BIO 150 Chapter 4

Choose the true statement about cilia and flagella.

- Cilia and flagella are surrounded by a membrane and sprout from centrioles.

Choose the true statement(s) concerning the eukaryotic glycocalyx. To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.

- It promotes or prevents cell adhesion where appropriate. - It plays a role in cell communications. ex. The basic role of the eukaryotic glycocalyx includes promotion or prevention of cell adhesion, protection from a variety of stresses, and assistance with cellular communication, and it is central to tissue development in multicellular organisms. Although it can contain proteins and lipids, the term glyco- reflects that it is mainly made up of sugars (carbohydrates). Cells can have a glycocalyx regardless of whether they have a cell wall.

Choose the true statement(s) about mitochondria. To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer

- Mitochondria make most of a cell's ATP. - Mitochondria have 70S ribosomes. ex. Mitochondria are similar to prokaryotic cells due to their 70S ribosome and circular chromosome. Mitochondria make most of a cell's ATP. Photosynthetic cells have mitochondria and chloroplasts.

Select the false statement about the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

- Prokaryotic cells can exhibit both asexual and sexual reproduction, whereas eukaryotes only carry out asexual reproduction.

Choose the true statement(s). To be marked correct, you'll need to select all true statements, as there may be more than one correct answer.

- The four kingdoms of eukaryotes include Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista. - The four kingdoms of eukaryotes each include members that may conduct sexual and/or asexual reproduction. - Kingdom Fungi includes unicellular and multicellular organisms. ex. Eukaryotes include the multicellular Kingdoms Animalia and Plantae, as well as Kingdoms Fungi and Protista, which include both multicellular and unicellular organisms. Algae and slime molds are examples of multicellular protists. All four kingdoms of eukaryotes can reproduce by both asexual and sexual means. See Table 4.2 for a summary of eukaryotes.

Which of the following statements describes eukaryotic cells?

- They contain membrane-bound organelles such as a nucleus.

You have isolated a new eukaryotic organism which is unicellular and performs photosynthesis. The organism is most likely classified as a(n)

- plant-like protista. - animal. F- fungus. - bacterium. F- fungi-like protista.

Bacterial plasma membranes differ from eukaryotic plasma membranes in that bacterial membranes always contain cholesterol while eukaryotic membranes rarely do.

False

Unlike antibiotics which target the 70S bacterial ribosomes, there are no known chemical substances which can bind to 80S eukaryotic ribosomes

False

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus ex. The endomembrane system includes the ER, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles. It manufactures, processes, and transports lipids and proteins. The Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins.

Choose the false statement about the eukaryotic cytoskeleton.

It is an extension of the glycocalyx. ex. Recall that the glycocalyx is an extracellular structure, while the cytoskeleton is an intracellular structure.

Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?

Lysosome ex. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and break down worn-out organelles.

_____________ is a type of sexual reproduction that occurs in eukaryotes and results in four genetically unique haploid daughter cells.

Meiosis

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?

Plasma membrane ex. The plasma membrane surrounds the cell and regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell.

Which of the following is mismatched?

Ribosomes: central to RNA production in a cell Ex. Ribosomes are made of RNA and protein, but they do not make RNA. Instead, they are responsible for building proteins.

Animal cells are unique among all other eukaryotic groups in that they universally lack a cell wall.

True

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes share which of the following features?

composed of a large and a small subunit and composed of protein and rRNA

The structural framework in a cell is the

cytoskeleton. ex. The cytoskeleton is the structural framework in a cell ("cyto" refers to cell and "skeleton" refers to a structural framework).

A researcher discovers a chemical compound which prevents the incorporation of ergosterol in the plasma membrane We can predict that this compound would be toxic to which kinds of organisms?

fungi

You have isolated a new organism which has eukaryotic cells, is multicellular, grows as hyphae, does not perform photosynthesis, and has a cell wall. This organism most likely belongs to which kingdom?

fungi

The primary function of the nucleus is

housing the cell's DNA.

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

mRNA ex. The "m" in mRNA stands for "messenger"; mRNA is the messenger that carries genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Where in a cell is ATP made?

mitochondria ex. ATP is made in mitochondria.

Mitochondria do not participate in which function?

motility

Fungal infections are called

mycoses

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?

nucleus ex. DNA is the genetic information of the cell, and it is stored in the nucleus. ex. The cytoskeleton is the structural framework in a cell ("cyto" refers to cell and "skeleton" refers to a structural framework).

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by

ribosomes. ex. Ribosomes dock on the rough ER, and proteins are completed inside the rough ER.

Where are lipids made in the cell?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ex. The smooth ER makes lipids.