Behavior Analysis

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The father of modern behavior analysis is...?

B.F. Skinner

Who demonstrated that a reflex could be conditioned to a neutral stimulus?

Pavlov

Ratio schedules result in exclusive responding to the alternative with the highest rate of payoff.

True

A discriminative stimulus is:

a controlling stimulus that sets the occasion for reinforcement for the operant behavior

A momentary change is reinforcer effectiveness and a momentary increase in behavior that produce that reinforcer are likely the results of...?

an establishing operation

Generalization indicates that

an organism will behave similarly in different situations

What is behavior?

anything a person says or does, including private events such as thoughts and emotions

You have an expired tag and you see a police car. You ______ a ticket by pulling off the road.

avoid

In the A-B-A-B reversal design, the A stands for...?

baseline

A functional analysis is used to show a casual relationship between...?

behavior and environment

A consequence can be considered a punisher if the ______

behavior decreases in the future

Watson is associated with:

behaviorism

When Pavlov pairs the food with the ringing of a bell, the dog would salivate. After several pairings Pavlov stopped presenting the food, and would only ring the bell. When only ringing the bell, the dog would salivate still. Salivation had now become the ______

conditioned response (CR)

Involves reinforcement in the presence of one stimulus (S-D) but not in other settings (S-delta).

differential reinforcement

When an organism makes a response in one situation, but not in another:

discrimination

A stimulus that precedes an operant, and sets the occasion for a behavior to occur is known as a ______

discriminative stimulus

Transferring stimulus control from one value of a stimulus to another is know as ______

fading

Ben has a job with a landscape service. He works about 35 hours each week. HE is always paid on Friday afternoon, and his salary is always the same.

fixed interval (FI)

Sue makes simple fabric dolls fro a local craft store. The store only take the dolls in sets of 25. For every $25 she delivers, the store pays her $10.

fixed ratio (FR)

When an unconditioned stimulus repeatedly elicits an unconditioned response, and the rate of response gradually declines, what has occurred?

habituation

Species-characteristic behavior patterns that can interfere with training are know as

instinctive drift

The matching law indicates that the relative rate of responding......

is approx. equal to the relative rate of reinforcement

Thorndike demonstrated that a behavior which produces a favorable effect on the environment will likely be repeated. This is know as the:

law of effect

Andrew was removed from class because he swore at his teacher. As a result of being removed from class activities, Andrew never swore at his teacher again. This is an example of ______

negative punishment

An aversive stimulus is removed following the behavior and the behavior is more likely to occur in the future

negative reinforcement

When Xander's mom served him liver, he yells and slams his fists on the table. His mother sends Xander to his room. The next time she serves him liver, he screams even louder, bangs his fists on the table, and throws a piece of liver at his sister

negative reinforcement

Extinction occurs when a previously reinforced behavior is ______ reinforced

no longer

extinction and negative reinforcement is:

not providing reinforcement and decreasing the behavior

Which of the following processes strengthen a behavior?

positive and negative reinforcement

Which is not one of the four basic contingencies?

positive extinction (the contingencies are: positive reinforcement, positive punishment, negative reinforcement, negative punishment)

You pet by dog Cassi and she bites you. You never pet my dog again. The contingency impacting your behavior of petting Cassi is:

positive punishment

I log into zoom and type 'good afternoon students' into the chat. Other students type in the chat 'good afternoon professor we are so glad to see you best professor ever!' Next class I quickly type good afternoon as soon as I log on

positive reinforcement

Justin finishes a task at work ahead of schedule, so his supervisor gives him a bonus. Now Justin tries to finish all tasks at work ahead of schedule. This is an example of ______

positive reinforcement

A behavior occurs and is immediately followed by a consequence that results in the increased likelihood of the behavior occurring in the future. This process is called:

reinforcement

Ivan Pavlov is credited as the founder of...?

respondent conditioning

Pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus is part of...?

respondent conditioning

When a person chooses the larger, delayed reward while rejecting the smaller, immediate payoff is said to show______

self-control behavior

______ is an example of behavior

smiling

When a behavior occurs again after it had not occurred for some time due to extinction, the process is called:

spontaneous recovery

Bill drives faster than the speed limit only when his friends are in the car with him because they tell him it's cool.Bill's behavior of driving over the speed limit only when his friends are around is said to be under ______ control

stimulus

Learning

the acquisition, maintenance, and change of an organism's behavior as a result of lifetime events

The form or structure of a response is know as...?

topography

In Pavlov's experiments on respondent conditioning, when the dog was given food, it would salivate. In this case, food was the ______

unconditioned stimulus (US)

Myron is a waiter in a college restaurant. Sometimes he gets a tip and sometimes the students leave nothing. Whether the night is busy (Friday) or dead (Tuesday), on average he gets a real tip from about 50% of his customers, but some nights everyone.

variable interval (VI)

Slot machines reward gamblers with money according to which reinforcement schedule?

variable ratio (VR)

The independent variable of an experiment is...?

what the investigator changes


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