Bio 2: Prokaryotes, Protists, Fungi

Bacteria and archea

Prokaryotes

Flagella

allows bacteria to move connected by a protein motor that allows it to whip around

Fungi are more closely related to ____ than plants

animals

Protists gave rise to

animals fungi plants

Monera broken into two separate kingdoms

bacteria archea

Monera =

bacteria + archae

Prokaryotes includes

bacteria and archae together they are the monera Lack a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes range from 1-5 µm in diameter. Eukaryotes range from 10-100 µm in diameter. Prokaryotes live in harsh habitats too cold, hot, salty, acidic or alkaline for other organisms to survive

Diatoms

protist "plankton" the produce silica exoskeletons

Trypanosoma

protist Causes African Sleeping Sickness

Amoeba

protist with Pseudopod, can cause dysentery, amoebic meningo-encephalitis

Biological junk drawer

protists

Monera gave rise to

protists

Bacilli

rod shaped and elongated Ex. Lactobacilli -> yogurt

Cocci

round or sphere shaped

Autotrophic

(algae)- make energy by photosynthesis

Heterotrophic

(parasites)- eat living hosts

Heterotrophic

(protozoans)- eat bacteria and protists

Protists

-Amoeba -Paramecia -Euglena -Algae

Archea

-Methanobacteria -Ferroplasma -Sulfolobus

Examples of fungi

-Mushrooms (Death cap) -Cap fungus -Bread mold -Chytrids -Penicillin -Yeasts

Bacteria

-Salmonella -E. coli -Lactobacillus -Acetobacter

Features of bacteria

Bacteria has no nucleus but giant chromosome in middle DNA in middle of cell Surrounded by cytoplasm Floating in that cytoplasm is Ribosome-->RNA food particles Has a plasma membrane surrounding it Has a cell wall Not made of cellulose like plants Made of peptidoglycan Hair-like flagella and fibrea Sticky capsule Circular DNA called plasmids Ability for form thick, dormant endospores Have many different feeding modes (photosynthesis, chemicals, decaying material) some with specialized "cells"

Bacteria live in our bodies to

Decompose dead skin Supply essential vitamins in our gut Guard against pathogenic organisms

Fungi

Diverse eukaryotes with chitin cell wall Fungi absorb nutrients from living or dead organisms. Saprophytes eat "dead" material and can break down cellulose and lignin Some parasites absorb nutrients from their hosts Many fungi are mutualists and benefit their host Almost all land plants colonized by mutualistic fungi (mycorrhiza...Fungi get plant sugars, plants get nutrients) Most fungi are not harmful to humans, but many plant parasites are fungi

Archea

Early species of prokaryote similar to bacteria Live in harsh conditions High salt High temperature No oxygen, produce methane

Prokaryotes

Have plasma membrane Protein coat on surface Circular DNA Big chromosome Ribosomes None of these are surrounded by any membrane except for plasma membrane that surrounds whole cell

How do protists eat

Ingesting packets of food engulf food with pseudopodia sweep food in with cilia Absorbing organic molecules directly from the environment Photosynthesis

Mitochondria and chloroplasts also have

plasmids

Three types of bacteria

cocci bacilli spirochete

Pathogen

disease causing

Protists

eukaryote

Endosymbiont

explains origin of eukaryotes Small prokaryotes took up residence within larger prokaryotes and each provided a service to the other These became mitochondria & chloroplasts Development of nuclear envelope Supported by DNA comparisons of bacterial DNA and mitochondrial/chloroplast DNA Secondary endosymbiosis occurred when a eukaryote ate another eukaryote, they lived happily ever after

Largest organism on earth

fungi

Halophiles

high salt

Thermophiles

high temp

Thing branches of fungi

hyphae

5 kingdoms of life

monera protists animals plants fungi

Thick parts of fungi

mycelia

Cow stomachs/ landfills

no oxygen produce methane

Mushroom

not actually fungi just produces spores

Spirochete

spiraled Ex. This is responsible for lyme disease symptoms

Protists

true Eukaryotes (have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles....think Ameobas) Found in wet environments or host organisms Get nutrition from a variety of ways: Autotrophic, (algae)- make energy by photosynthesis, Heterotrophic (protozoans)- eat bacteria and protists Heterotrophic (parasites)- eat living hosts Mixotrophic- use photosynthesis and heterotrophy

Fungi mostly live

underground

Mixotrophic

use photosynthesis and heterotrophy