BCCh4

22) Which of the following is described by the first law of thermodynamics

Enthalpy

35) A measure of a system's internal energy is

Enthalpy

15) Which of the following is a low quality energy source

Heat

4) Which of the following thermodynamic properties is a state function?

Enthalpy and Entropy

34) The following statement is made by which law of thermodynamics?

...

38) Given the following ΔH values calculate the ΔH for the complete combustion of stearic acid.

...

37) How many molecules of oxygen are required to completely oxidize one mole of stearic acid ( C17H35COOH)?

53

8) The ionization constant of acetic acid is 1x10-5. What is ΔGo for the reaction?

6500 cal/mol

44) A Benard cell is an example of

A dissipative system

29) A Kelvin is _________.

A unit of temperature measurement

13) The most important direct source of energy in the body is:

ATP

43) In classical thermodynamics which of the following is true?

All systems are at or near equilibrium and All materials are at low concentration

24) What type of bond is being cleaved during the conversion of ATP to ADP?

Anhydride

16) Which of the following statements regarding free energy changes is true?

At equilibrium ΔG0 = O and Free energy is a state function

20) Which of the following processes are driven by the hydrolysis of ATP?

Biosynthesis of biomolecules; Active transport of substances across membranes; Mechanical work such as muscle contraction

42) Which of the following moves through a system in a biogeochemical cycle?

Chemical compounds; Heat; Light; Energy

33) An organism at equilbrium is said to be __________.

Dead

32) Systems far from equilibrium are referred to as _________ systems.

Dissipative

31) To maintain a system far from equilibrium a constant input of _______ is required.

Energy

23) Which of the following is described by the second law of thermodynamics

Entropy

12) The oxidation of food molecules to form CO2 and H2O is a(n) _______ process.

Exergonic

1) The course of chemical reactions is determined by three factors. These are enthalpy entropy and

Free energy

18) Which of the following thermodynamic properties is the most useful criterion of spontaneity?

Free energy

9) Under standard conditions is the ionization of a carboxylic acid spontaneous or not? A typical carboxylic acid has a pKa of 4.

It is not spontaneous

21) The study of reaction rates is called ___________.

Kinetics

30) The rate of a reaction can be determined from which of the following?

None of the above are correct.

10) In order for two reactions to be coupled what conditions must be met?

One of the reactions must be spontaneous and A product of one of the reactions must be a reactant in the second reaction

27) A living organism is what type of thermodynamic system?

Open

17) Which of the following compounds would liberate the most free energy on hydrolysis?

Phosphoenolpyruvate

40) Choose the molecule with the highest phosphate transfer potential.

Phosphoenolpyruvate

25) The tendency of ATP to undergo hydrolysis is called __________.

Phosphoryl group transfer potential

26) The products of the hydrolysis of ATP are more stable than ATP itself. This circumstance is due to __________.

Relief of charge-charge repulsions and Resonance stabilization of the products

45) The evolution of living organisms is driven by

Size of the energy gradient to be dissipated and Second law of thermodynamics

41) Biogeochemical cycles are pathways driven by which of the following?

Solar and Geothermal energy

36) In living organisms where does the increase in entropy takes place?

Surroundings

39) Magnesium ion (Mg++) forms complexes with ATP. What would happen to the stability of ATP if the magnesium was removed?

The ATP would be less stable

6) Which of the following statements is not true of a spontaneous process?

The entropy value is negative

11) When water and hydrophobic molecules are mixed all of the following are true except:

The hydrophobic molecules aggregate; The free energy of dissolving molecules is unfavorable; -TΔS becomes negative; Water's hydrogen-bonded interactions are disrupted

14) The law of the conservation of energy states that

The total energy of the universe is constant

2) Which of the following statements is true of an open system

There is an exchange of both matter and energy with the surroundings

3) Which of the following statements is true of a closed system?

There is an exchange of energy only with the surroundings

"At absolute zero the disorder of a perfect crystal approaches zero".

Third Law

28) Which of the following thermodynamic properties is pathway dependent?

Work

7) Which of the following is not a standard condition for standard free energy?

pH = 7

5) The first law of thermodynamics is described by which of the following equations?

ΔE = Q+W

46) A process is spontaneous when

ΔG0 < 0

19) For a reaction to be spontaneous which of the following statements must be true

ΔSuniv = positive