BAP Week 4 Study Questions
rotary parlor
Cows are lined up on a circular track
what breed has poor livability?
Guernsey cattle
what are the primary energy end products of digestion in the rumen?
VFAs
what is a milk cooperative?
a company that deals with storage, collection, and transportation of milk
what are the three layers of digesta inside the ruminant stomach?
bacteria, protozoa, fungi
what role do bacteria, protozoa, and fungi play inside the rumen?
bacteria: digest fiber, simple sugars, and proteins protozoa: consume and digest bacteria fungi: break down cell walls
what is BCS?
body condition score
how is milk fever treated?
calcium borogluconate (basically give them more calcium)
what are the risks associated with drinking raw milk?
can carry dangerous bacteria and cause foodborne illness
what are two types of milk proteins?
casein and whey
what is rumination?
chewing the cud
what is a continuous vs seasonal calving herd?
continuous: cows calve year round seasonal: cows only calve in the spring
what are the main ingredients in dairy cow diets?
corn silage, alfalfa, grain
what are the symptoms of milk fever?
cow cannot stand, cold extremities, low temperature
parallel parlor
cows stand parallel to each other, can leave at their own pace all at once
herringbone parlor
cows stand sideways to each other, but can only go out single-file
what is a transition cow?
cows that are 30 days prepartum to 30 days postpartum
what can rumination collars be used for?
detect the amount of times that a cow ruminates each day
what is negative energy balance?
energy intake is less than energy expended, resulting in weight loss
what is a disadvantage of a robotic milker?
expensive
where does the methane produced in the rumen go?
feces and fermentation
what are 3 things used to calculate energy balance?
feed energy consumed, milk requirement, maintenance requirement (feed-milk-maintenance)
what is a negative DCAD diet and how does it prevent milk fever?
feeding the cows less cations and more ions, makes the cow more sensitive to PTH
are first lactation or fourth lactation cows more persistent?
first
what period is the cow at the greatest risk for death?
first month of lactation
what are the expectations for BCS loss/gain during lactation?
gain weight while pregnant, lose weight postpartum
where does glucose come from in the cow? (process)
gluconeogenesis (synthesized in the liver)
pasteurization
heating milk to 145 degrees for 30 mins to kill bacteria
what is a parlor turn?
how long it takes to get into the parlor, milked, and then out of the parlor
what is persistency?
how well the cow maintains milk production after peak lactation
when do you breed cows in a seasonal calving herd?
in the fall
why would you milk 3x a day versus 2x a day?
increases milk yield
how does a milking machine work?
inflations come out of the teat with 60 cycles per minute of on/off pulses
how does seasonal calving affect the type of milk products that you can sell?
it only allows you to sell milk when your cows are lactating, so you do not have a sufficient product supply year round
what is milk fever?
low blood calcium due to milk leaving the body
how do you prevent fatty liver?
make sure the cow is not too fat when they calve
what is livability?
measures the cow's ability to remain alive in the herd
homogenization
mechanical mixing so that the milk fat globules are reduced in size and distributed evenly
what is lactose?
milk sugar
what is the difference between a monobox and rotary robotic parlor?
monobox: one cow at a time, gives the cow the option to voluntarily give milk parlor: wheel, cows come and go on the wheel as it rotates and are milked
how does carbohydrate digestion differ for ruminant and monogastric?
no glucose leaves the rumen or intestine of the cow
do plant-based milk alternatives have the same nutritional value as milk?
no!!
what are the consequences of excessive weight loss?
poor health, low energy, more susceptible to disease
what is gluconeogenesis?
synthesis of glucose
what is lipolysis?
the breakdown of adipose tissue (fat)
why do cows get fatty liver postpartum?
the cow is mobilizing too much fat, NEFA gets stored in the liver at high concentrations
what are the two worst days in a cow's life?
the day she calves and the day you dry her off
why is it important that seasonal calving cows calve in the spring?
they time lactation with the growth of grass, because good pasture growth leads to good lactation
why is vitamin D added to milk?
to increase calcium absorption and prevent childhood disease rickets
what can the dairy industry do to reduce methane production?
try to keep high producing cows to limit the amount of cows on your farm or change their diet
what is the dairy matrix?
unique blend on nutrients and bioactive factors in milk
what can the dairy industry do to reduce the amount of methane coming from manure?
use biogas generation that captures methane
describe the neuroendocrine loop that leads to milk let down
washing the test causes oxytocin release into the bloodstream and directs epithelial cells for milk let down.
what are the molecular building blocks of milk?
water, glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids
what are the 4 major components of milk?
water, lactose, fat, and protein
what might be an advantage of a robotic milker?
you can milk a large amount of cows with limited labor
how long does it take to milk a cow?
10 minutes
what is the standard lactation length?
305 days (10 months)
what percentage of the herd will die on the farm each year?
5%
when does peak lactation occur?
60 days (2 months)
what are MCPs?
???
what is the difference between rumen by-pass protein and rumen degradable protein?
???
where do the building blocks come from during digestion?
???
