Bio 106 Final TEST #3

You are asked to culture an unidentified sample of animal tissue. You notice that the cells seem to fail to exhibit density-dependent inhibition. The source of this tissue sample is most likely. a. A cancer b. Skin c. A scar d. A fetal liver e. The sperm-producing tissue of the testis

a. A cancer

Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes in that Eukaryotic chromosomes a. Are housed in a membrane-enclosed nucleus b. Are copied immediately after cell division c. Are circular in structure d. Include fewer proteins e. Are simpler

a. Are housed in a membrane-enclosed nucleus

Mature human nerve cells and muscle cells a. Are permanently in a state of nondivision b. Continue to divide throughout their lifetime c. Cease dividing after a predetermined number of cell generations d. Become cancerous more easily than other cell types e. Remain undifferentiated unless an injury occurs

a. Are permanently in a state of nondivision

If a segment of a chromosome is removed this is called a a. Deletion b. Translocation c. Reciprocal translocation d. Nondisjunction e. Inversion

a. Deletion

You have a bad sunburn, but your skin heals. The process that is involved in replacing the skin cells is a. Mitosis b. Non-division of skin cells c. Growth cycle inhibition d. Meiosis e. Sexual reproduction

a. Mitosis

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope reform and the nucleoli reappear? a. Telophase b. Anaphase c. Metaphase d. Interphase e. Prophase

a. Telophase

The alleles of a gene (for example for eye color) are found at ----chromosomes a. The same locus on the homologous b. Different loci on the homologous spindle c. The same locus on the homologous mitochondrial d. The same locus on the heterologous e. Different loci on heterologous

a. The same locus on the homologous

Looking into your microscope, you spot an unusual cell. Instead of a the typical rounded cell shape, the cell has a very narrow middle separating two bulging ends. It sort of looks like the number 8. Then you realize that this cell is a. Undergoing cytokinesis b.About to undergo mitosis c. In the G1 phase of interphase d. In the G2 phase of interphase e. In the S phase of interphase

a. Undergoing cytokinesis

Both mitosis and meiosis are preceded by a.Interphase b. Prometaphase c. Anaphase d. Telophase e. Prophase

a.Interphase

Mendal's law of independent assortment states that a. Genes are sorted concurrently during gamete formation b. Each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation c. Chromosomes sort independently of each other during mitosis and meiosis d. Independent sorting of genes produces genetically identical gametes e. Genes sort indecently of each other in animals but not in plants

b. Each pair of alleles segregates independently of the other pairs of alleles during gamete formation

The genetic relationship of the daughter cells to the parent cells in Mitosis is ---- and in Meiosis ----- a. No cells are produced in Mitosis or Meiosis b. Genetically identical..... genetically unique c. Both genetically unique d. Both genetically identical e. Genetically unique..... genetically identical

b. Genetically identical..... genetically unique

How many times do cells divide in Mitosis? a. Four times b. Once c. They do not divide d. Twice e. Eight times

b. Once

Which of the following features likely accounts for the difference between plant and animal cell cytokinesis? a. Plant cells don't divide b. Plant cell division must maintain integrity of the cell wall c. Plant cells have two sets of chromosomes; animal cells have one set of chromosomes d. Animal cells lack the microfilaments required for forming a cleavage furrow e. Animal cells lack chloroplasts

b. Plant cell division must maintain integrity of the cell wall

Which plants in this figure must all be heterozygous? a. White-flowered plants in the F2 generation b. Purple-flowered plants in the F1 generation c. White-flowered plants in the P generation d. Purple-flowered plants in the F2 generation e. Purple-flowered plants in the P generation

b. Purple-flowered plants in the F1 generation

The number of chromosomes sets in the daughter cells produced in Meiosis are--- compared to the number of chromosome sets in Mitosis --- a. n or haploid (with 46 chromosomes in humans)...... 2n or diploid (with 23 chromosome sets in humans) b. n or haploid (with 23 chromosomes in humans)..... 2n or diploid (with 46 chromosomes in humans) c. 2n or diploid (with 46 chromosomes in humans)..... n or haploid (with 23 chromosomes in humans) d. 2n or diploid (with 23 chromosomes in humans)..... n or haploid (with 46 chromosomes in humans) e. Both are 2n or diploid (with 46 chromosomes in humans)

b. n or haploid (with 23 chromosomes in humans)..... 2n or diploid (with 46 chromosomes in humans)

Asexual reproduction requires ----- individual(s) a. 3 b. 0 c. 1 d. 4 e. 2

c. 1

Which of the following occurs during interphase? a. Cytokinesis b. Duplication of the chromosomes c. Cell growth and duplication of the chromosomes d. A reduction in the size of the nuclear membrane e. Separation of newly formed DNA to opposite ends of the cell

c. Cell growth and duplication of the chromosomes

Dr Smith's parents have normal hearing. However, Dr Smith has an inherited form of deafness. Deafness is a recessive trait that is associated with the abnormal allele d. The normal allele at this locus, associated with normal hearing, is D. Dr smith's parents could have which of the following genotypes? a. DD and DD b. dd and dd c. Dd and Dd d. Dd and DD e. DD and dd

c. Dd and Dd

Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle in which phase? a. Metaphase b. Telophase c. Interphase d. Anaphase e. Prophase

c. Interphase

Which of the following statements regarding the function of mitosis is FALSE? a. Mitosis allows organisms to grow b. Mitosis allows organisms to regenerate lost parts c. Mitosis allows organisms to generate genetic diversity d. Mitosis allows organisms to reproduce asexually e. Mitosis allows organisms to repair tissues

c. Mitosis allows organisms to generate genetic diversity

If segments of two nonhomologous chromosome swap locations with each other this is called a a. Inversion b. Transversion c. Reciprocal translocation d. Deletion e. Nondisjunction

c. Reciprocal translocation

The number of chromosomal duplications for Mitosis is --- and for Meiosis --- a. 4....1 b. 2.....1 c. 2......2 d. 1......1 e. 1........2

d. 1......1

A monohybrid cross is a. A triploid plant that results from breeding two very different plants b. The second generation of a self-fertilized plant c. A breeding experiment in which the parental varieties have only one prominent trait d. A breeding experiment in which the parental varieties differ in only one character e. A breeding experiment in which the parental varieties have only one trait in common

d. A breeding experiment in which the parental varieties differ in only one character

A gene locus is a. Where cell division occurs b. A structure that developed only in plant cells c. Where homologous chromosomes line up during Meiosis d. A specific location of a gene along the chromosome e. Where sister chromatids are connected

d. A specific location of a gene along the chromosome

How do chromosomes line up in Meiosis I on the metaphase plate a. In pairs of eight b. They are scattered throughout the cell c. Singly d. As homologous chromosomes e. As amorphous chromatin

d. As homologous chromosomes

All of the offspring of a cross between a black-eyed mendelian and an orange-eyed mendelian have black eyes. This means that the allele for black eyes is ---- the allele for orange eyes a. More aggressive than b. Codominant to c. Recessive to d. Dominant to e. Better than

d. Dominant to

From a test cross you have determined that the genotype of the labrador retriever is heterozygous with the dominant allele A coding for black coat and the recessive allele a coding for brown coat. You expect that the ratio of puppies form that litter have a. All brown coat b. 3/4 have a brown coat and 1/4 has a black coat c. All a black coat d. Half have a black coat and the other half a brown coat e. 3/4 have a black coat and 1/4 have a brown coat

d. Half have a black coat and the other half a brown coat

How many sex chromosomes are in a human gamete? a. Five b. Two c. Three d. One e. Four

d. One

What type of cell is shown? a. Plant cell in interphase b. Animal cell in telophase c. Plant cell in metaphase d. Plant cell in telophase e. Animal cell in metaphase

d. Plant cell in telophase

Prior to mitosis, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell has duplicated and consists of a pair of identical structures called a. DNA transcripts b. Sister chromosomes c. Nucleoli d. Sister chromatids e. Chromatin

d. Sister chromatids

The genetic material is duplicated during a. The mitotic phase b. G2 c. Mitosis d. The S phase e. G1

d. The S phase

What is the purpose of Meiosis? a. To produce diploid cells b. The production of identical daughter cells c. DNA duplication d. The production of gametes e. Cell growth during development of an organism

d. The production of gametes

Plants in which self-fertilization offspring that are identical to the parents are referred to as a. Independent crosses b. Hybrids c. The F2 generation d. True-breeding c. Monohybrid cross

d. True-breeding

How many times do cells divide in Meiosis? a. Eight times b. Once c. They do not divide d. Twice e. Four times

d. Twice

A testcross is a. A mating between two individuals heterozygous for the trait of interest b. A mating between two individuals of unknown genotype c. A mating between an individual of unknown genotype and an individual heterozygous for the trait of interest d. A mating between an individual of unknown genotype and an individual homozygous dominant for the trait of interest e. A mating between an individual of unknown genotype and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait of interest

e. A mating between an individual of unknown genotype and an individual homozygous recessive for the trait of interest

With the exception of identical twins, siblings who have the same two biological parents are likely to look similar, but not identical, to each other because they have a. The same combination of traits, but different genes b. Only 20% chance of sharing the same combination of genes c. Identical chromosomes, but different genes d. Identical genes, but different chromosomes e. A similar but not identical combination of genes

e. A similar but not identical combination of genes

According to the graph, at what maternal age does the incidence of Down syndrome begin to increase substantially? a. About 21 or 22 b. About 50 or 51 c. About 26 or 27 d. About 31 or 32 e. About 37 or 38

e. About 37 or 38

The creation of offspring carrying genetic information from a single parent is called a. Regeneration b. A life cycle c. Spontaneous generation d. Sexual reproduction e. Asexual reproduction

e. Asexual reproduction

The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells is called a. Spindle formation b. Mitosis c. Binary fission d. Telophase e. Cytokinesis

e. Cytokinesis

As a patch of scraped skin heals, the cells fill in the injured area but do not grow beyond that. This is an example of a. Density-independent inhibition b. Anchorage independence c. Anchorage-dependent inhibition d. Growth factor inhibition e. Density-dependent inhibition

e. Density-dependent inhibition

When animal cells are grown in a petri dish, they typically stop dividing once they have formed a single, unbroken layer on the bottom of the dish. This arrest of division is an example of a. Cell constraint b. Growth factor desensitization c. Cancer d. Cell division repression e. Density-dependent inhibition

e. Density-dependent inhibition

If a chromosome fragment of a homologous chromosome breaks off and then reattaches to the original chromosome, but in the reverse direction, the resulting chromosomal abnormality is called a(n) a. Nondisjunction b. Reciprocal translocation c. Deletion d. Translocation e. Inversion

e. Inversion

Spindel microtubules attach to the homologous chromosomes at the ----- a. Inversesome b. Centromere c. Centrioles d. Centrosomes e. Kinetochore

e. Kinetochore

If these four cells resulted from cell division of a single cell with diploid chromosome number 2n=4, what best describes what just occurred? a. Normal meiosis b. Normal mitosis c. Normal binary fission d. Meiosis with nondisjunction in meiosis I e. Meiosis with nondisjunction in meiosis II

e. Meiosis with nondisjunction in meiosis II

Nondisjunction occurs when a. Chromosomes replicate too many times b. A portion of a chromosome breaks off and is lost c. Two chromosomes fuse into one d. An entire pair of chromosomes is lost during meiosis I e. Members of a chromosome pair fail to separate

e. Members of a chromosome pair fail to separate

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from the two spindle poles? a. Interphase b. Prophase c. Anaphase d. Telophase e. Metaphase

e. Metaphase

What is the normal complement of sex chromosomes in a human male? a. Two X chromosomes b. One Y chromosome c. Two Y chromosomes d. Two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome e. One X chromosome and one Y chromosome

e. One X chromosome and one Y chromosome

Which of the following statements regarding prokaryotes is FALSE? a. In prokaryotes, daughter chromosomes are separated by an active movement away from each other and the growth of a new plasma membrane between them b. Most prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission c. Daughter prokaryotic chromosomes are separated by some sort of active movement away from each other and the growth of new plasma membrane between them d. Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic e. Prokaryotic chromosomes are more complex than those of eukaryotes

e. Prokaryotic chromosomes are more complex than those of eukaryotes

Sister chromatids are a. Made only of DNA b. Formed when chromatids separate during cell division c. Unique to prokaryotes d. Found right after a cell divides e. Tightly linked together at the centromere

e. Tightly linked together at the centromere