Bio 160 Ch 5

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An increase in entropy means a _____in available energy.

Decrease

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can not be created nor ___, only change from one form to another. The total amount of energy in the universe remains _____.

Destroyed, constant

What equation correctly represents the mechanism of enzyme function?

E+S-> E-S-> E-P-> E+P

A reaction in which the product contain more energy than the reactants is called an ______ reaction.

Endergonic

Every reaction takes a certain amount of _____ to begin.

Energy

All activities of living organisms involve changes in ____ energy. Two laws of ____ govern changes of energy in the universe.

Energy, thermodynamics

What might happen if a substance that is not a substrate molecule binds to an enzymes activation site?

Enzyme activity will slow down

A reaction in which the products contain less energy than the reactants is called an _____ reaction.

Exergonic

TRUE OR FALSE: all biochemical pathways have the same number of enzymatic reactions

False

TRUE OR FALSE: an enzyme can only bind one reactant at a time

False

TRUE OR FALSE: an enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction in the cell, but can only be used once

False

TRUE OR FALSE: if the end product of a biochemical pathway becomes available in the environment, it is crucial for the cell to continue making the product.

False

Blood sugar refers to what molecule circulating in blood?

Glucose

All forms of energy can converted into ___.

Heat

This energy is lost as ____.

Heat

A change in pH can affect such things as interactions and ionization, or it can even make the enzyme

Inactive

All cells go through transformations, they ____ the total entropy of the universe.

Increase

The binding of a signal molecule called an ____ alters the shape of the active site such that it can bind to the substrate

Activator

In competitive inhibition, a signal molecule interferes with the _____site of an enzyme.

Active

Enzymes that have shapes that can be altered by the binding of signal molecules are called ____ enzymes.

Allosteric

Consider the biochemical pathway. A-E1->B-E2->C. If enzyme 2 is inactive, which of the following compounds will accumulate?

B only

What statement about biochemical pathways is true?

Biochemical pathways can can convert an initial substrate via a series of steps into an end product.

A chemical reaction is the making or breaking of chemical ____.

Bonsa

How does sucrose change the configuration of sucrase?

By binding to the active site

All chemical activities can be viewed as a series of ________ between molecule.

Chemical reactions

Through ____ reactions, the potential energy within molecules can be converted into kinetic energy that organisms can use to do work.

Chemical

Entropy is the term used to indicate the relative amount of _____.

Disorder

Protein or nucleus acid molecules that function as catalysts are called

Enzymes

How many times can a sucrase molecule be used to hydrolysis sucrose?

Many

Inactivity of an enzyme as a result of pH occurs because of changes in the enzyme shape.

Conformational

Fire wood, beans as a meal, flames of a burning fire, hiking, moving water in a stream. Which are potential or kinetic energy?

Kinetic energy: flames of a burning fire, hiking, moving water in a stream. Potential energy: fire wood, beans as a meal

Energy comes in two forms: ____ and potential energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of _____, whereas potential energy is stored energy.

Kinetic, motion

Energy transformation makes the universe ____ ordered.

Less

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by

Lowering the energy of activation required

Where is sucrose found in the human body?

On the microvilli of the small intestine

The second law of thermodynamics states that without an input of energy, energy transformations proceed from a more _____, less stable form to a more _____, stable form.

Ordered, disordered

Many enzymes working in a series of linked reactions to create an end product is a buochemical

Pathway

In chemical reactions, the ____ energy contained in chemical bonds is transferred between molecules or used to do work.

Potential

Plants, algae and some kinds of bacteria can capture this solar energy and use it to build molecules, which contain ____ energy in the bonds between atoms.

Potential

In chemical reactions, reactants are substances that participate in a reaction, while _____ are substances that form as a result of a reaction.

Products

The molecules that result after a reaction has taken place are called ______.

Products

Enzymes can be made of

Proteins

In a chemical reaction, the original molecules are called the ____, or substrates

Reactants

The binding of a signal molecule called a ____ alters the shape of the active site such that it cannot bind the substrate.

Repressor

This is referred to as the ___ law of thermodynamics.

Second

What is the ultimate source of energy in the biosphere?

Solar energy from the sun

For example, when plant cells photosynthesize, they use ______ to form carbohydrate molecules from carbon dioxide. Not all of the captured solar energy is used to make carbohydrates; some becomes _____.

Solar energy, heat

The energy of activation is best described as ____.

The energy threshold that must be reached before a reaction can proceed and products may be formed.

What is thermodynamics?

The study of energy or "heat changes"

TRUE OR FALSE: a biochemical pathway consists of a specific sequence of enzyme-catalyzed reactions

True

TRUE OR FALSE: enzymes are catalysts that sped up chemical reactions

True

TRUE OR FALSE: enzymes have no effects on the energy levels of the reactants or products of reactions, only the energy of the activation.

True

TRUE OR FALSE: in a biochemical pathway, the product of the first reaction becomes the substrate in the second reaction.

True

Energy is the ability to do____. To maintain their organization and carry out metabolism, organisms need a constant supply of ____.

Work, energy

Consider the biochemical pathway used to synthesize the amino acid proline. A large increase in the level of proline will most likely lead to

a decrease in proline production.

A substrate can bind to the _____ of an enzyme, and the subsequent reaction produces an end product.

active site

Enzymes have various factors that can affect their ____. Some of these factors include concentration, temperature, and ___.

activity, pH

What does the inhibitor bind to during feedback inhibition?

allosteric site of the enzyme being inhibited

In simple terms sucrase

breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose

Feedback inhibition occurs when a plentiful _____ binds to an enzymes active site, which prohibits substrate binding and inactivates the metabolic pathway.

end product

In most cases, the activity of an enzyme is regulated by

feedback inhibition

Consider the biochemical pathway. A-E1->B-E2->C. Enzyme 1 can utilize?

only A as substrate.

Energy flows into the biological world from the ____.

sun

In feedback inhibition, the inhibitor of the biochemical pathway is typically

the final product of the biochemical pathway.


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