BIO 103 Chapter 24

viroids cause a variety of plant diseases and are composed only of

A single strand of RNA

a __ consists of a short segment of nucleic acid with a protein coat

virus

what is a virulent (lytic) phage?

A virus that destroys the host.

when a cell reproduces by developing a bulge that enlarges and separates from the mother cell, it is reproducing by _________________

Asexual Reproduction

what is a temperate bacteriophage?

Does not immediately kill host. Viruses capable of lysogenic life cycle.

how do human viruses enter human cells?

Endocytosis of fusion of viral envelope with host cell membrane

how do retroviruses differ from other RNA viruses

They use reverse transcriptaste to transcribe the RNA genome to DNA that becomes integrated into the host's DNA.

the protein coat of a virus is called the ____________

capsid

________________ conversion occurs when a bacterium carrying viral genes takes on new, atypical characteristics

lysogenic

how do viral proteins damage host cells

may enter the permeability of the plasma membrane or may inhibit synthesis of host's nucleic acids or proteins

a virus that infects a bacterium is called a ______

phage (bacteriophage)

viral infections in humans spread via the circulatory system. Viral infections in plants spread from cell to cell by _______________

plasmodesmata

the specificity of viruses to different types of cells is due to __________ sites on the host cell

receptor

the 5 stages of a lytic infection are attachment, penetration, ______, assembly, and release

replication and synthesis