BIO 1133 Chapter 6 Mastering

Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in _____.

chloroplasts

Which of the following organelles produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted?

Golgi apparatus

Which structure below is independent of the endomembrane system?

chloroplast

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?

chloroplast

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

mitochondrion

Which domains of life are classified as prokaryotes?

Bacteria and Archaea

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?

central vacuole

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not.

A mutation that disrupts the ability of an animal cell to add polysaccharide modifications to proteins would most likely cause defects in which of the following organelles or structures?

Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true?

Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other.

A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that an inexpensive toy microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the more costly microscope available in your college lab. What is the primary reason for the price difference?

The toy microscope magnifies a good deal, but has low resolution and therefore poor quality images.

In a liver cell detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons, the enzymes of the peroxisome remove hydrogen from these molecules and ________.

combine the hydrogen with oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved ________.

endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria

Amoebae move by crawling over a surface (cell crawling), which involves ________.

growth of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane

Where are proteins produced other than on ribosomes free in the cytosol or ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum?

in mitochondria

Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the bound cyanide is likely to be localized within the ________.

mitochondria

Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely malfunctioning in this disease?

mitochondria

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells?

mitochondrion

Suppose a cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from ________.

nearly any eukaryotic organism

Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?

phagocytic white blood cell

A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely ________.

producing large quantities of proteins for secretion

Examination of a cell by transmission electron microscopy reveals a high density of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This observation suggests that this cell is actively producing large amounts of which of the following molecules?

proteins

Which of the following frequently imposes a limit on cell size?

ratios of surface area to volume

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

ribosome

Which of the following are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells?

ribosomes

Which of the following is the most common pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and, therefore, abundant in liver cells?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A cell with a predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is likely specialized to ________.

synthesize large quantities of lipids

Tay-Sachs disease is a human genetic abnormality that results in cells accumulating and becoming clogged with very large, complex, undigested lipids. Which cellular organelle is most likely defective in this condition?

the lysosome

In bacteria, DNA will be found in ________.

the nucleoid

What is a primary function of integrins?

transmitting signals from the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton