Bio 100 Exam 1 - mastering biology questions

It has been estimated that confined animal feeding operations contribute to about _____ of world carbon dioxide emissions.

15%

Over the last 800,000 years, CO2 concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere never rose above _____ part per million until the industrial revolution.

300

Today, it takes about ______ Calories of energy to produce about 1 Calorie of food.

55 Cal

A B C D E F G

A - H Atom B - O Atom C - H Atom D - (+) Charge E - (-) Charge F - Hydrogeen Bond G - Polar Covalent Bond

A B C D

A - Population Size B - Slow growth when population is small C - Time D - Faster and faster growth as population becomes larger

A B C D E

A - Population grows rapidly B - Population Size C - Time D - Population growth slows E - Carrying capacity, no population growth

A B C D E F G H

A - Solar Energy B - Trophic Levels C - Heat D - Tertiary Consumers E - Secondary Consumers F - Primary Consumers G - Primary Producers H - Decomposers

Organismal Ecology

Adaptations of organisms to their environment.

Choose the best explanation as to why both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration.

Although they may obtain their sugars in different ways, both consumers and producers rely on cellular respiration to make ATP.

What is the term used to describe relatively small areas with unusually high concentrations of species found there and nowhere else, including many species in high risk of extinction? These areas receive the focus of global conservation efforts.

Biodiversity hotspot

Cognito Farm avoids washing chicken carcasses with __________, which is done at many packing plants in the United States.

Bleach

Community Ecology

Interactions between species.

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of biodiversity:

Invasive Species

Atoms or molecules with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons are ___.

Ions

A scientist determines the average wind speed, and variation in the amount of wind, in a number of locations to see which locations would be most suitable for wind turbines. This experiment ___ hypothesis driven and is _____.

Is Not, Observational

A sociologist conducts a survey in Hawaii to describe people′s attitude about global climate change. This experiment _____ hypothesis driven and is _______.

Is Not, Observational

Drag the boxes to the bin below in the correct order to create a food chain. The lowest position in the food chain should be on the far left (e.g. primary producer), and the highest position in the food chain should be on the far right (e.g. secondary consumer). Refer to 12.8 in your text for help and/or definitions.

Kelp, Urchin, Otter phytoplankton, zooplankton, cod, sea lion, killer whale

What type of species, if removed from the community, could lead to the collapse of the entire community?

Keystone Species

How would you classify the interaction between coral and the algae that live in their tissues?

Mutualism

There are little birds that spend a great deal of time on the back of a rhinoceros and eat the blood sucking ticks out of the rhino's ears. Answer the following question regarding these creatures' relationships. The bird-rhino relationship is an example of ________.

Mutualism

All of the following are abiotic factors within an ecosystem except ________.

None they all ARE fire nutrients energy

When does Cognito Farm use antibiotics on its cattle?

Only when they are sick

There are little birds that spend a great deal of time on the back of a rhinoceros and eat the blood sucking ticks out of the rhino's ears. Answer the following question regarding these creatures' relationships. The tick-rhino relationship is an example of ________.

Parasitism

Which of the following best describes the energy conversion sequence in the solar panel system described in the video?

Photons carrying energy from the sun chemically react with silicon crystals to generate a flow of electrons.

There are little birds that spend a great deal of time on the back of a rhinoceros and eat the blood sucking ticks out of the rhino's ears. Answer the following question regarding these creatures' relationships. The bird-tick relationship is an example of ________.

Predator-Prey

Vegetarians belong in this trophic level.

Primary Consumers

Krill Phytoplankton Squid Sperm whale

Primary consumer, Primary producer, Secondary consumer, Tertiary consumer

Which of the following converts CO2 into sugars via photosynthesis?

Producers

All ecosystems need energy. What is the originating source for most of the energy that powers ecosystems on this planet?

Solar energy

The purpose of the Calvin cycle is to produce ________.

Sugar

The responsible management (use and conservation) of the earth's resources indefinitely is called ________.

Sustainable Development

At what level is biodiversity often studied and measured?

The diversity of species in a community The diversity of genes in a population The diversity of ecosystems on the planet

Atomic Weight

The number of protons plus neutrons in an atom, represented as an average of all naturally occurring forms of the element, is known as...

Which of the following would indicate that a home is using solar power to generate electricity and is NOT using batteries?

There are solar panels on the roof and power lines going to the home.

Identify the principal role of photosynthesis.

To convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars

In an ecological pyramid, there are far fewer tertiary consumers than secondary consumers.

True

Where do the electrons that are excited by the energy in sunlight first come from?

Water

What is responsible for the unusual chemical properties of water?

Water molecules can form an extensive network of hydrogen bonds with one another.

Elements

__________ are substances that CANNOT be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions

In biogeochemical cycles, chemical elements:

are continuously recycled cycle both locally and globally pass between biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem

A(n) _____ involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, also known as a molecular bond.

covalent bond

When two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms, a _____ is formed.

double bond

In this mutualism, the algae provide the coral with ____ , and the coral provides the algae with ____. The coral itself can be though of as a mini-ecosystem with its own flow of energy. The algae convert sunlight to sugar and are thus ______ , while the coral 'eat' this sugar and are thus ______. This mini-ecosystem also has chemical cycling. The CO2 that is released by the coral in ________ is used by the algae in _______.

food, shelter, producers, consumers, cellular respiration, photosynthesis

Ecology is a science that can be carried out by ________.

having hypotheses that are then tested and learning via discovery

The average ecological footprint of a US citizen is:

higher than the world average

A weak bond called a _____ results from an attraction between a slightly positive region in a molecule and a slightly negative region in the same or a different molecule.

hydrogen bond

A(n) ______ forms when one atom gives up one or more electrons to another atom.

ionic bond

An ecosystem is a collection of all the ________ in a given area.

living and nonliving things

When one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms, a _____ is formed.

single bond

"Ecology" is best defined as the study of ________.

the interactions between living organisms and their environments

What is heat energy?

the kinetic energy of moving atoms and molecules

Which of the following is a challenge to using solar-generated electricity in places not connected to a power grid?

the lack of efficient and inexpensive battery technology

A physiologist incubates eggs in the lab at a range of temperatures to see what temperatures produce males and what temperatures produce females. This experiment ____ hypothesis driven and is _______.

Is not, Manipulative

An ecologist predicts turtles grow larger when no predators are around. She places turtles in an experimental pond system where half the ponds have predators and half the ponds have had the predators removed. This experiment ___ hypothesis driven and is ____.

Is, Manipulative

A biologist predicts that shade might influence ground temperature, and therefore turtle sex ratios. He records the sex ratio of turtle hatchlings in shaded and unshaded regions. This experiment ____ hypothesis driven and is _____.

Is, Observational

A climatologist predicts that concentration of CO2 in a city will be negatively correlated with the amount of wind in that city. He collects data and looks at the amount of CO2 in a city as a function of the wind speed in the city. This experiment ___ hypothesis driven and is ____.

Is, Observational

Like many chemicals, ____ is cycled between the abiotic and biotic components of an ecosystem. The major abiotic reservoir for carbon is the _____. Carbon, in the form of _____, is transferred to the biotic components of the ecosystem via ______ by ______. _____ is then returned to the atmosphere via CO2 by living cells.

carbon, atmosphere, photosynthesis, producers, cellular respiration, CO2

If a home uses a large supply of solar panels to generate electricity, but has no battery system, surplus electricity that is produced is usually __________.

released into the power grid for others to use, generating a credit to the homeowner

Trace elements

... also called micronutrients, are any chemical element required by living organisms in minuscule amounts, but cells require them to survive.

Nitrogen

...is one of the four elements that make up 96.3% of living cells.

Zinc

...is one of the fourteen trace elements and is a component of certain digestive enzymes and other proteins.

Calcium

...is one of the seven elements that make up a small fraction, approximately 3.7%, of living cells.

Atomic number

...is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.

About how much has the average global temperature of the Earth risen since the industrial revolution?

1.6 F

On average, how far do agricultural products travel from farm to plate in the United States?

1400 miles

What is used at Cognito Farm to control fly larvae in the pasture?

Chickens

What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll captures energy from sunlight.

In what organelle does photosynthesis occur?

Chloroplast

Which of the following breaks down sugars to release CO2 via cellular respiration?

Consumers and producers

In the solar panel system presented in the video, which of the following was necessary to generate usable electrical current for a home?

DC power had to be converted to AC.

If a scientist is studying a coral reef, including both the biotic and abiotic components, what level of ecology is being studied?

Ecosystem

Ecosystem Ecology

Energy flow and chemical cycling.

Population Ecology

Environmental factors that affect population dynamics.

Human population growth over the last 100 years can best be described as:

Exponential

True or False. The average ecological footprint of a US citizen is sustainable.

False

Atoms involved in a _____ equally share electrons; there is no charge separation to the molecule.

non-polar bond

Which four elements make up the bulk of living cells?

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

A ____ is a type of chemical bond where a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms. As a result, one end of the molecule has a slightly negative charge and the other a slightly positive charge.

polar bond

What molecule(s) link the light reactions (stage 1 of photosynthesis) to the Calvin cycle (stage 2 of photosynthesis)?

The electron shuttles (ATP and NADPH)