BIO 110 Friedman Exam 1

Ions that have a charge of -1 a. Have more electrons than protons b. Have more protons than electrons c. Include sodium ions d. A and B e. B and C

a. Have more electrons than protons

Which of the following is/are true of protists? a. Protists are eukaryotes that cannot be identified as fungi, plants or animals b. All protists move by way of pseudopodia c. All protists are photosynthetic d. All protists are parasites e. All of the above are true of protists

a. Protists are eukaryotes that cannot be identified as fungi, plants or animals

The changes that organisms develop that affect their survival (and, your professor would add, their reproduction) are called a. Cellular organization b. Stimulus responses c. Reproduction d. Homeostasis e. Evolutionary adaptations

e. evolutionary adaptations

Which of the following is the same as 10^8/10^6? a. 10^2 b. 10^-2 c. 10^4 d. All of the above e. Only B and C above

a. 10^2

From the list below, the highest (largest) unit in the hierarchy of interacting living and non-living things is a. Ecosystems b. Organisms c. Molecules d. Communities e. Populations

a. Ecosystems

When a solute enters a red blood cell, water will soon also enter the cell. How will this affect the red blood cells? a. When enough water enters the red blood cell, it will explode b. The proteins inside the cell will become more concentrated c. The intake of water makes the red cell more buoyant, so it will rise to the tope of the test tube d. The red blood cell will settle to the bottom of the test tube, due to increased water weight

a. When enough water enters the red blood cell, it will explode

In the tree of life, the familiar plants and animals a. are all located in the domain eucaryota b. form a large fraction of the total tree of life c. are all located in the domain archaea d. are more distantly related to each other than are the bacteria and archaea e. none of the above

a. are all located in the domain eucaryota

Quantum mechanics says that a. at a small scale interactions between matter and energy are quantized b. at a small scale interactions between matter and energy are continuous c. any number of electrons can occupy an orbital d. there is 100% chance that an electron will be found within its orbital volume e. none of the above

a. at a small scale interactions between matter and energy are quantized

A rock rolled up against a hill is an example of potential energy stored against which fundamental force? a. gravity b. weak nuclear force c. electromagnetism d. strong nuclear force e. the force of persuasion

a. gravity

The up and down quarks a. have a charge of +2/3 or -1/3 b. can be readily isolated as separate particles c. are the components of electrons d. are made up of leptons e. none of the above

a. have a charge of +2/3 or -1/3

The idea(s) of Thomas Malthus that were influential to Darwin included a. Population growth will always exceed growth of the food supply b. Population grows arithmetically while food supply increases geometrically c. Growth of the food supply will always exceed growth in population d. A and B e. B and C

a. population growth will always exceed growth of the food supply

The familiar plants, animals, and fungi a. Form a large part of the tree of life b. Are all in the domain of eucaryota c. Are in three different domains d. A and B e. A and C

b. Are all in the domain of eucaryota

In lab you observed a picture of a newspaper article with the stereomicroscope. When you used the stereomicroscope you saw that the newsprint was made up of individual spots of ink, something you could not perceive with the naked eye. The difference in what is visible with microscope and what is visible with your eye is primarily due to: a. A difference in magnification b. A difference in resolution c. A difference in contrast d. A difference in proximity (the microscope lens was much closer to the newsprint than your eye) e. A difference in interpupillary distance

b. A difference in resolution

How are the diplomonads and Archaea distinguished? a. Diplomonads contain chlorophyll a, but Archaea do not b. Diplomonads have membrane-bound nuclei, but Archaea do not c. Diplomonads have a kinetoplast, but Archaea do not d. All of the above may be used to distinguish diplomonads from Archaea e. Only B and C above may be used to distinguish diplomonads from Archaea

b. Diplomonads have membrane-bound nuclei, but Archaea do not

Atoms that are electrically neutral a. Have an equal number of protons and neutrons b. Have an equal number of protons and electrons c. Have an equal number of neutrons and electrons d. Are called cations e. Are called anions

b. Have an equal number of protons and electrons

In the permeability lab, which of the following is true of H50? a. It is the concentration of each solute used in lab b. It is a measure of membrane permeability c. It is a measure of the wavelength of light used by the spectrophotometer d. It is a measure of the intensity of light used by the spectrophotometer e. It is the time it takes for the solute/red blood cell mixture to become completely cloudy

b. It is a measure of membrane permeability

In the permeability lab, which of the following is the dependent variable? a. The electrical charge of the solutes used in lab b. Membrane permeability c. The molecular weight of the solutes used in lab d. The lipid solubility of the solutes used in lab e. The concentration of each solute used in lab

b. Membrane permeability

The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection a. States that all characteristics that help organisms survive and reproduce will become more common in future generations b. States that none of the characteristics that help organisms survive and reproduce will become more common in future generations c. States that the heritable characteristics that help organisms survive and reproduce will become more common in future generations d. States that being bigger and stronger will always become more common in future generations e. None of the above

b. States that none of the characteristics that help organisms survive and reproduce will become more common in future generations

One millisecond is about the time needed for a. a noncovalent reaction b. a covalent reaction c. making a large molecule d. the lifetime of a species e. none of the above

b. a covalent reaction

The complexity of biological systems is possible a. Because biological systems break the principles of thermodynamics b. Because biological systems have a constant source of energy: the Sun c. Because biological systems don't need much energy d. Because biological systems produce whatever energy they do need out of nothing e. C and D

b. because biological systems have a constant source of energy: the sun

Which of the following characteristics describe scientific knowledge? a. it is gained only by deductive (logical) reasoning b. it can be hypothesis-driven or based on discovery c. it tries to answer "why questions," questions of meaning and values d. it can be privately known by just one person e. in scientific knowledge untested theories are combined into general hypotheses

b. it can be hypothesis-driven or based on discovery

Which of the following id not a defining characteristic of living things? a. Energy utilization b. Motion c. Evolution d. Growth e. Homeostasis

b. motion

Which of the following statements about the Theory of Special Relativity is not true? a. special relativity brings together multiple scientific concepts, like other theories in science b. special relativity states that mass can be converted into energy, but only in nuclear reactions c. special relativity states that the laws of physics (including the speed of light) have to be the same for all situations moving at constant velocity c. special relativity states that measurements of length, mass, and time are relative to the observer e. special relativity specifies an intimate connection between mass and energy

b. special relativity states that mass can be converted into energy, but only in nuclear reactions

Which of the following is not true about scientific theories? a. they link many hypotheses into a more general model b. they're theories in the everyday sense of just an untested idea c. they include the Atomic Theory or Matter d. they include the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection e. they include the Cellular Theory

b. they're theories in the everyday sense of just an untested idea

Which of the following does the Cellular Theory not explain? a. how large organisms are organized b. where the first cells came from c. where all the cells after the first cells came from d. the Cellular Theory explain all of the above e. the Cellular Theory explains non of the above

b. where the first cells came from

Chemical bonds are the result of which of the fundamental forces? a. gravity b. weak nuclear forces c. electromagnetism d. strong nuclear force e. entropy

c. electromagnetism

Which of the following do the pictured organisms have in common? a. Both move by way of pseudopodia b. Both have cell walls made of chitin c. Both are eukaryotic d. Both contain chlorophyll a e. Both are autotrophic

c. Both are eukaryotic

Which of the following differentiate between the pictured organisms? a. One has cell walls made of chitin and the other has a cell wall made of cellulose b. One moves by way of cilia and the other moves by way of flagella c. One is prokaryotic and the other is eukaryotic d. One contains a kinetoplast and the other contains alveoli

c. One is prokaryotic and the other is eukaryotic

How are prokaryotes different than eukaryotes? a. Prokaryotes include all fungi; eukaryotes are only plants and animals b. All prokaryotes have a cell wall; no eukaryote has a cell wall c. Prokaryotes lack a nuclear membrane; eukaryotes have a nuclear membrane d. Prokaryotes have a nuclear membrane; eukaryotes lack a nuclear membrane e. All prokaryotes are spherically shaped; all eukaryotes are spiral-shaped

c. Prokaryotes lack a nuclear membrane; eukaryotes have a nuclear membrane

Which of the following is true about bases? a. They decrease the pH of solutions b. They increase the H+ ion concentration when dissolved in water c. They combine with H+ ions when dissolved in water d. A and B e. A and C

c. They combine with H+ ions when dissolved in water

Avogadro's Number a. equals the number of protons in 2 grams b. is approximately equal to 1 x 10^20 c. is a conversion factor between atomic mass units (AMU or Daltons) and the gram mass unit d. equals the number of molecules of water (molecular mass 18) in a kilogram of water e. none of the above

c. is a conversion factor between atomic mass units (AMU or Daltons) and the gram mass unit

Which of the following statements is true concerning the Nikon compound microscope used in lab? a. The coarse focus knob moves the stage left and right to permit focusing b. The fine focus knob changes the contrast of the specimen in small steps c. When the 4X objective is in place, the image is magnified 40 times d. None of the above is true concerning the Nikon used in lab e. Both A and C are true

c. when the 4x objective is in place, the image is magnified 40 times

Note the stage micrometer and microscope eyepiece pointer illustrated below. Recall that the stage micrometer is a ruler with a total length of 1 mm; therefore, only the left end of the ruler is represented below. The 10X objective is in place. Using the micrometer as a guide, what is the best estimate of the width of the pointers base? a. 0.1 mm b. 0.25 mm c. 0.15 mm d. 0.05 mm e. 0.2 mm

d. 0.05 mm

Radioactive isotopes a. Have nuclei that spontaneously decay b. Release energy when they decay c. Have a different number of protons than nonradioactive isotopes of the same element d. A and B e. B and C

d. A and B Have nuclei that spontaneously decay; Release energy when they decay

Scientific hypotheses a. Are developed by a combination of creative, inductive, and deductive reasoning b. Have to be capable of being proven false in order for them to have any meaning c. Can generally be proven true d. A and B e. A and C

d. A and B are developed by a combination of creative, inductive, and deductive reasoning; have to be capable of being proven false in order for them to have any meaning

Neutrons and protons a. have a much larger mass than electrons b. are both hadrons c. are both leptons d. A and B e. A and C

d. A and B have a much larger mass than electrons; are both hadrons

The Cellular Theory a. States that all living things are made of cells b. States that cells arise from other cells c. Is consistent with spontaneous generation (formation of life from nonliving matter) d. A and B e. B and C

d. A and B states that all living things are made of cells; states that all cells arise from other cells

The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection a. states that organisms have evolved over time b. states that natural selection by differential survival and reproduction is the mechanism of evolution c. states that all characteristics that help organisms survive will become more common in future generations d. A and B e. A and C

d. A and B states that organisms have evolved over time; states that natural selection by differential survival and reproduction is the mechanism of evolution

The evidence for evolution by natural selection that was available to Darwin and was a part of his thinking in developing his theory includes: a. The differences he observed in related organisms, such as the finches on the Galapagos Islands b. The production of a wide variety of pigeons and dogs by artificial selection c. The idea from Thomas Malthus that growth of food supply will always exceed growth in population (hint, read carefully) d. A and B e. A, B, and C

d. A and B the differences he observed in related organisms, such as the finches on the Galapagos Islands; the production of a wide variety of pigeons and dogs by artificial selection

The value of scientific hypotheses arises from a. Their ability to be proven false b. The strong motivation of scientists to prove important hypotheses false c. Their perfection in capturing the complete truth d. A and B e. A and C

d. A and B their ability to be proven false; the strong motivation of scientists to prove important hypotheses false

A system of atoms, particles, or molecules a. will undergo energetically favorable reactions that release energy to the environment b. will rarely undergo unfavorable reactions that gain energy from the environment c. always tends to the highest energy state (it is always gaining energy) d. A and B e. A, B, and C

d. A and B will undergo energetically favorable reactions that release energy to the environment; will rarely undergo unfavorable reactions that gain energy from the environment

A light bulb powered by electrical energy from a coal-burning power plant a. Loses (a tiny amount of) mass from the light energy it gives off b. Gains (a tiny amount of) mass from the energy that has come to it via the electric plug (and that used the coal) c. Has a mass that is completely unaffected by the energy flowing into or out of it d. A and B e. B and C

d. A and B Loses (a tiny amount of) mass from the light energy it gives off; Gains (a tiny amount of) mass from the energy that has come to it via the electric plug (and that used the coal)

Which of the following is true about acids? a. They decrease the pH of solutions b. They increase the H+ ion concentration when dissolved in water c. They combine with H+ ions d. A and B e. B and C

d. A and B They decrease the pH of solutions; They increase the H+ ion concentration when dissolved in water

The molecular evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection a. Can be seen in the accumulation of genetic changes in DNA b. Usually contradicts the evidence from the fossil record c. Can be seen as an evolutionary history represented by a phylogenetic tree d. A and C e. B and C

d. A and C can be seen in the accumulation of genetic changes in DNA; can be seen as an evolutionary history represented by a phylogenetic tree

The diversity of life a. Includes 3 domains (bacteria, archaea, and eucaryota) b. Is dominated by the familiar plants and animals c. Can be formed into a tree with LUCA located right before the first branch at the bottom d. A and C e. B and C

d. A and C Includes 3 domains (bacteria, archaea, and eucaryota); Can be formed into a tree with LUCA located right before the first branch at the bottom

Which of the following factors affect the membrane permeability of solutes? a. The size if the solute b. The net charge of the solute c. The lipid solubility of the solute d. All of the above affect the membrane permeability of solutes e. Only A and B affect the membrane permeability of solutes

d. All of the above affect the membrane permeability of solutes

Which of the following is true of fungi? a. Fungi are heterotrophic b. Fungi have chitin cell walls c. Fungi are important in cheese making, baking and the manufacture of alcohol d. All of the above are true concerning fungi e. Only A and B are true concerning fungi

d. All of the above are true concerning fungi

The similarities between all living organisms a. Are insignificant b. Developed by chance c. Evolved by Natural Selection because the same characteristics promote survival and reproduction for all organisms d. Are inherited from the characteristics found in the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) e. None of the above

d. Are inherited from the characteristics found in the last universal common ancestor (LUCA)

The fundamental forces a. determine the interactions between all matter and energy b. are a source of energy c. are a way of storing energy as potential energy d. all of the above e. none of the above

d. all of the above

The evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection has gotten stronger since Darwin's death. All the following are now evidence for Evolution by Natural Selection except: a. A much more extensive record of fossils b. A mechanism for heredity c. A great age for the earth (4.5 billion years) d. The finding of many analogous structures, such as the wings of birds and those of butterflies e. The finding of many homologous structures, such as the arm of a man and the wing of a bat

d. the finding of many analogous structures, such as the wings of birds and those of butterflies

Which of the following is not true in a hierarchy of living and nonliving things a. atoms are made of interacting subatomic particles b. organisms are made of interacting cells c. the higher the level interactions (cells, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems) are the result of evolution d. the lower level interactions (subatomic particles, atoms, molecules) are the result of evolution e. the higher level interactions show special complexity, often called "emergent properties"

d. the lower level interactions (subatomic particles, atoms, molecules) are the result of evolution

The complete diversity of life a. Extends to an estimated 8 million living species, most of them unknown b. Includes only the 1.9 million species that are currently known c. Includes an estimated 1 million species of mites alone d. A and B e. A and C

e. A and C Extends to an estimated 8 million living species, most of them unknown; Includes an estimated 1 million species of mites alone

Which of the following were brought together by Newton's theory of universal gravity? a. the attraction of apples for the earth (the fact that objects fall) b. the production of energy by the sun c. the attraction of the moon to the earth d. A and B e. A and C

e. A and C the attraction of apples for the earth (the fact that objects fall); the attraction of the moon to the earth

The Theory of Special Relativity a. Is based on a simple idea with surprising consequences b. States that the laws of physics (including the speed of light) have to be the same for all observers (technically all observe relative velocity) c. States that measurements of length, mass, and time are relative to the observer d. Specifies a universal connection between mass and energy e. All of the above

e. All of the above

The electrons in the outermost energy level: a. Are called the valence electrons b. Are the basis of the element's chemical properties c. Increase in number when going across the 2nd row of the periodic table d. Fill the energy level when they equal eight e. All of the above

e. All of the above

The Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection a. Is just a hypothesis b. Has been thoroughly tested c. Is very important for understanding biology d. A and B e. B and C

e. B and C Has been thoroughly tested; Is very important for understanding biology

The strong nuclear force a. Is responsible for chemical bonds b. Holds quarks together to make protons and neutrons c. Holds protons and neutrons together inside nuclei d. A and B e. B and C

e. B and C Holds quarks together to make protons and neutrons; Holds protons and neutrons together inside nuclei

There are three natural isotopes of the element carbon. The carbon isotope of mass 14 (^14C) is rare, unstable and radioactive, while the carbon isotope of mass 12 (^12C) is common and stable. Which of the following statements describe ^14C and ^12C? Hint, read carefully. a. ^14C has two more protons than ^12C b. ^14C and ^12C will have similar chemical reactivities c. ^14C releases energy when it decays, which is easy to detect d. A and B e. B and C

e. B and C ^14C and ^12C will have similar chemical reactivities; ^14C releases energy when it decays, which is easy to detect

The underlying unity (similarities) among all living things (especially in their biochemistry and genetics) is the result of the fact(s) that: a. All life came from another planet b. All organisms alive today descended from a simple cellular organism living about 3.5 billion years ago c. All life evolved from the same origin event d. A and C e. B and C

e. B and C all organisms alive today descended from a simple cellular organism living about 3.5 billion years old; all life evolved from the same origin event

The diversity of life a. can be organized into 4 domains b. includes an estimated 8 million currently living species c. includes 1.9 million known species d. A and B e. B and C

e. B and C includes an estimated 8 million currently living species; includes 1.9 million known species

The scientific method a. Is monolithic, just one method b. Is a set of related methods (such as discovery and hypothesis-driven science) for generating reliable, publicly accessible knowledge from individual thinking c. Was developed with contributions from multiple scientists in the 1500's and 1600's d. A and B e. B and C

e. B and C is a set of related methods (such as discovery and hypothesis-driven science) for generating reliable, publicly accessible knowledge from individual thinking; was developed with contributions from multiple scientists in the 1500's and 1600's

Science a. is good at answering the "why" questions b. is good at answering the "how" questions c. is a mechanism for converting individual thinking into reliable public knowledge d. A and C e. B and C

e. B and C is good at answering the "how" questions; is a mechanism for converting individual thinking into reliable public knowledge

Scientific hypotheses a. must be capable of being proven true b. must be capable of being proven false c. are tested by observation and experiment d. A and C e. B and C

e. B and C must be capable of being proven false; are tested by observation and experiment

The polarity of water a. Is small b. Is large c. Results from a small electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen d. Results from a large electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen e. B and D

e. B and D Is large; Results from a large electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen

Atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons a. Are called anions b. Are called cations c. Are called isotopes d. Can have different potential for radioactive decay e. C and D

e. C and D Are called isotopes; Can have different potential for radioactive decay

Nonpolar molecules a. Interact favourable with water b. Form hydrogen bonds with water c. Are hydrophobic d. Aggregate in water by hydrophobic exclusion e. C and D

e. C and D Are hydrophobic; Aggregate in water by hydrophobic exclusion

Among protists, which of the following are structures that permit movement? a. Cilia b. Flagella c. Kinetoplast d. All of the structures listed above permit movement e. Only A and B are structures that permit movement

e. Only A and B are structures that permit movement

Which of the following is/are true of photosynthetic autotrophs? a. They acquire carbon from organic compounds that are made by other organisms b. They acquire carbon from carbon dioxide c. They acquire energy from light d. All of the above are true of photosynthetic autotrophs e. Only B and C are true of chemosynthetic autotrophs

e. Only B and C are true of chemosynthetic autotrophs

From the list below, the lowest (smallest) unit in the hierarchy of interacting living and non-living things is a. Ecosystems b. Communities c. Biospheres d. Populations e. Organisms

e. Organisms

The existence of atoms with different numbers of protons a. creates different elements with different properties b. creates different elements with different atomic numbers c. explains how all protons (and other subatomic particles) are alike, but the world is made of many different things d. leads to electrically neutral atoms with different numbers of electrons e. all of the above

e. all of the above