS loss/gain during lactation?

gain weight while pregnant, lose weight postpartum

where does glucose come from in the cow? (process)

gluconeogenesis (synthesized in the liver)

pasteurization

heating milk to 145 degrees for 30 mins to kill bacteria

what is a parlor turn?

how long it takes to get into the parlor, milked, and then out of the parlor

what is persistency?

how well the cow maintains milk production after peak lactation

when do you breed cows in a seasonal calving herd?

in the fall

why would you milk 3x a day versus 2x a day?

increases milk yield

how does a milking machine work?

inflations come out of the teat with 60 cycles per minute of on/off pulses

how does seasonal calving affect the type of milk products that you can sell?

it only allows you to sell milk when your cows are lactating, so you do not have a sufficient product supply year round

what is milk fever?

low blood calcium due to milk leaving the body

how do you prevent fatty liver?

make sure the cow is not too fat when they calve

what is livability?

measures the cow's ability to remain alive in the herd

homogenization

mechanical mixing so that the milk fat globules are reduced in size and distributed evenly

what is lactose?

milk sugar

what is the difference between a monobox and rotary robotic parlor?

monobox: one cow at a time, gives the cow the option to voluntarily give milk parlor: wheel, cows come and go on the wheel as it rotates and are milked

how does carbohydrate digestion differ for ruminant and monogastric?

no glucose leaves the rumen or intestine of the cow

do plant-based milk alternatives have the same nutritional value as milk?

no!!

what are the consequences of excessive weight loss?

poor health, low energy, more susceptible to disease

what is gluconeogenesis?

synthesis of glucose

what is lipolysis?

the breakdown of adipose tissue (fat)

why do cows get fatty liver postpartum?

the cow is mobilizing too much fat, NEFA gets stored in the liver at high concentrations

what are the two worst days in a cow's life?

the day she calves and the day you dry her off

why is it important that seasonal calving cows calve in the spring?

they time lactation with the growth of grass, because good pasture growth leads to good lactation

why is vitamin D added to milk?

to increase calcium absorption and prevent childhood disease rickets

what can the dairy industry do to reduce methane production?

try to keep high producing cows to limit the amount of cows on your farm or change their diet

what is the dairy matrix?

unique blend on nutrients and bioactive factors in milk

what can the dairy industry do to reduce the amount of methane coming from manure?

use biogas generation that captures methane

describe the neuroendocrine loop that leads to milk let down

washing the test causes oxytocin release into the bloodstream and directs epithelial cells for milk let down.

what are the molecular building blocks of milk?

water, glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids

what are the 4 major components of milk?

water, lactose, fat, and protein

what might be an advantage of a robotic milker?

you can milk a large amount of cows with limited labor

how long does it take to milk a cow?

10 minutes

what is the standard lactation length?

305 days (10 months)

what percentage of the herd will die on the farm each year?

5%

when does peak lactation occur?

60 days (2 months)

what are MCPs?

???

what is the difference between rumen by-pass protein and rumen degradable protein?

???

where do the building blocks come from during digestion?

???


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