Bio 2: Prokaryotes, Protists, Fungi
Bacteria and archea
Prokaryotes
Flagella
allows bacteria to move connected by a protein motor that allows it to whip around
Fungi are more closely related to ____ than plants
animals
Protists gave rise to
animals fungi plants
Monera broken into two separate kingdoms
bacteria archea
Monera =
bacteria + archae
Prokaryotes includes
bacteria and archae together they are the monera Lack a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotes range from 1-5 µm in diameter. Eukaryotes range from 10-100 µm in diameter. Prokaryotes live in harsh habitats too cold, hot, salty, acidic or alkaline for other organisms to survive
Diatoms
protist "plankton" the produce silica exoskeletons
Trypanosoma
protist Causes African Sleeping Sickness
Amoeba
protist with Pseudopod, can cause dysentery, amoebic meningo-encephalitis
Biological junk drawer
protists
Monera gave rise to
protists
Bacilli
rod shaped and elongated Ex. Lactobacilli -> yogurt
Cocci
round or sphere shaped
Autotrophic
(algae)- make energy by photosynthesis
Heterotrophic
(parasites)- eat living hosts
Heterotrophic
(protozoans)- eat bacteria and protists
Protists
-Amoeba -Paramecia -Euglena -Algae
Archea
-Methanobacteria -Ferroplasma -Sulfolobus
Examples of fungi
-Mushrooms (Death cap) -Cap fungus -Bread mold -Chytrids -Penicillin -Yeasts
Bacteria
-Salmonella -E. coli -Lactobacillus -Acetobacter
Features of bacteria
Bacteria has no nucleus but giant chromosome in middle DNA in middle of cell Surrounded by cytoplasm Floating in that cytoplasm is Ribosome-->RNA food particles Has a plasma membrane surrounding it Has a cell wall Not made of cellulose like plants Made of peptidoglycan Hair-like flagella and fibrea Sticky capsule Circular DNA called plasmids Ability for form thick, dormant endospores Have many different feeding modes (photosynthesis, chemicals, decaying material) some with specialized "cells"
Bacteria live in our bodies to
Decompose dead skin Supply essential vitamins in our gut Guard against pathogenic organisms
Fungi
Diverse eukaryotes with chitin cell wall Fungi absorb nutrients from living or dead organisms. Saprophytes eat "dead" material and can break down cellulose and lignin Some parasites absorb nutrients from their hosts Many fungi are mutualists and benefit their host Almost all land plants colonized by mutualistic fungi (mycorrhiza...Fungi get plant sugars, plants get nutrients) Most fungi are not harmful to humans, but many plant parasites are fungi
Archea
Early species of prokaryote similar to bacteria Live in harsh conditions High salt High temperature No oxygen, produce methane
Prokaryotes
Have plasma membrane Protein coat on surface Circular DNA Big chromosome Ribosomes None of these are surrounded by any membrane except for plasma membrane that surrounds whole cell
How do protists eat
Ingesting packets of food engulf food with pseudopodia sweep food in with cilia Absorbing organic molecules directly from the environment Photosynthesis
Mitochondria and chloroplasts also have
plasmids
Three types of bacteria
cocci bacilli spirochete
Pathogen
disease causing
Protists
eukaryote
Endosymbiont
explains origin of eukaryotes Small prokaryotes took up residence within larger prokaryotes and each provided a service to the other These became mitochondria & chloroplasts Development of nuclear envelope Supported by DNA comparisons of bacterial DNA and mitochondrial/chloroplast DNA Secondary endosymbiosis occurred when a eukaryote ate another eukaryote, they lived happily ever after
Largest organism on earth
fungi
Halophiles
high salt
Thermophiles
high temp
Thing branches of fungi
hyphae
5 kingdoms of life
monera protists animals plants fungi
Thick parts of fungi
mycelia
Cow stomachs/ landfills
no oxygen produce methane
Mushroom
not actually fungi just produces spores
Spirochete
spiraled Ex. This is responsible for lyme disease symptoms
Protists
true Eukaryotes (have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles....think Ameobas) Found in wet environments or host organisms Get nutrition from a variety of ways: Autotrophic, (algae)- make energy by photosynthesis, Heterotrophic (protozoans)- eat bacteria and protists Heterotrophic (parasites)- eat living hosts Mixotrophic- use photosynthesis and heterotrophy
Fungi mostly live
underground
Mixotrophic
use photosynthesis and heterotrophy