Behavior Analysis
The father of modern behavior analysis is...?
B.F. Skinner
Who demonstrated that a reflex could be conditioned to a neutral stimulus?
Pavlov
Ratio schedules result in exclusive responding to the alternative with the highest rate of payoff.
True
A discriminative stimulus is:
a controlling stimulus that sets the occasion for reinforcement for the operant behavior
A momentary change is reinforcer effectiveness and a momentary increase in behavior that produce that reinforcer are likely the results of...?
an establishing operation
Generalization indicates that
an organism will behave similarly in different situations
What is behavior?
anything a person says or does, including private events such as thoughts and emotions
You have an expired tag and you see a police car. You ______ a ticket by pulling off the road.
avoid
In the A-B-A-B reversal design, the A stands for...?
baseline
A functional analysis is used to show a casual relationship between...?
behavior and environment
A consequence can be considered a punisher if the ______
behavior decreases in the future
Watson is associated with:
behaviorism
When Pavlov pairs the food with the ringing of a bell, the dog would salivate. After several pairings Pavlov stopped presenting the food, and would only ring the bell. When only ringing the bell, the dog would salivate still. Salivation had now become the ______
conditioned response (CR)
Involves reinforcement in the presence of one stimulus (S-D) but not in other settings (S-delta).
differential reinforcement
When an organism makes a response in one situation, but not in another:
discrimination
A stimulus that precedes an operant, and sets the occasion for a behavior to occur is known as a ______
discriminative stimulus
Transferring stimulus control from one value of a stimulus to another is know as ______
fading
Ben has a job with a landscape service. He works about 35 hours each week. HE is always paid on Friday afternoon, and his salary is always the same.
fixed interval (FI)
Sue makes simple fabric dolls fro a local craft store. The store only take the dolls in sets of 25. For every $25 she delivers, the store pays her $10.
fixed ratio (FR)
When an unconditioned stimulus repeatedly elicits an unconditioned response, and the rate of response gradually declines, what has occurred?
habituation
Species-characteristic behavior patterns that can interfere with training are know as
instinctive drift
The matching law indicates that the relative rate of responding......
is approx. equal to the relative rate of reinforcement
Thorndike demonstrated that a behavior which produces a favorable effect on the environment will likely be repeated. This is know as the:
law of effect
Andrew was removed from class because he swore at his teacher. As a result of being removed from class activities, Andrew never swore at his teacher again. This is an example of ______
negative punishment
An aversive stimulus is removed following the behavior and the behavior is more likely to occur in the future
negative reinforcement
When Xander's mom served him liver, he yells and slams his fists on the table. His mother sends Xander to his room. The next time she serves him liver, he screams even louder, bangs his fists on the table, and throws a piece of liver at his sister
negative reinforcement
Extinction occurs when a previously reinforced behavior is ______ reinforced
no longer
extinction and negative reinforcement is:
not providing reinforcement and decreasing the behavior
Which of the following processes strengthen a behavior?
positive and negative reinforcement
Which is not one of the four basic contingencies?
positive extinction (the contingencies are: positive reinforcement, positive punishment, negative reinforcement, negative punishment)
You pet by dog Cassi and she bites you. You never pet my dog again. The contingency impacting your behavior of petting Cassi is:
positive punishment
I log into zoom and type 'good afternoon students' into the chat. Other students type in the chat 'good afternoon professor we are so glad to see you best professor ever!' Next class I quickly type good afternoon as soon as I log on
positive reinforcement
Justin finishes a task at work ahead of schedule, so his supervisor gives him a bonus. Now Justin tries to finish all tasks at work ahead of schedule. This is an example of ______
positive reinforcement
A behavior occurs and is immediately followed by a consequence that results in the increased likelihood of the behavior occurring in the future. This process is called:
reinforcement
Ivan Pavlov is credited as the founder of...?
respondent conditioning
Pairing a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus is part of...?
respondent conditioning
When a person chooses the larger, delayed reward while rejecting the smaller, immediate payoff is said to show______
self-control behavior
______ is an example of behavior
smiling
When a behavior occurs again after it had not occurred for some time due to extinction, the process is called:
spontaneous recovery
Bill drives faster than the speed limit only when his friends are in the car with him because they tell him it's cool.Bill's behavior of driving over the speed limit only when his friends are around is said to be under ______ control
stimulus
Learning
the acquisition, maintenance, and change of an organism's behavior as a result of lifetime events
The form or structure of a response is know as...?
topography
In Pavlov's experiments on respondent conditioning, when the dog was given food, it would salivate. In this case, food was the ______
unconditioned stimulus (US)
Myron is a waiter in a college restaurant. Sometimes he gets a tip and sometimes the students leave nothing. Whether the night is busy (Friday) or dead (Tuesday), on average he gets a real tip from about 50% of his customers, but some nights everyone.
variable interval (VI)
Slot machines reward gamblers with money according to which reinforcement schedule?
variable ratio (VR)
The independent variable of an experiment is...?
what the investigator changes
