BECOMING HUMAN: Theories of emotion

Which of the following statements best represents the evolutionary theory on emotions?

A. Emotions serve to increase chances for survival.

The __________ theory claims that emotions are innate reactions to stimuli in one's surrounding environment.

A. evolutionary

Research has shown __________ often depends on one's current status, circumstances, and expectations.

A. subjective well-being

Which of the following plays a large role in developing and remembering specific fears?

A. the amygdala

__________ theory claimed that it was possible to experience arousal without the presence of emotion.

D. Cannon-Bard

Which of the following statements concerning behavioral expressions of emotion is not true?

D. Research indicates that facial expressions have no influence on the emotions one experiences.

Verbal expressions, body language, and facial expressions are all __________ components of emotion.

D. behavioral

Which of the following statements best reflects the James-Lange theory of emotion?

Different patterns of autonomic activation lead to the experience of different emotions.

Describe the different components of emotion.

Emotions are made up of three components. The cognitive component involves how one interprets the emotion or the evaluative aspect of emotion. The physiological component involves autonomic arousal that occurs in the body, such as a racing or decreased heart rate. The behavioral component of an emotion involves how one expresses the emotion both verbally, such as through the voice, and nonverbally, such as through body language and facial expressions.

According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, the arousing stimulus first triggers the physical response, then the subjective experience of emotion follows.

F

Fundamental emotions are emotions that are learned and are highly complex.

F

Evidence that physiological arousal precedes emotion would be most consistent with the _______.

NOT D. two factor theory

Brad was almost hit by a speeding truck as he crossed the street. His heart began to race, and he felt extremely afraid as he jumped out of the way in just enough time to avoid the truck. A psychologist who supports the _________ theory of emotion would claim that based on the arousal Brad experienced, he appraised the situation and then labeled his racing heart as fear.

Schachter two-factor

___________ theory of emotion states that the emotion experienced depends on cognitive appraisal.

Schachter's two-factor

According to research, which of the following statements reflecting the relationship between emotion and the prefrontal cortex is false?

Sensory input indicating emotion first enters the prefrontal cortex before traveling to the amygdala.

According to the James-Lange theory of emotion, the conscious experience of emotion results from one's perception of autonomic arousal.

T

Emotions are shown through verbal and nonverbal behaviors.

T

According to psychologists, how do the three components of emotion work together to make up emotion?

The three components are cognitive, behavioral, and physical aspects. They all work together to make the concept of emotion. Cognitive aspects include how someone perceives emotion. Behavioral aspects include how emotions can cause someone to act. Finally, there are physical changes that occur as a result of one's emotional experience.

According to positive psychologists, an individual's subjective well-being consists of one's __________ and __________.

overall level of happiness . . . life satisfaction

Karen walked into her dorm room and immediately noticed a horrible smell. She decided to clean her dorm and take out the trash. The emotion that prompted her to sanitize her surroundings was most likely __________.

B. disgust

There are generally thought to be _____ naturally occurring emotions that are present from birth.

B. seven

Someone experiencing dry mouth and the appearance of goose bumps may be having a __________ reaction of emotions of the autonomic nervous system.

B. sympathetic

Which of the following has been identified as one of the seven basic emotions that are present as early as infancy?

C. interest

According to research, one's level of happiness is related to all of the following except __________.

C. physical attractiveness

Psychologists claim that all of the following brain structures influence one's emotional response except __________.

C. the spinal cord

All of the following represent ways that emotions are overtly expressed to others except __________.

brain activity