Sociology Quiz CH 2
What term refers to the arithmetic average of a series of numbers?
Mean
What is the term for the value that occurs most often in a series of numbers?
Mode
Imagine that you are repeating research done by someone else in order to assess the accuracy of that research. You are doing which of the following?
Replication
Which sociological research method saves the time and expense of data gathering, but the researcher has no control over possible data bias?
Secondary analysis of existing sources
What concept refers to any change in a subject's behavior that is caused by the awareness of being studied?
The Hawthorne effect
_________ refers to measuring exactly what one intends to measure.
Validity
Scientific sociology ________
favors quantitative data
Interpretive sociology refers to sociology that ________.
focuses on the meaning people attach to behavior
A theory states that increasing a person's formal higher education results in increased earnings over the individual's lifetime. In this theory, "higher education" is the ________.
independent variable
A researcher doing participant observation may often "break in" to a setting more easily with the help of a ________
key informant
Science can be defined as a ________
logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic observation.
It is difficult to establish all the cause-and-effect relationships in a social situation because ________.
most patterns of behavior are caused by many factors
Regarding ethical research guidelines, the American Sociological Association states that researchers ________.
must protect the privacy of subjects taking part in a research project
Critical sociology ________.
seeks to bring about desirable social change.
Three researchers wish to test the effects of playing soft music during an exam on the test performance of their sociology students. They conduct an experiment in which one test-taking class hears music and another does not. In experimental terms, the class hearing the music is called ________
the experimental group.
Two variables are said to display correlation if ________
they vary together
Inductive logical thought involves ________
transforming specific observations into general theory
Deductive logical thought involves ________
turning theories into hypotheses suitable for testing
In the process of measurement, reliability refers to ________
whether repeating the measurement yields consistent results.
Which research method asks subjects to respond to a series of items in a questionnaire or an interview?
A survey