Bio 2 Ex 1

If the pili were removed from bacterial cells, what process would the bacteria be unable to carry out? A)Nitrogen Fixation B) Consumption of Oil and Gas C) Binary Fission D) Cell Wall synthesis E) Conjugation

E

Match each protist with the best description. Euglenoids Diatoms Green Algae Paramecia Slime Molds Dinoflagellates Brown algae Trypanosomes Apicomplexans Radiolarians ------ >Photosynthetic protists; contain chlorophylls a and b; may be unicellular or multicellular >Heterotrophic protists with one or more flagella; cause diseases such as sleeping sickness >Can live as unicellular amoeboid cells, aggregates, or a multinucleated plasmodium >Protists with pseudopodia that use phagocytosis to engulf food; tests made of silica >Photosynthetic protists with silica cell walls >Some are photosynthetic, some eat organic matter, and some do both >Cause red tides and flashing lights in the sea >Parasitic protists with no mobility >Largest protists; contain fucoxanthin and chlorophylls a and c >Heterotrophic protists with cilia, two nuclei, and a contractile vacuole

1. Euglenoids-Some are photosynthetic, some eat organic matter, and some do both 2.Diatoms-Photosynthetic protists with silica cell walls 3.Green Algae-Photosynthetic protists; contain chlorophylls a and b; may be unicellular or multicellular 4.Paramecia-Heterotrophic protists with cilia, two nuclei, and a contractile vacuole 5.Slime Molds-Can live as unicellular amoeboid cells, aggregates, or a multinucleated plasmodium 6.Dinoflagelates-Cause red tides and flashing lights in the sea 7. Brown algae- Largest protists; contain fucoxanthin and chlorophylls a and c 8. Trypanosomes- Heterotrophic protists with one or more flagella; cause diseases such as sleeping sickness 9. Apicomplexans- Parasitic protists with no mobility 10. Radiolarians- Protists with pseudopodia that use phagocytosis to engulf food; tests made of silica

Match each group of protists with the best description. Golden Algae Diatoms Green Algae Dinoflagellates Euglenoids 'Brown Algae ----- >Major component of the oceans food web and plankton; some are bioluminecent. >Deposits of the fossilized shells of these protists are mined ad used in many products. >Usually have two flagella; can be autotrophic or heterotrophic. >Protists most like plants >Largest protists some produce algin used as a thicker emulsifier >Have an eyespot to help the cell orient towards the light.

1. Golden algae-Usually have two flagella; can be autotrophic or heterotrophic. 2. Diatoms- Deposits of the fossilized shell of these protists are mined and used in many products. 3.Green Algae-protists most like plants 4. Dinoflagellates-Major component of the oceans food web and plankton; some are biolumenescent. 5. Euglenoids-Have an eye spot to help the cell orient towards the light. 6. Brown Algae-Largest protists; some produce algin use as a thickener or emulsifier.

Place each example into the type of reproductive isolation mechanism it describes. Three answer docks will be left blank. Habitat Isolation Temporal Isolation Behavioral Isolation Genetic Isolation Hybrid inviability Hybrid Infertility ------ >Scientists mate two parrots from different populations to see if speciation has occurred. The parrots mate over and over again, but the male sperm never fertilizes the female egg. >Two lizards mate and produce a viable zygote. Individuals in the next generation are sterile. >One plant opens it flowers during the day, whereas a nearby plant only opens it flowers at night. These two types of plants usually do not cross pollinate.

1. Habitat Isolation-NA 2. Temporal Isolation-One plant opens it flowers during the day, whereas a nearby plant only opens it flowers at night. These two types of plants usually do not cross pollinate. 3. Behavioral Isolation- NA 4. Genetic Isolation-Scientists mate two parrots from different populations to see if speciation has occurred. The parrots mate over and over again, but the male sperm never fertilizes the female egg. 5. Hybrid inviability-NA 6. Hybrid Infertility-Two lizards mate and produce a viable zygote. Individuals in the next generation are sterile.

Name the corresponding terrestrial adaption for plants. Increase surface area for photosynthesis Minimize water loss from plants Nutrient and fluid transport Obtain minerals from environment Reproductive structure in angiosperms Deliver sperm cells to female flower parts ------ Vascular tissue Stomata and cuticle Vast root systems Flower Pollen Grains Broad Leaves

1. Increase surface area for photosynthesis---broad leaves 2. Minimize water loss from plants---stomata and cutitcle 3. Nutrient and fluid transport---vascular tissue 4. Obtain minerals from environment---vast root systems 5. Reproductive structure in angiosperms---flower 6. Deliver sperm cells to female flower parts----pollen grains

Match Each of the following descriptions with the appropriate type of plant. True Moss True Fern Conifer Eudicot ----- >These nonvascular plants can often survive on bare rock. >This vascular plant produces swimming sperm. >This vascular plant might rely on animals to disperse its seeds. >This vascular plant produces seeds but lacks flowers and fruits

1. True Moss---These nonvascular plants can often survive on bare rock. 2. True Fern---This vascular plant produces swimming sperm. 3. Eudicot---his vascular plant might rely on animals to disperse its seeds. 4. Conifer- This vascular plant produces seeds but lacks flowers and fruits

How do reproductive barriers relate to the biological species concept? A) Reproduction barriers produce unique species by preventing two populations from interbreeding. B) Geographic barriers always seperate two biological species. C) Prezygotic barriers produce a new population of the same species, whereas postzygotic barriers produce new species. D) Reproductive Barriers lead to the extinction of one species, opening a habitat for a new species to occupy.

A

In prokaryotes, binary fission is a mechanism of? A) Vertical gene Transfer B) Conjugation C) transformation D) Crossing Over

A

Traditionally, protists have been classified by their source of energy and nutrients, whereas newer classification schemes use mode of locomotion. How is an amoeboid classified using both of these schemes? A) Heterotrophic by internal digestion, psudeopods. B) Photosynthetic, cilia C) Heterotrophic by external digestion, non motile. D) Heterotrophic by internal digestion, non motile.

A

What population is most likely to become extinct when faced with a changing environment? A) a small population with long reproductive time and low genetic diversity B) a large population with long reproductive time and high genetic diversity C) a large population with short reproductive time and low genetic diversity D) a small population with long reproductive time and high genetic diversity E) a small population with short reproductive time and high genetic diversity

A

Click on each answer choice that is scientifically testable statement. Select all that apply. A) The rise in atmospheric O2 occurred before the origin of eukaryotes. B) Clay surfaces can form a scaffold to which nucleotides bind. C) Successful laboratory simulations prove how organic molecules formed on early Earth. D) The first protocell to form in Earth's prebiotic soup was the ancestor of all cells living today. E) Other endosymbiotic bacteria will become efficient chloroplasts in the future.

A, B

Review the section "Investigating Life: Bacterial Evolution Goes 'Hog Wild' on the Farm." Researchers studied the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes on farms where antibiotics are used. Select all of the ways that the resistance genes can spread to other species or other areas, increasing the possibility that some antibiotics may become useless in the future. A) consumption by humans of meat from the farms containing the genes B) transfer of the genes to the atmosphere through nitrogen fixation C) contamination of plants that are fertilized with composted manure from the farms D) transfer of the bacteria to nearby communities by insects E) incorporation into neighboring farms by allopatric speciation F) leaching of bacteria from farms through streams and groundwater

A, C, D, F

Select reasons why slime molds and water molds were once classified as fungi. Check all that apply. A) They are heterotrophic B) They produce fillamentous feeding structures. C) They can produce their own food using photosynthesis D) Their cell walls contain chitin

A,B

Which of the following statements are true concerning the ecological significance of prokaryotes? Select all that apply. A) Bacteria and archaea are an important food source for other organisms.Bacteria and archaea are an important food source for other organisms. Correct B) A few types of prokaryotes fix nitrogen from the air and convert it to ammonium that plants can use. C) All prokaryotes absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air. D) Without prokaryotes living in and on you, you'd get sick more often. E) Bacteria help us produce cheese. F) Archaea are important agents of disease in humans.

A,B,D,E

Select all of the following that correctly describe protists. A) Protists may be autotrophic or heterotrophic. B) Any protist that causes disease in humans is classified as a diatom. C) Protists are the most diverse group of eukaryotes. D) Protists include the algae, slime molds, and water molds. E) Protists all have a membrane-bounded nucleus. F) Protists are all unicellular organisms.

A,C,D,E

Select all of the statements about gymnosperms that are true. A) Gymnosperms are vascular plants B) Gymnosperms reproduce with ascrospores C) Gymnosperms include fruit bearing trees D) Both gymnosperms and angiosperms use seeds, microspores, and megaspores during reproduction. E) Gymnosperms are more closely related to bryophytes than they are to ferns.

A,D

What evidence supports the RNA-world theory? Select all that apply. A) RNA is more versatile than DNA. B) RNA is more stable than DNA. C) DNA is copied with fewer errors than RNA. D) RNA can catalyze chemical reactions. E) RNA nucleic acids were more common than DNA nucleic acids.

A,D

Review the section "Investigating Life: What Makes Us Human?" Select all of the following that are true about hominid genomes. A) Chromosome banding patterns are similar between orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans. B) Chimpanzees have one more pair of chromosomes than humans, gorillas, and orangutans. C) The genomes of humans and chimps are only 10% different. D) Human chromosome #2 is the result of the fusion of two chromosomes after the human and chimp lineage diverged. E) Human and chimp genomes have 96% nucleotide similarity. F) Humans have about 10 times more coding regions in their genome than do other hominids.

A,D,E

Extinction occurs when A) No member of a species can adapt to changing conditions before it dies B) No member of a species has the alleles necessary to survive and reproduce when conditions change. C) Members of a species do not realize that conditions are changing until the gene pool is greatly diminished. D) The changing conditions fail to produce new alleles to save the species.

B

Review the experiment discussed in the section "Investigating Life: Shining a Spotlight on Danger." What did the investigators find, as indicated by the data shown? A) Pike cichlid predators consumed copepods and bioluminescent algae, but did not consume nonbioluminescent algae. B) More copepods are consumed in the presence of bioluminescent algae than in the presence of nonbioluminescent algae. C) Nonbioluminescent algae populations increased in size when copepods were present. D) Copepods are more likely to consume bioluminescent algae than nonbioluminescent algae.

B

What do the protist groups once classified as "plantlike" all have in common? A) They include multicellular forms. B) They include photosynthetic forms. C) They are mostly terrestrial D) They cause Disease in plants

B

Which of the following Approaches are used to classify bacteria? Select all that apply. A) Internal Structures B) How energy is acquired C) Cell Wall Structure D) DNA Sequences E) Size

B,C,D

Select all of the true statements about Stanley Miller's experiment and early Earth. A) Miller's Experiment yielded life from inorganic molecules. B) The experiment did not include oxygen because the earliest Earth Lacked oxygen in its atmosphere. C) Miller's Experiment mimicked conditions around deep-sea hydrothermal vents D) The experiment showed oparin's four gases combined with electricity could produce amino acids E) Miller's prebiotic simulation has been repeated by other scientists D) Miller's experiment yielded RNA, the genetic material for the earliest life.

B,D,E

During which phase of the virus life cycle is translation of viral genetic proteins most likely to take place? A) Assembly B) Attachment C) Synthesis D) Penetration

C

Researchers are investigating the incidence of algal blooms in neighborhood ponds. In summer, they collect water samples from over 100 neighborhood ponds in Dallas, Texas and surrounding cities. They also surveyed residents in each neighborhood to collect data such as average lot size, average home value, average resident income, and lawn care methods. The researchers found that neighborhoods with large lots, high home values, and high income levels were likely to use automatic sprinklers and synthetic fertilizers on their lawns. These same neighborhoods were very likely to have abundant algae in their ponds. Based on this research, which conclusion provides the best explanation for why algae proliferate in neighborhood ponds? A) Neighborhoods with expensive homes typically have larger, deeper ponds that are more likely to support algae proliferation. B) Large lot sizes likely provide algae with extra room to grow, and the algae then washes into the pond. C) Lawn fertilizer that washes into neighborhood ponds likely causes algae to become more abundant. D) High income neighborhoods are less likely to treat their ponds with chemicals that prevent algae growth. E) Automatic sprinklers may house algae and may spray into neighborhood ponds.

C

Review the section "Investigating Life: Bacterial Evolution Goes 'Hog Wild' on the Farm." Data from one of the studies of antibiotic resistance genes discussed in this section is shown. What result does the data indicate? A) The use of antibiotics on farms helps to decrease the level of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. B)Farms that used higher amounts of antibiotics had lower diversity of resistance genes than farms that used lower amounts of antibiotics. C) The number of different resistance genes was greater on farms where antibiotics were used. D) There was no difference in number of resistance genes between farms that used antibiotics and control samples that had never been exposed to antibiotics.

C

Review the section "Investigating Life: Genetic Messages from Ancient Ecosystems." According to DNA samples in ice cores, what was the plant community of Beringia like 300,000 years ago? A) The community was composed of about 60% mosses, 30% herbs, and 10% shrubs. B) About 75% of plant species were either shrubs or mosses. C) About 80% of plant species were herbs (grasses and nonwoody plants). D) Mosses were the must numerous plant species.

C

What is pollen? A) A sugar that attracts pollinators B) A triploid tissue that nourishes the seed C) The male gametophyte D) The female gametophyte of a seed plant

C

Lysogenic pathway

Cell carry integrated DNA and replicates; does not kill host

Match each of the following descriptions with the appropriate type of plant. Whisk Fern Club Moss True Fern True Moss Cherry Tree ---- Seedless vascular plant most like the common ancestor of all seedless vascular plants Seedless nonvascular plant Member of largest group of seedless vascular plants Vascular seed plant Seedless vascular plant with rhizomes instead of roots and no obvious leaves

Club Moss-Seedless vascular plant most like the common ancestor of all seedless vascular plants True Moss-Seedless nonvascular plant True fern-Member of largest group of seedless vascular plants Cherry Tree-Vascular seed plant Whisk Fern-Seedless vascular plant with rhizomes instead of roots and no obvious leaves

On What basis are the protozoa traditionally classified? A) How they obtain energy. B) what diseases they cause C) whether they are unicellular or multicellular D) How they move

D

Review the section "Investigating Life: Plant Protection Rackets May Stimulate Speciation." In the study examined, researchers found that plant lineages with extrafloral nectaries A) Were confined to just a few families of plants. B) Were confined to small plant families that contained only a dew species C) Had lower speciation rates compared to plant lineages without extrafloral nectaries. D) Had higher speciation rates compared to plant lineages without extrafloral nectaries.

D

Review the section "Investigating Life: Plant Protection Rackets May Stimulate Speciation." The figure below shows a phylogenetic tree of most of the families in the plant kingdom; the presence of species with extrafloral nectaries is indicated in green. What does the distribution pattern of extrafloral nectaries among plant families indicate about these structures? A)Plants with extrafloral nectaries are more closely related to each other than to plants without extrafloral nectaries. B) Extrafloral nectaries are a derived character that is only present in all members of four major clades with the phylogeny of plants. C) Extrafloral nectaries are an ancestral character in all plants that was subsequently lost in some groups. D) Extrafloral nectaries evolved independently in many plant families.

D

What organisms are most closely related to Amoeba proteus? A) Euglenoids B) Paramecia C) Flagellates D) Foraminiferans

D

One of your friends asks you, "If humans are related to chimpanzees, then you must think that humans evolved from chimps. Why, then, are there still chimps?" What is the best response to this? A) Humans did not evolve from chimps. In fact, chimps evolved from humans. The cladograms are just usually drawn to show humans at the top. B) Well, that's a good point. I had never thought about that. C) It is true that, in certain regions of the world, humans evolved from chimps; in other regions the selective pressures did not favor evolution of chimps into humans, so chimps still exist. D) While it is true that humans evolved from chimps, this does not mean that all chimps will become humans. E) Humans did not evolve from chimps. Humans and chimps share a common ancestor that was neither a chimp nor a human.

E

Review the section "Investigating Life: Bacterial Evolution Goes 'Hog Wild' on the Farm." Data from the studies of antibiotic resistance genes discussed in this section is shown. What is likely occurring among the bacteria in manure and compost made from the manure that increases both the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes? A) Decomposition B) Vertical Gene Transfer C) Nitrogen Fixation D) Horizontal Gene Transfer

Horizontal Gene Transfer

Lytic Pathway

Kills host, cell blows up

Match each idea about the evolution of multicellularity to the evidence that supports it. 1. Unicellular organisms could have failed to separate after cell division. 2. Multicellularity arose independently in several lineages. 3. Several unicellular organisms could have come together and taken on specialized tasks. ----- >Slime molds are protists that do this as part of their life cycle. >Modern plants and animals develop from one cell (a fertilized egg) this way. >Genetic evidence shows that plants, fungi, and animals arose from different protist ancestors.

Slime molds are protists that do this as part of their life cycle.-3 Modern plants and animals develop from one cell (a fertilized egg) this way.-1 Genetic evidence shows that plants, fungi, and animals arose from different protist ancestors.-2