BIO 114 Circulatory System 1
How many heart chambers do turtles, snakes, and lizards have?
3
How many heart chambers does the amphibian have ?
3
__________carry blood away from the heart and branch into ___________ that feed into capillary beds.
ARTERY, ARTERIOLE
What is the order of blood vessels?
Arteries ---> arterioles --> capillaries --> venues ---> veins
How does blood flow in the lungfish?
Blood flowing through vessels around the lung can pick up O2 from air gulped into the lung.
In the fish heart, what is the conus arterioles?
Elastic chamber through which blood leaves the heart
In the fish heart, what is the atrium?
Muscular contractions
Who has closed circulatory system?
Some molluscs and all higher invertebrates and vertebrates
In the fish heart, what is the ventricle?
Stronger muscular contractions
What are some advantages of a fully separated pulmonary and systemic circuit?
Systemic circuit always receives blood with higher O2 content, gas exchange is maximized
________ drain the capillary beds and form ______, which deliver blood back to the heart.
VENULES, VEINS
In the fish heart, what is the sinus venous?
Where blood returning from tissues collects
What moves fluid called hemolymph through vessels to the tissues of the body in an arthropod?
a simple pump (muscle tissue on either side of the dorsal vessel in the arthropod)
Do some aquatic multicellular organisms have a circulatory system?
all cells are close to the environment to allow exchange
What is the most simple, not energetic example of a closed circulatory system?
an annelid
What kind of animals cannot simply exchange materials with the environment?
animals with multiple layers of skin especially land animals
What are open circulatory systems found in?
arthropods (exoskeleton, segmented body, jointed appendages) mollusks (mantle, visceral mass, foot)
In a closed circulatory system, where does transport happen?
at the capillaries exchange happens
Where is the pulmonary valve?
between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
Where is the mitral/ bicuspid valve?
between the left atrium and left ventricle
Where is the aortic valve?
between the left ventricle and the aorta
Where is the tricuspid valve?
between the right atrium and right ventricle
What does the inferior vena cava receive?
blood from the lower body
What is the superior vena cava receive?
blood from the upper body
What do some aquatic organisms have that bring the external environment inside the animal?
branched gastrovascular systems that bring the external environment inside the animal
What are tiny, thin-walled vessels; site of exchange between blood and tissue fluid?
capillaries
Where does the pulmonary artery carry blood to?
carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs
Where does the inferior vena cava carry blood
carries deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body to the right atrium
Where does the superior vena cava take blood?
carries deoxygenated blood from upper body to right atrium
Where does the aortic arch carry blood to?
carries oxygenated blood out of the left ventricle
Where does the descending aorta carry blood to?
carries oxygenated blood to lower half of body
Where do arteries carry blood to?
carry blood away from the heart
Where do the jugular veins carry blood?
carry deoxygenated blood from head and neck to the right atrium
Where do the pulmonary veins carry blood?
carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
How does blood circulate in the closed circulatory system?
circulates unidirectionally from the heart , to the tissues, and back to the heart
What carries O2 to and CO2 from tissues?
circulatory system
What provides animals with a steady supply of O2 and nutrients and removes wastes?
circulatory system
What are the two systems of fluids in vertebrates?
circulatory system (blood) and lymphatic system (lymph)
What characterizes the vertebrate circulatory system?
closed circulatory system, heart with two or more chambers(heart contracts, one way valves prevent back flow)
What characterizes closed circulatory systems?
completely contain the fluid (blood) in a continuous system of vessels
In a human, what does the right atria receive?
deoxygenated blood from the body through two large veins
In a human, what does the right ventricle pump?
deoxygenated blood to lungs
What is an example of an annelid?
earthworm
What do you think are the advantages of a closed circulatory system?
faster transport through vessels, blood can be directed to specific tissues through vasoconstriction and vasodilation, specialized transport molecules can travel w/ hormones and nutrients to specific sites
What characterizes the circuits of birds and mammals?
fully separated pulmonary and systemic circuits
What moves hemolymph/ extracellular fluid through vessels?
heart
How do fish pump blood to their gas exchange organs and the body/ heart?
heart pumps blood to the gills and then the rest of the body in a single circuit
In an open circulatory system, what makes direct contact with tissues?
hemolymph
What carries out the functions of both the circulatory and lymphatic systems of vertebrates in invertebrates?
hemolymph
What filters through tissues before returning to heart in an open circulatory system?
hemolymph
What does the left aorta and left side of the ventricle do in the reptilian heart?
left aorta receives oxygenated blood from the left side of the ventricle and delivers it to the body
What animal shows the transition from breathing water to breathing air?
lungfish which has gills and a "lung"
What takes fluid from tissues back into circulatory system, produces the white blood cells of the immune system, and absorbs fats and fat-soluble vitamins from the digestive system?
lymphatic system
Do fish have separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?
no
Do fish need separation of blood or a more forceful pump?
no it just needs a simple pump to get blood all the way and gas exchange happens at gills
Do single celled organisms have a circulatory system?
no they exchange materials directly with the environment
What do the two atriums receive in the amphibian heart?
one atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, a second atrium receives blood from the body
What characterizes the closed circulatory system of an annelid?
one large ventral vessel, small vessels branch off into tissues, pumps are dorsal vessel and five connecting vessels
How are the three chambers of a reptiles heart divided?
one partially divided ventricle and two aortas
What are the simplest circulatory systems?
open circulatory systems
What are ostia?
openings with one way valves through which fluid returns to the heart
In a human, what does the left atria receive?
oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins
What characterizes the amphibian circulator system?
partial separation of systemic and pulmonary circulation
What do the four valves of the human heart prevent?
prevents the back flow of blood
In birds and mammals, how are the gas exchange organs, body, and the heart
pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit
What does the cardiovascular system consist of?
pump (heart), fluid (blood), series of conduits (blood vessels)
In a human, what does the left ventricle pump?
pumps blood oxygenated blood to tissues aka systemic circuit
What is an adaptation of the reptilian circulatory system for when the animal is inactive?
reptilian blood can bypass the lungs
What does the right aorta receive in the reptilian heart?
right aorta can receive blood from either side of the ventricle
What do large animals without a circulatory system tend to be ?
sessile or relatively inactive
What are the four chambers of the fish heart?
sinus venous, atrium, ventricle, bulbus/ conus arteriosus
Where do the carotid arteries carry blood to?
supply oxygenated blood to head and neck
Why can't land animals exchange materials with the environment?
their cells are too far from the external environment for simple osmosis and diffusion to carry out gas and nutrient exchange
How have circulatory systems evolved with relation to the blood that flows to gas exchange organs?
this blood has become increasingly separated from blood that flows to the heart
In a human, where do veins carry blood?
towards the heart
How many chambers does the human heart have?
two atria and two ventricles
In the human heart, what are flaps of tissue called leaflets or cusps?
valves
In the amphibian heart, what directs blood flow to either the system or pulmonary circuit?
ventricle
In the amphibian heart, what pumps blood to the lungs and body?
ventricle
In the fish heart, the blood flows to the gills first, so what does this do to the pressure once it reaches the tissues?
very low pressure
How does hemolymph come out and make contact with tissues?
vessels are open so hemolymph comes out
