Bio 122 Quiz #1
*A person with normal vision is driving down the road, looking far ahead. If they glance down to read the speedometer, the lens of the eye will:* a) become flattened b) become more rounded c) accommodate A and C B and C
B and C
A person with normal vision is driving down the road, looking far ahead. If they glance down to read the speedometer, the lens of the eye will: a) become flattened b) become more rounded c) accommodate A and C B and C
B and C
*For olfaction, which of the following is FALSE?* Olfaction only occurs in the presence of scent-producing glands. Smell can influence taste and evoke emotional responses. Olfactory receptors are located in mucus membranes in the upper portion of the nasal cavity. Olfactory receptors are specialized neurons.
Olfaction only occurs in the presence of scent-producing glands.
*Accommodation in the eye involves which of the following?* a) curvature of the lens b) ciliary muscles c) length of the eyeball d) all of the above a and b only
a and b only
*Color blindness is believed to be due to:* a deficiency of bipolar neurons a deficiency of rhodopsin an overabundance of saccades a deficiency of photoreceptors
a deficiency of photoreceptors
*Color blindness is believed to be due to:* a deficiency of rhodopsin a deficiency of bipolar neurons a deficiency of photoreceptors an overabundance of saccades
a deficiency of photoreceptors
*Daytime vision:* a) involves mostly cones, rather than rods b) is possible due an excitatory impulse generated when light contacts the photosensitive chemical rhodopsin c) involves mostly rod cells d) A and B only
a) involves mostly cones, rather than rods
*When you spin quickly, you may feel dizzy. Which component of the inner ear generates the sensations that can lead to this feeling?* a) semicircular canal b) utricle c) saccule d) organ of Corti
a) semicircular canal
*Olfactory (smell) receptors:* are specialized endings of afferent neurons lie in a small patch of mucus membrane in the upper part of the nasal cavity possess fine cilia extending into the olfactory mucus all of the above
all of the above
*The response of receptors to different sound frequencies:* takes place in the cochlea depends upon response of certain portions of the basilar membrane to different frequencies takes place as certain hair cells are affected by particular frequencies all of the above
all of the above
*The auditory (Eustachian) tube:* contains fluid that vibrates to convert sound waves to auditory nerve impulses responds to changes in acceleration conducts sound from the middle ear to the cochlea allows equalization of air pressure between the middle ear and the outside atmosphere.
allows equalization of air pressure between the middle ear and the outside atmosphere.
*Sensory receptors of the semicircular canals are located within the:* utricles. cochlea. saccules. ampullae.
ampullae.
*Color blindness is a visual defect resulting from:* damage to rod cells a lack of rhodopsin damage to the pigment layer of the iris an absence of one of the type of cones
an absence of one of the type of cones
*Color blindness is a visual defect resulting from:* damage to the pigment layer of the iris damage to rod cells a lack of rhodopsin an absence of one of the type of cones
an absence of one of the type of cones
*Vibrations of the tympanic membrane are transferred to the oval window by the:* cochlea. tensor tympani. auditory ossicles. stapedius muscle. oval window.
auditory ossicles.
*What structure equalizes the pressure between the middle ear and outer atmosphere?* tympanic membrane cochlear duct scala vestibuli auditory tube (Eustachian tube)
auditory tube (Eustachian tube)
*The ________ is a region of dense bone that surrounds and protects the membranous labyrinth.* a) bony callus b) bony labyrinth c) membranous callus d) vestibule e) auditory ossicle
b) bony labyrinth
*Sound travels directly to the eardrum through the* a) pinna. b) external auditory canal. c) cochlea. d) vestibule. e) ear ossicles.
b) external auditory canal.
*That structure involved in sensing changes in angular acceleration (turning) of the head is the:* a) saccule b) semicircular canal c) utricle d) a and c only
b) semicircular canal
*Before an odorant can be detected, it must:* bind to receptors in olfactory dendrites. apply pressure to the olfactory epithelium. contact a supporting cell. be transported to the olfactory bulbs.
bind to receptors in olfactory dendrites.
*The ________ fills the membranous labyrinth.* a) Interstitial fluid b) Perilymph c) Endolymph d) CSF e) Plasma
c) Endolymph
*The elevated ridges within the ampullae of the semicircular canals that support the hair cells are known as a* a) concha. b) cupula. c) crista ampullaris. d) macula. e) papilla.
c) crista ampullaris.
*The process by which changes in the curvature of the lens adjusts the focusing of an image on the retina is:* a corrective device for hyperopia called accommodation called astigmatism a visual defect resulting from distance distortion
called accommodation
*The individual receptors for the sense of taste:* can respond to a variety of chemicals are of three different types, each of which is evenly distributed on the surface of the tongue are restricted to the tongue are actually only located in the nasal passages
can respond to a variety of chemicals
*Vision impairment due to an opaque lens is known as:* cataracts presbyopia astigmatism glaucoma
cataracts
*Vision impairment due to an opaque lens is known as:* glaucoma astigmatism cataracts presbyopia
cataracts
*The ________ glands produce a secretion commonly called earwax.* ceruminous sweat sudoriferous apocrine sweat mammary
ceruminous
*The sensory neurons within the olfactory organ are stimulated by ________ in the air.* proteins chemicals dust pressure water
chemicals
*Olfactory glands* group as olfactory bulbs. support the olfactory epithelium. react to aromatic molecules. coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus. house the sense of smell.
coat the olfactory epithelium with a pigmented mucus.
*When auditory receptors are stimulated, the resulting action potential is transmitted through the:* cranial nerve II vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve cochlear portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve tympanic nerve
cochlear portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve
*When auditory receptors are stimulated, the resulting action potential is transmitted through the:* cranial nerve II tympanic nerve vestibular portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve cochlear portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve
cochlear portion of the vestibulocochlear nerve
*The rod-shaped receptor cells of the eye:* indicate color are responsible for acuity (sharpness) of vision contain rhodopsin are found mainly in the central portion of the retina
contain rhodopsin
*The rod-shaped receptor cells of the eye:* indicate color are responsible for acuity (sharpness) of vision contain rhodopsin are found mainly in the central portion of the retina
contain rhodopsin
*Most light refraction is accomplished by the:* pupil lens retina cornea
cornea
*Taste receptors are distributed in which of the following places?* a) surface of the epiglottis b) surface of the tongue c) portions of the pharynx d) All of the answers are correct. e) None of the answers is correct.
d) All of the answers are correct.
The hair cells of the utricle and saccule are clustered in a) ampullae. b) cristae. c) cupulae. d) maculae.
d) maculae.
*The external ear ends at the* a) vestibule. b) cochlea. c) ossicles. d) tympanic membrane. e) pinna.
d) tympanic membrane.
*Discrimination of specific tastes and odors is believed to be due, at least in part, to:* differences in the neurotransmitters released from the receptor cells the suppression of specific receptors from firing different firing patterns of groups of receptor cells in response to different chemicals many receptors, each of which responds to a single chemical
different firing patterns of groups of receptor cells in response to different chemicals
*Dim light situations would result in:* increased cone sensitivity the breakdown of rhodopsin dilation of the pupil constriction of the pupil
dilation of the pupil
*Color blindness is:* caused by a malfunctioning of rods due to a lack of certain cone cells an inability to see any objects that have color an inability to focus certain light waves in front of the retina
due to a lack of certain cone cells
*Which of the following is/are true of rod cells?* a) They contain a photosensitive chemical called rhodopsin. b) They are sensitive to dim light. c) They are located mostly in the fovea. d) All of the above are true. e) A and B only
e) A and B only
*Which of the following descriptions best matches the term stapes?* a) moves up and down when the stapedius muscle contracts b) auditory ossicle attached to tympanic membrane c) bending it produces receptor potential in hair cells d) necessary for the static sense of equilibrium e) seals the oval window
e) seals the oval window
*The formal term for the sense of gravity, rotation, and linear acceleration is:* hearing. vision. equilibrium. nociception. proprioception.
equilibrium.
*Taste buds are monitored by which cranial nerves?* trigeminal (V), facial (VII), and glossopharyngeal (IX). facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X). glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), and spinal accessory (XI). facial (VII), vestibulocochlear (VIII), and glossopharyngeal (IX).
facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X).
*Gustatory receptors are clustered in taste buds in all of the following papillae except:* fungiform. vallate. foliate. filiform.
filiform.
*The sense of taste is also known as* equilibrium. proprioception. olfaction. interoreception. gustation.
gustation.
*The chemoreceptors of gustatory cells are:* gustatory (taste) hairs taste buds are most sensitive when the mouth is dry located only on the tongue
gustatory (taste) hairs
*Which of the following conditions can be corrected by a convex lens, that will shift the focal point anteriorly?* astigmatism cataract hyperopia myopia
hyperopia
*Which of the following conditions can be corrected by a convex lens, that will shift the focal point anteriorly?* astigmatism myopia hyperopia cataract
hyperopia
*Damage to the left optic nerve may result in:* impaired vision in only the right eye weakness in the extrinsic eye muscles impaired vision in both eyes impaired vision in only the left eye
impaired vision in only the left eye
*The hair cells that convert sound into nervous impulses are found:* in the organ of Corti on the malleus in the semicircular canals on the tympanic membrane
in the organ of Corti
*What structure changes the size of the opening through which light enters the eye?* pupil retina iris lens
iris
*Hyperopia:* is a condition in which the focal point is posterior to the retina is also known as nearsightedness my be the result of an elongated eyeball can be corrected by a concave lens
is a condition in which the focal point is posterior to the retina
*Rotating the eyeball directly towards the midline or away from the midline is accomplished by which muscles?* orbicularis oculi lateral and medial rectus muscles oblique muscles ciliary muscles
lateral and medial rectus muscles
*Each gustatory cell extends ________ (or taste hairs) into the surrounding fluids through a narrow taste pore.* microvilli dendrites papillae flagella
microvilli
*The condition in which the image is formed in front of the retina is called:* astigmatism myopia cataract hyperopia
myopia
*Some neural tissues retain stem cells and, thus, the capacity to divide and replace lost neurons. Which of these special senses can replace its damaged neural receptors?* olfaction b) hearing c) equilibrium d) All of the answers are correct. e) None of the answers is correct.
olfaction
*Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate. They synapse on neurons in the:* medial geniculate. cerebral cortex. olfactory tract. medulla oblongata. olfactory bulb.
olfactory bulb.
*The olfactory organ consists of the ________ and the lamina propria.* olfactory bulb olfactory epithelium cribriform plate olfactory nerve olfactory tract
olfactory epithelium
*Which of the following is not one of the six primary taste sensations?* sour peppery umami sweet salty
peppery
*Which of the following is directly responsible for converting sound (mechanical energy) into nerve impulses?* receptor cells in the organ of Corti cochlear fluid tympanic membrane tectorial membrane
receptor cells in the organ of Corti
*Which of the following is directly responsible for converting sound (mechanical energy) into nerve impulses?* cochlear fluid tectorial membrane receptor cells in the organ of Corti tympanic membrane
receptor cells in the organ of Corti
*Special cells or nerve endings which convert various forms of energy from the environment into action potentials are:* receptors glial cells interneurons efferent neurons
receptors
*Light waves are converted into nerve impulses in the:* pupil lens ciliary body retina
retina
*Identify the correct order of structures involved in sensing light and transmitting the information to the brain:* optic chiasma --> retina --> thalamus --> visual cortex choroid --> retina --> optic nerve --> visual cortex retina --> optic nerve --> thalamus --> visual cortex sclera --> optic nerve --> optic chiasma --> thalamus
retina --> optic nerve --> thalamus --> visual cortex
*When you spin around several times with your eyes closed, which of the following will detect the motion?* cochlea utricles otoliths semicircular canals
semicircular canals
*Movement of the endolymph within the semicircular canals:* allows us to hear low tones. signals rotational movements. produces a rushing sound. signals linear acceleration. signals body position with respect to gravity.
signals rotational movements.
*Which eye muscle moves the eyeball down and laterally?* medial rectus none of the above superior rectus superior oblique
superior oblique
*Which structure overlies the spiral organ (organ of Corti)?* tectorial membrane. perilymph. endolymph. basilar membrane. stapedius.
tectorial membrane.
*Rotational or angular acceleration causes:* action potentials which travel through the cochlear portion of cranial nerve VIII the flow of endolymph which stimulates receptor cilia in the semicircular canals the flow of perilymph which causes the movement of otoliths to stimulates receptor cilia action potentials to be generated on the basilar membrane
the flow of endolymph which stimulates receptor cilia in the semicircular canals
*Which of the following is true of photoreceptors?* cones are not color sensitive there are 3 types of color sensitive receptors - red, green, and blue there are 3 types of color sensitive receptors - red, green, and yellow rods contain 3 types of color sensitive receptors
there are 3 types of color sensitive receptors - red, green, and blue
*Astigmatism is a condition in which:* there is unequal curvature of the vitreous humor the lens weakens and can no longer effectively accommodate there is unequal curvature of the cornea or lens vision is impaired due to clouding of the lens
there is unequal curvature of the cornea or lens
*The ossicles (bones) in the ear function to:* transfer sound waves from the outer ear to the inner ear stimulate the tympanic membrane equalize pressure in the inner ear initiate action potentials in response to sound waves
transfer sound waves from the outer ear to the inner ear
*The ossicles (bones) in the ear function to:* stimulate the tympanic membrane initiate action potentials in response to sound waves equalize pressure in the inner ear transfer sound waves from the outer ear to the inner ear
transfer sound waves from the outer ear to the inner ear
*It is possible to be "deaf" for only certain frequencies.* true false
true
*Which of the following anatomical sequences is correct?* tympanic membrane - incus - malleus - stapes - round window - oval window tympanic membrane - malleus - incus - stapes - oval window - round window tympanic membrane - incus - malleus - stapes - oval window - round window tympanic membrane - malleus - incus - stapes - round window - oval window tympanic membrane - incus - stapes - malleus - oval window - round window
tympanic membrane - malleus - incus - stapes - oval window - round window
*The auditory ossicles connect the* tympanic membrane to the round window. stapedius to the tympanic membrane. oval window to the round window. tympanic membrane to the oval window.
tympanic membrane to the oval window.
*Which taste sensation is triggered by amino acids and small peptides?* umami. salty. sour. sweet. peppery.
umami.
*The sensory receptors that contain otoliths, and that are primarily concerned with recognition of head position relative to gravity are located in the:* semicircular canals organ of Corti sensory cortex utricle and saccule
utricle and saccule
*Perception of the frequency of a sound depends on:* the number of hair cells that are stimulated. which part of the cochlear duct is stimulated. the frequency of vibration of the tectorial membrane. the frequency of stereocilia vibration. the movement of perilymph in the cochlear duct.
which part of the cochlear duct is stimulated.
