Bio 11

Which of these is considered more evolutionarily primitive, and has no distinct membrane bound nucleus?

Prokaryotic cell

Which body system clears out waste products and excess water from the body, helps balance water and crucial electrolytes and ions Select one:

Urinary system

The internal genetic construction of an organism, whether it produces visible traits or not, is the:

a.Genotype b.Phenotype c.Cross-over tendency d.Non-disjunction

Humans along with other primates represent one of the oldest known species in the history of the planet.

'False'.

Please choose each of the specific facts below that support evolution: e all of ....

(answ e) Progressive fossil records b.Observation of similar comparative anatomy c.The study of matching DNA sequences among like species d.The discovery of 'Transitional forms' throughout history e.All of these things support the process of evolution

Which system is responsible for contracting, and extending to move the bones in the body?

Muscular

Endotherms:

Are all furred or feathered b.All maintain their own internal temperature regardless of environment, within reason c.All must rely completely on elements in their environment to maintain their internal temperature d.Can only survive in warmer climates e.Can only survive in cooler climates

Please choose all of the following that are examples of helpful bacteria:

Probiotic flora in your gut, Microbes that ferment feed in the bovine, Bacteria that produce oxygen

Arthropods, though extremely unpopular with many people, are actually one of the rarest categories of living creatures on the planet. Select one: True False

: True False

Which is MOST true and accurate? Arteries:

: Always carry blood away from the heart

There are only 4 main types of tissue in the body. Those are:

Connective, Muscle, Epithelial, Nervous

Endotherms:

All maintain their own internal temperature regardless of environment, within reason

Physiology is best described as:

Function, how organs and systems in the body work

Chemotherapy is a commonly used treatment modality for cancer patients. One's hope is that the treatment will kill the cancer and not kill the patient! Why do we see so many side effects from chemo involving the skin, digestive system and bone marrow?

Because those are the parts of the body most commonly affected by cancer, so the treatment is concentrated there b. Because chemotherapy agents make patients more prone to sun damage and spicy or acidic foods c. Because chemotherapy burns exposed tissues just like radiation d. Because chemotherapy attacks rapidly dividing cells

Choose all of the following that are similarities between bats and robins:

Both are endotherms, Both eat, drink, eliminate, reproduce,, Both can fly, both have endoskeletons for support & protection,

What are the 2 main components of the central nervous system?

Brain, Spinal cord

The smallest vessels where O2 and CO2 exchange takes place between blood cells and tissues, situated between venules and arterioles are called:

Capillaries

How high are the odds that early humans roamed the earth alongside dinosaurs?

Chances are nil; millions of years separate humans from dinosaurs

Arthropods, though extremely unpopular with many people, are actually one of the rarest categories of living creatures on the planet.

False'.

The process of evolution starts with a detailed plan, or blueprint, then manipulates genetics of individuals to achieve that goal.

False'.

Anatomy is best described as:

Form, structure, location of body parts

Tigers and Lions can technically successfully mate, and produce hybrids known as 'Ligers' and 'Tigons'. The offspring typically have significant physical abnormalities and don't live anywhere near a full lifespan, and depending on the mating, the dam's life is put in extreme danger if she gives birth to the offspring unassisted. The ligers or tigons do however often live long enough to reach reproductive age. This combination arguably does not happen in the wild, because lions and tigers inhabit primarily different continents and territories. Humans have forced this hybrid in captivity to create animal attractions and make money, though fortunately the unethical practice is now being diminished dramatically thanks to public awareness. Taking in that LONG story, which barrier most likely keeps lions and tigers from mating all the time in the wild, creating new naturally occurring species?

Habitat differences

Thermophiles are:

Heat seeking Archaea

Bacteria in the guts of herbivores that breakdown feedstuff, bacteria that help release oxygen, bacteria that help breakdown dead organic matter to make it safe and usable in the environment, adding probiotics for human or animal patients to replace those lost in the gut on antibiotic therapy ALL represent:

Helpful prokaryotes

Besides helping to prevent pregnancy, what is another great benefit to barrier methods of birth control, like condoms and dental dams?

Helps prevent many sexually transmitted diseases

Please choose each of the specific facts below that support evolution:

Progressive fossil records b.Observation of similar comparative anatomy c.The study of matching DNA sequences among like species d.The discovery of 'Transitional forms' throughout history e.All of these things support the process of evolution

Please choose all of the following that are commonly mutagens in the body:

High animal fats, prepared or cured meats, radiation from the sun, radiation from other sources, (radiology tech), smoking, asbestos, many pesticides etc. Any ok! Quit smoking! Eat more real food and less prepared foods, use sunscreen, exercise, more plant-based diet Select one or more: a. Diet high in animal fat b. Radiation c. Smoking d. Pesticides e. Asbestos f. Exercise g. Eating dark greens h. Plant based diet

The endocrine system is a complex and crucial system that impacts all other systems. What are the main chemical messengers it sends through the blood stream do its work?

Hormones

Cancer cells spreading through the body and invading other tissues is:

Metastasis

Which tissue in the body is most responsible for communicating with and controlling the other tissues and systems in the body?

Nervous

In your book and your lecture, you were asked: Is it possible to have a zero-calorie energy drink? Taking the term "Energy" to meet its literal scientific definition, is it possible?

No!

In the concepts of "Genetic fitness" or "Survival of the fittest" does "Fit" always mean "Strong"?

No; in many cases, ability to hide, camouflage, escape or always access food defines genetic fitness, and strength has nothing to do with it

The processes and parts of the immune system including complement, the skin and related integumentary structures, and inflammation are:

Non-specific, and carry no long-lasting memory cells

How could a human possibly be obese, and still malnourished?

One can eat too many calories for the body to burn, while still not consuming adequate nutrients

Please choose all of the following that indicate hyperactivity of the immune system: (2 points)

Peanut allergy, Allergy to bee stings, Rejection of a recently transplanted organ, Autoimmune joint disease, Autoimmune anemia

Please choose the following statements that are the MOST true:

Populations evolve, In most cases, more offspring of a certain species are born than the environment and resources can support

Which system moves, takes in and helps exchange O2 and CO2 in the body?

Respiratory

Please choose all of the statements below that accurately describe differences between bats and robins:

Select one or more: a. Bats are mammals, robins are birds. b. Bats give birth to live young, robins lay eggs. c. Bats have teeth, robins have bills/beaks. d. Bats have fur, robins have feathers e. Robins can fly, bats can not f. Bats can learn, robins can not g. Robins have wings and two legs, bats have 4 legs h. Bats form social bonds with others, robins do not

Choose all of the following that are similarities between bats and robins:

Select one or more: a. Both are endotherms b. Both eat, drink, eliminate, reproduce, c. Both can fly d. both have endoskeletons for support & protection, e. Both are mammals f. Both have teeth g. Both have feathers h. Both lay eggs

Please choose all of the following lifestyle habits or changes that can help you prevent cancer:

Select one or more: a. Exercise more b. Eat a more plant based diet c. Quit smoking d. Gain weight, preferably in the abdomen e. Eat more processed meats f. Sit more to rest your bones

Please choose the following statements that are the MOST true:

Select one or more: a. Individuals evolve b. Individual families evolve within the same generation c. Populations evolve d. Evolution sets a goal, makes a plan, and acts accordingly to reach that goal e. In most cases, more offspring of a certain species are born than the environment and resources can support f. In most cases, fewer offspring of a certain species are born than the environment and resources can support

By creating a Punnett square, we can guarantee genetic outcomes of future generations.

Select one: True False

The observable, or visible traits or characteristics brought about by ones genetic make-up is the:

Select one: a.Genotype b.Phenotype c.Cross-over tendency d.Non-disjunction

Which process happens in the cell's nucleus, and re-writes the DNA information onto Messenger RNA?

Select one: a.Transcription b.Translation c.Mutation

Which type of reproduction provides more genetic variation?

Sexual reproduction

Which system in the body provides structure, leverage and protection for internal organs in addition to storing major minerals?

Skeletal

In which part of the human digestive system does the majority of nutrient absorption happen?

Small intestine

Which one of these statements about PCR, or polymerase chain reaction testing, is LEAST true?

Testing can be done using very small amounts of material b.Testing is simple, cheap, and "Old school", not requiring any sophisticated technology c.Testing with this method yields remarkably accurate results d.Important information can be obtained and utilized in a relatively short period of time

Without question smoking cigarettes is bad for ones health. Please match the list of effects from smoking with the body system impacted. Each answer will be used one time.

The correct answer is: Damage to air sacs, (alveoli) deep in the lungs → Respiratory system, Hypertension, (increased blood pressure) → Cardiovascular system, Decreased total white blood cell count → Hematologic/immune system, Decreased bone density → Skeletal system, Lowered sperm count and impotence → Reproductive system, Reduced ability to smell or taste → Sensory system

Regarding the viral infections HIV and FIV, which one of these is MOST true?

They are not easy to catch; it takes blood to blood contact, penetrating bite wounds or penetrating sexual contact to transmit these viruses

IF you get to look at a human cell in great detail, and discover it has 23 chromosomes INCLUDING a Y chromosome, what cell are you looking at?

a. An egg cell b. A sperm cell c. A liver cell d. A rapidly dividing cell, (skin, bone marrow, digestive system) e. Any somatic cell f. Any sex cell

Please choose all of the statements below that accurately describe differences between bats and robins

a. Bats are mammals, robins are birds. b. Bats give birth to live young, robins lay eggs. c. Bats have teeth, robins have bills/beaks. d. Bats have fur, robins have feathers

Which performs mechanical and chemical breakdown, and absorption of nutrients

a. Digestive

Thermophiles are: Select one:

a. Heat seeking Archaea b. Heat seeking bacteria c. Salt loving archaea d. Salt loving bacteria e. Methane producing archaea f. Methane producing bacteria

Bacteria in the guts of herbivores that breakdown feedstuff, bacteria that help release oxygen, bacteria that help breakdown dead organic matter to make it safe and usable in the environment, adding probiotics for human or animal patients to replace those lost in the gut on antibiotic therapy ALL represent:

a. Helpful prokaryotes

Infection-causing organisms becoming more and more resistant over time to the very drugs that used to kill earlier versions of them is a great example of:

a. Natural selection

What is metastasis?

a. The spreading of malignant tumor cells, or cancer, to other sites in the body

Why does artificial selection used to create breeds of dogs with abnormal conformation tend to cause higher incidence of disease than allowing natural selection to occur?

a. We are often forcing higher % of recessive genes to bring about a certain observable phenotype with little regard to what else comes along with that phenotype b. Many of the bad genetic things that happen to animals are recessive, therefore we are protected from experiencing them by the healthier dominant genes. c. Because we have so grossly altered the natural anatomy of some animals, (dogs), we have caused structural abnormalities. d. All of these are true

We would expect which one of these healthy individuals to have the highest amount of mitotic cell division happening?

a.A 45 year old male human b.A geriatric mammal of any species c.A 75 year old woman d.A middle aged goose e.Any newborn animal f.Any female animal

What are the gametes?

a.Egg and sperm cells b.Ovaries and testicles c.Placenta and umbilical cord d.DNA and RNA e.Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

What is 'ATP'?

a.Energy for the cell b.A mutagen c.A growth molecule found only in the developing fetus d.A product found only in plant cells

To use DNA information for identifying disease carriers, determining biological parents or helping solve a crime, it's important we do it responsibly and accurately. Which of these things helps this tool be so incredibly accurate?

a.No two humans on record have ever had the same short tandem repeat sites unless they were identical twins. b.No two humans on record have ever had the same number of chromosomes unless they were identical twins. c.No two humans on record have ever had the same "STOP" codons unless they were identical twins. d.No two humans on record have ever had the same RNA code for the amino acid CYSTEINE unless they were identical twins. e.No two humans on record have ever had the same haploid number unless they were identical twins

The person who statistically shares your DNA patterns the most closely would be your:

a.Older sibling b.Mother c.Father d.Offspring e.Identical twin

The process of meiosis occurs:

a.Only in the somatic cells b.Only in the reproductive cells c.Only in digestive and hepatic cells d.Only in the bone marrow

The process of mitosis occurs:

a.Only in the somatic cells b.Only in the reproductive cells c.Only in digestive and hepatic cells d.Only in the bone marrow

Which membrane process must have ATP, and changes shape to engulf items to move them out of a cell?

a.Simple diffusion b.Facilitated diffusion c.Endocytosis d.Active transport e.Exocytosis f.Osmosis g.Filtration

The shape of DNA is described as a:

a.Single strand b.Double helix c.Triple twist d.Variable net e.Spherical spiral

Which process happens in the cell's cytoplasm using RNA and ribosomes, and changes chromosome "language" into amino acid "language"?

a.Transcription b.Translation c.Mutation

Vegans and vegetarians are often asked where and how they get their protein. (And they are pretty sick of being asked this, by the way) :) how would a responsible vegan correctly answer the question?

b. Eating a healthy variety gives us all the amino acids we need along with higher protein non-animal products, so all proteins can be built

In the concepts of "Genetic fitness" or "Survival of the fittest" does "Fit" always mean "Strong"?

b. No; in many cases, ability to hide, camouflage, escape or always access food defines genetic fitness, and strength has nothing to do with it

Which system moves and helps exchange oxygen and CO2 in the body

b. Respiratory

Consider all the cells in your body, or that of a donkey, iguana or sparrow. Which one of these statements is the most accurate?

b. The DNA in all cells of an individual is the same, BUT their function and protein production differs depending on location and need

What does the term "Essential nutrients" mean, such as essential amino acids, or essential fatty acids?

b.Nutrients that an animal must consume; they can't be produced or converted by the body

What is 'Taxonomy'?

b.The classification of different species into increasingly specific groups

How high are the odds that early humans roamed the earth alongside dinosaurs?

c. Chances are nil; millions of years separate humans from dinosaurs

Which system clears out waste products and excess water from the body, helps balance water and crucial electrolytes and ions

c. Urinary

If an individual mammal is supposed to have 32 chromosomes, but something happened, and that individual ended up with the wrong number, how big a deal is it?

c.A very big deal that poses a threat to health and survival in either direction

Say an individual is supposed to have 46 chromosomes. Something happened, and that individual ended up with the wrong number. How big a deal is it?

c.A very big deal that poses a threat to health and survival in either direction

The process of evolution starts with a detailed plan, or blueprint, then manipulates genetics of individuals to achieve that goal. Select one:

false

Ecology is the study of

how organisms interact with each other and the nonliving environment

A patient can lose 50% of his or her kidney function, and still be ok.

yes