Bio 2

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Who authored the book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection?

Charles Darwin

Characteristics shared by primates include

All answers are correct.

Energy is one of the resources obtained by heterotrophs when they eat.

FALSE

The second stage of prenatal development is the fetal stage.

FALSE

All angiosperms have their pollen and seeds moved by animals.

False

Flatworms have complete digestive tracts.

False

The term "gymnosperm" means

"naked seed."

Clues from geology and paleontology suggest that simple cells or their precursors arose about

four billion years ago

The main storage carbohydrate in fungi is

glycogen.

The hormone released from the hypothalamus that stimulates release of LH and FSH in both the male and female is

gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

The physical location where an organism lives is termed its

habitat.

After a haploid spore germinates, it then completes mitosis, forming hyphae. The resulting hyphae are

haploid.

A vertebrate is an animal that

has a backbone.

Menopause

is the cessation of menstruation.

In the Investigating Life, researchers discovered that Mollies produced the most offspring in

light, nontoxic water.

Blood flow is increased by vasodilation, or widening of the blood vessel. Which tissue is responsible for vasodilation?

muscle

Which animal tissue has control over the other tissues and is found in all organ systems?

nervous

The systems that coordinate communication are

nervous and endocrine.

The tissue type that receives, processes, and transmits information by providing a communication network among cells is

nervous.

The tissue that makes up the spinal cord and brain consists of

neurons and neuroglia.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the tropical rain forest biome?

nutrient-rich soil

The type of epithelial tissue that forms a single layer of elongated cells is

simple columnar.

The type of epithelial tissue that forms a single layer of flattened cells is

simple squamous.

The only animals that rely solely on intracellular digestion are

sponges

Sponges belong to the phylum

Porifera.

All protists are single-celled.

True

Cooperation between or among cells could have been a key step in the evolution of multicellularity.

True

Which of the following is an amphibian?

toad

The concentration of the pesticide DDT is likely lowest in which organism?

algae

Which protists produce much of the Earth's oxygen?

algae

The study of an organism's structure is

anatomy.

A molecule that stimulates an immune-system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(n)

antigen.

Fungi and animals are similar because they both

are heterotrophs.

Like the kidney, a dialysis machine filters all but what out of the blood?

blood cells

The 2 cm. long structure in the human female that stimulates the female to experience orgasm is the

clitoris.

The ______ provide(s) a waxy coating that minimizes water loss from leaves of the plant.

cuticle

An invertebrate is an animal that

does not have a backbone.

The structure of the angiosperm that supplies nutrients to the germinating seedling is the

endosperm.

A density-independent factor is one that affects population without regard to the number of individuals per area.

True

A flowering plant and a bird which occasionally perches on its branches are not likely to coevolve.

True

A mushroom is a dikaryotic structure of Basidiomycota.

True

All land plants have a cuticle.

True

An organ is defined as consisting of two or more interacting tissues.

True

Antibiotics usually are not dangerous to humans when treating bacterial infections because most antibiotics exploit structures and functions in bacteria that are not present in host cells.

True

Because archaea were first found in environments that lacked oxygen or were very hot, acidic, or salty, they were nicknamed "extremophiles."

True

Feathers, whether on an ancient dinosaur or a modern bird, can help in thermoregulation by holding onto body heat.

True

If a species of fruit fly needs a minimum amount of leaf surface area for mating, once there are enough fruit flies to occupy all mating spaces, the population is at carrying capacity.

True

If there are 10 tortoises on a 2 hectare island, the population density is 5 tortoises per hectare.

True

If you had found a flattened worm with bilateral symmmetry, you would know that you had found a flatworm.

True

In a hierarchical description of an animal, tissues would fall between cells and organs.

True

In an evolutionary sense, "fitness" refers to an organism's contribution to the next generation's gene pool.

True

Many prokaryotes play vital roles in global nutrient cycles.

True

Most mollusks have an open circulatory system that keeps blood in specialized vessels as the blood flows throughout the body.

True

Protists can be autotrophs.

True

RNA was the first molecule carrying genetic information.

True

Sexual selection is a type of natural selection resulting from variation in the ability to obtain mates.

True

Species evenness is an important measure of diversity in an ecosystem.

True

The Miller experiment was the first in history that attempted to recreate chemical conditions on Earth before life arose.

True

The chance that a mutation will occur is independent of whether a new phenotype will benefit a population.

True

The endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, and other membranous organelles of cells might have formed by numerous infoldings of the cell's outer membrane.

True

The frequency of the sickle cell allele is kept up by the heterozygote advantage under natural selection.

True

The main function of phloem is to transport nutrients produced in photosynthesis to the roots and other nongreen parts of the plant.

True

The maximum number of individuals of a population that a habitat can support indefinitely is its carrying capacity.

True

The tissue which gives the outer part of the ear its shape is unique to animals.

True

When exponential growth is plotted over time a J-shaped curve emerges.

True

You observe that red sea turtles have become more common over time in a previously all-green population. You attribute the change to a selective advantage for the red phenotype, leading to a change in allele frequency.

True

Which is correct about sexually transmitted infections?

Viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi can cause STIs.

A lichen is made up of which two types of organisms?

a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium

Dictyostelium discoideum consists of amoeba-like cells that move independently, feeding on bacteria. When the food runs out, cells begin to aggregate to produce spores. Dictyostelium discoideum is which kind of organism?

a heterotroph

A prokaryote that occupies a habitat consisting of a low pH is a(n)

acidophile.

A jellylike substance produced by red algae and used as a culture medium for microorganisms is

agar.

An exaggerated attack on a harmless antigen by an overly sensitive immune system is termed a(n)

allergy

If you gave N2 to a culture of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, you would expect to detect

ammonium ions.

You are helping to prepare images for a textbook when you see a caption saying "first land vertebrates," so you look for pictures of

amphibians.

In a survivorship curve, a type II species, like a song bird, is a species that has

an equal probability of dying at any age.

Which is an example of humoral immunity?

antibodies produced that destroy an invading pathogen

Which of the following is NOT an abiotic component or condition of an ecosystem?

archaea

Biomagnification occurs with chemicals that

are not readily degraded and dissolve in fat.

Mosses are an example of which of the following?

autotrophs

Which level includes all the other levels?

biosphere

The number of new individuals produced per unit time in a population is its

birth rate.

Which falls outside the study of ecology?

bonds of DNA

The domain (domains) that contain prokaryotes is (are)

both Archaea and Bacteria.

What was most key in the transition of fish into amphibians?

both lungs and limbs

How do scientists believe that an asteroid impact in the Yucatán peninsula of Central America caused a worldwide mass extinction?

by blocking the sun and inhibiting photosynthesis

You are working in a diagnostic lab, and you receive a skin biopsy sample. The sample shows several groups of cancerous cells in the epithelium, so you say in your report that you found several

carcinomas.

Animals that hunt and eat essentially only other animals are

carnivores.

If a friend says that they have damage to connective tissue with a matrix of fine collagen fibers, you know that they have an issue with

cartilage.

The rigid barrier that surrounds most prokaryotes is the

cell wall.

If you observe an immune reaction involving a cytotoxic T cell, it is a

cell-mediated response.

Which of the following is a characteristic of annelids?

cephalization

What part of plant cells contains chlorophyll a and carries out photosynthesis?

chloroplast

Fungi that live between the cells of plant tissue without causing disease is called

chytridiomycota.

Although the lymphatic system has many similarities to the circulatory system, what can the lymphatic system accomplish that the circulatory system cannot?

collect bacteria, viruses, cancer cells, and other large particles from body tissues

A type of symbiosis in which one member of the relationship benefits with no effect on the other is

commensalism

All of the organisms in a given location or area are termed a

community

When two or more species vie for the same limited resource, ______ occurs.

competition

The ______ states that two species cannot coexist indefinitely in the same niche.

competitive exclusion principle

The substance that when activated triggers a chain reaction that punctures bacterial cell membranes is

complement protein.

Many parasites are too large to be engulfed by phagocytosis. Which would be effective in killing parasites?

complement proteins

The tissue type that provides support, transport, and insulation is

connective.

The primary function of muscle tissue is

contraction.

The gland that forms from ruptured follicle cells in the ovary and secretes estrogen and progesterone is the

corpus luteum.

What is a challenge that organisms living in an intertidal zone face that other aquatic organisms normally do not face?

daily changes in water depth

The number of individuals that die in a population per unit time is its

death rate.

Predation of deer by wolves is an example of a

density-dependent limit.

The systems that work together to acquire and use energy are

digestive, respiratory, and circulatory.

In plants that have two haploid gametes fuse during fertilization, the zygote is

diploid.

A baby turtle growing into an adult that appears similar is an example of

direct development.

Ancestors of giraffes with shorter necks could not reach branches high up in trees for food. This led to _____ for giraffes with longer necks.

directional selection

The mode of natural selection in which one extreme phenotype is fittest and the environment selects against the others is

directional selection.

In the Australian giant cuttlefish, males compete to mate with females. Smaller males sometimes succeed in mating by

disguising themselves as a female to gain access to a female.

Ancestors of the Galápagos finches had two different types of seeds to eat on some islands. Some seeds were very small and required small beaks to handle. Other seeds were very large and required large strong beaks to crack. This led to _____ among the Galápagos finches.

disruptive selection

The study of the relationships among organisms and the environment is

ecology

All the organisms plus the nonliving components of a defined area is a(n)

ecosystem

Thalidomide was given to pregnant women from 1957 to 1961 to help relieve the symptoms of morning sickness. Thalidomide binds to and inactivates the protein cereblon, which is important in limb formation. If a woman took thalidomide during the _____ period of her baby's development, it could result in stunted growth of their limbs.

embryonic

You are examining samples from a site in a dry pond that alternates between freezing cold winters and hot dry summers. When you find dormant thick-walled structures, you suspect that these are from bacteria and are

endospores.

A phagocyte is a cell that

engulfs other cells and debris.

The structure that covers the opening to the trachea during swallowing, thereby preventing food from entering the air passage, is the

epiglottis.

Changes in heritable traits in a population through multiple generations is called

evolution.

Since the conditions needed for the Hardy-Weinberg principle do not occur in real populations, this principle has no importance in population studies.

false

Which is not a member of the gymnosperms?

ferns

Which group of plants have phloem and xylem but lack seeds, flowers, and fruit?

ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and whisk ferns

The chemical composition of urine reflects the process of

filtration, absorption, and secretion.

Which is an example of an aquatic ecosystem?

fishes, snails, crabs, water, and salinity

Which of the following does not have a true coelom?

flatworm

An example of a density-independent factor that affects a population's growth is

frost killing all of your tomato plants.

The entire collection of genes and alleles is a population's

gene pool.

Bryophytes lack vascular tissue and lignin and therefore cannot

grow tall.

The physical place where members of a population live is termed a

habitat

A prokaryote that occupies a habitat that is extremely salty is a(n)

halophile.

In organisms that reproduce sexually, _____ are the sex cells that carry the genetic information from each parent.

haploid gametes

You have discovered a new worm-like animal. You are convinced it is not a nematode because it

has a coelom

Fungi and plants are similar because they both

have cell walls.

HIV-positive people track the progress of their disease with blood tests that measure the number of

helper T cells.

Individuals, who have one normal allele and one sickle cell allele, are able to resist malaria. This gives them a better chance of reaching reproductive age. This is known as

heterozygote advantage.

A skeleton has a foramen magnum near the rear of the skull; this indicates the skeletal remains may be those of

human.

If you were doing experiments on rats and wanted to disrupt thermal homeostasis, you would want to disconnect the

hypothalamus.

A person suffering from lactose intolerance cannot break down the disaccharide lactose. Where would lactose be found in a person with lactose intolerance, but not in a lactose-tolerant person?

in the large intestine

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium will not occur in a population in which

individuals immigrate or emigrate.

If you were asked to list systems that are most critical for protecting the body from external threats, you would list

integumentary, immune, and urinary.

You would know that a viral infection is ongoing in a body if you detect high levels of

interferon.

A lancelet is a(n)

invertebrate chordate.

A tunicate is a(n)

invertebrate chordate.

If you were taken to the beach and asked to stand near a sample of the largest kind of algae, you would search for a piece of

kelp

If a species makes up a small portion of the community by weight, yet exerts a disproportionate influence on community diversity, it is recognized as a _______ species.

keystoen

Which produces bile?

liver

Small, generation-by-generation changes to a population's gene pool is

microevolution.

Octopuses and squids are cephalopods and are members of which group?

mollusks

Which group of plants have phloem and xylem, seeds, flowers, and fruit and in many cases require animals for reproduction?

monocots and eudicots

The two groups of angiosperms are

monocots and eudicots.

In flowering plants, the gametophyte is ______ the sporophyte.

much smaller than

An organism with an incomplete digestive tract is at a disadvantage compared to an organism with a complete digestive tract since the organism with an incomplete digestive tract

must cease eating temporarily to defecate.

Associations of fungi and plant roots are called

mycorrhizae

The total of all the resources, both biotic and abiotic, that a species exploits for its survival, growth, and reproduction is its

niche

Abiotic components of an ecosystem include

nonliving components only.

The region of a prokaryotic cell where the bacterial chromosome (DNA) is located is the

nucleoid.

Prokaryotes lack which feature?

nucleus

Tropical rain forest soils are usually

nutrient-poor and low in organic matter.

What is NOT an ecological role of plants?

occupy top level of food webs

Animals that eat a broad variety of foods, including plants and animals, are

omnivores.

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, p + q = 1, p and q represent the frequency of alleles in a population of diploid organisms if

only two alleles exist for that gene.

A circulatory system in which the heart pumps blood to tissues throughout the body cavity is a(n)

open circulatory system.

A disease-causing agent that does not usually infect and cause disease in a person with a healthy immune system is termed a(n)

opportunistic pathogen.

The diffusion of water across a membrane that is permeable to water but not to ions and other charged solutes is

osmosis.

Evolution occurs

over generations.

In the Investigating Life, the observation that Tiktaalik had both gills and lungs suggests that it could absorb

oxygen from both the air and water.

Which is not a major part of the immune system?

pancreas

When a tapeworm steals nutrients from the gut of a mammalian host, that symbiosis is called

parasitism.

Which of the following is not classified as a mammal?

penguin

If you eat a lot of meat, one enzyme needed to break down all of that protein would be

pepsin

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum. The bacteria release botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions. Which would be inhibited in the gut of a person with botulism?

peristalsis

The observable properties of genes is an organism's

phenotype.

The study of the function of all of the body's parts is

physiology

Special cells produced by the immune system that are progeny of stimulated B cells and are antibody-producing factories are

plasma cells.

DNA that is circular and apart from the chromosome in a prokaryote is a(n)

plasmid.

Gymnosperms and angiosperms evolved ______ allowing them to live and reproduce in drier habitats than bryophytes and seedless vascular plants.

pollen grains and seeds

The number of individuals of a species per unit area or volume of habitat is

population density.

A group of organisms of one species occupying a geographical location at the same time is a

population.

When a blood clot begins to form, the enzyme thrombin is formed. Thrombin then activates the enzymes that produce more thrombin. This is an example of _____ feedback.

positive

Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum. The bacteria release botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions. What advantage would the bacteria gain by secreting the toxin?

prevent the body from excreting the bacteria

A cervical cap is a silicone cup that fits within the vagina and covers the cervix. This contraceptive

prevents sperm from reaching the egg.

The cells in the ovary that give rise to the mature egg cells are the

primary oocytes.

Gymnosperms have an advantage over ferns in that gymnosperms

produce pollen and do not require water to reproduce.

Seedless vascular plants can ______ without water, but cannot ______ without water.

reproduce asexually; reproduce sexually

In ______, multiple species use the same resource in a slightly different way or at a different time.

resource partitioning

Flatworms are very thin and can exchange materials across their surface. Flatworms lack which of the following anatomical systems?

respiratory

The parts of the plant that absorb water and minerals are the

roots.

When a female cuttlefish accepts a male's mating attempt, the two animals align head-to-head, and he inserts a sperm packet into her body. This is an example of

sexual internal fertilization.

Patients with muscular dystrophy have decreased voluntary motion, while involuntary motions remain normal. Which tissues are affected by muscular dystrophy?

skeletal muscle only

The founder effect occurs when

small groups of individuals leave their home population and establish new settlements, mating only among themselves.

Babies that are at a low birth weight are more likely to have health problems, while women will have difficulty delivering babies with high birth weight. Together this leads to ______ for babies of average birth weight.

stabilizing selection

The mode of natural selection in which extreme phenotypes are less fit than the optimal intermediate phenotype is

stabilizing selection.

The mode of natural selection in which two or more extreme phenotypes are fitter than the intermediate phenotype is

stabilizing selection.

Antacids would be effective in which part of the digestive system?

stomach

Acid reflux would occur under which conditions?

stomach contents leak into the esophagus

What evolved in terrestrial plants to allow the exchange of gases with air?

stomata

The parts of the plant that allow for gas exchange are the

stomata.

A gradual change in a community's species composition, occurring as competing organisms respond to and modify the physical environment, is referred to as ecological

succession.

A relationship between different species in which one species lives in or on another is

symbiosis.

Male athletes who take synthetic steroids can become sterile due to lack of sperm production. This is because of negative feedback on the

testes.

In the late 1950s, some women took _____ as a tranquilizer to relieve morning sickness and it caused deformed limbs in developing embryos.

thalidomide

The Earth has a constant tilt of ______ on its axis from its plane of orbit.

23.5 degrees

Use the Hardy-Weinberg equations: p + q = 1 and p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1. If the dominant allele frequency is 0.8, what percentage of the population will be heterozygous?

32%

Water covers about ______ of the Earth's surface.

70 percent

Which is not an important biogeochemical cycle on Earth?

ATP Cycle

Which type of genetic drift occurs when many members of a population die, resulting in a great loss of genetic diversity?

the bottleneck effect

The homeostasis of water in organisms is affected by

All answers are correct

Antibiotic resistance is becoming more common in disease-causing bacteria because

All answers are correct.

Heterotrophs eat to

All answers are correct.

What is the purpose of flowers?

All answers are correct.

What would occur if the lymphatic system was absent?

All answers are correct.

Plants are

All of the answer choices are correct.

You are reading about a garden designer who has invented something called the "megagarden space" in which a few specimens are planted in a disturbed area and allowed to make a garden by self-propagation. Why might this designer choose to work with angiosperms rather than gymnosperms?

Angiosperms can produce flowers and fruits to aid in seed dispersal.

You are reading about a garden designer who has invented something called the "megagarden space" in which a few specimens are planted in a disturbed area and allowed to make a garden by self-propagation. Why might this designer choose to work with angiosperms rather than gymnosperms?

Angiosperms can produce flowers and fruits to aid in seed dispersal. Correct

Leeches and earthworms belong to the phylum

Annelida.

Photosynthesis probably originated during the _____ eon and most likely used _____ as an electron donor.

Archean; hydrogen sulfide

Spiders and scorpions belong to the phylum

Arthropoda

The most successful phylum with regards to diversity and numbers is

Arthropoda.

Which of the following phyla of fungi contain the organism responsible for Dutch elm disease and chestnut blight?

Ascomycetes

In plants,

the diploid zygote develops into the sporophyte.

On Earth, solar energy is most intense at

the equator.

A cotyledon is

the first leaf structure to arise in the embryo of an angiosperm.

The few ancestors of the Galápagos finches who colonized the islands is an example of Multiple

the founder effect.

Evolution must include a change in

the gene pool of a population.

In a survivorship curve, a type I species, like a human or elephant, is a species that has

the highest probability of dying as it reaches its maximum life span.

In a survivorship curve, a type III species, like most insects and plants, is a species that has

the highest probability of dying at a very young age.

Euglena and dinoflagellates have chloroplasts and flagella. This means they have what characteristic(s)?

Both are photosynthetic and motile.

The geologist who suggested that natural processes are slow and steady and that the Earth is much older than 6,000 years was

Charles Lyell.

Corals and jellyfish belong to the phylum

Cnidaria.

Sea cucumbers and sea urchins belong to the phylum

Echinodermata.

Since fever is not always present, it is an example of adaptive immunity.

FALSE

The ovarian cycle prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

FALSE

The type of T cell that is primarily responsible for the production of antibodies is the plasma cell.

FALSE

The type of cell that is primarily responsible for initiating and coordinating the adaptive immune response is the B cell.

FALSE

A pyramid of energy represents each trophic level as a block whose size is directly proportional to the energy used in that level.

False

Conditions whose growth-limiting effects increase as a population grows are density-independent factors

False

Evolution occurs in individuals, not populations.

False

Gymnosperms are less successful than ferns because ferns make seeds.

False

If a scientist sees 20 finches in 3 trees where they nest at 5 p.m., the population density is 4.

False

If you observe that the hypothalamus of a newly discovered animal stimulates blood vessels in the skin to relax in response to excessive body temperature, you know that it is an ectotherm.

False

Natural populations usually fulfill the conditions needed for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

False

Natural selection is a random process.

False

Neurons insulate neuroglia as the latter carry electrical signals.

False

Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which neither member of the relationship benefits.

False

Protein was the first molecule carrying genetic information.

False

Scientists have fossils of the first life on Earth.

False

Sea cucumbers belong to the plant kingdom.

False

The hundreds of dog breeds are a product of natural selection.

False

The purpose of fruit is to provide nourishment for the growing plant after the seed germinates.

False

The species that appear in a climax community usually are short-lived, early-maturing, r-selected species that are strong competitors in a stable environment.

False

Water accounts for about half of the ecological footprint.

False

When exponential growth is plotted over time an S-shaped curve emerges.

False

The endosymbiont theory states that eukaryotic cells work together to form a multicellular organism.

Fasle

Which description is correctly matched with its term?

Innate defenses—able to defend against any pathogen

Birth control pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone. What effect would this have on the anterior pituitary?

It would secrete less FSH and LH.

Birth control pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone. What effect would this have on the hypothalamus?

It would secrete less gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.

A country's ecological footprint can be calculated by multiplying its population size by the footprint of each individual. Why are some ecologists concerned about the ecological footprint of a country like India?

Its population and land area are increasing.

A prokaryote that occupies a habitat that is characterized by extreme heat (above 50°C) is a(n)

thermophile.

How is the ability of phospholipids to spontaneously form membranes when placed in water important in the origin of life on Earth?

Membranes are used by cells to isolate their contents from the environment.

Snails and squids belong to the phylum

Mollusca

Darwin obtained which of the following in the Essay on the Principle of Population by Malthus?

More individuals of a population are born than survive to reproduce.

Which best describes the link between survivorship curves and opportunistic species?

Opportunistic species are limited by density-independent factors and have many offspring.

Groups of cells that interact and provide a specific function are defined as a(n)

tissue.

Epithelial cells of the small intestine contain about 500 microvilli. What is the purpose of these microvilli?

to increase surface area for food absorption

The role of B cells in adaptive immunity is _____, while the role of T cells in adaptive immunity is _____.

to secrete antibodies in humoral immunity; to attack marked cells in cell-mediated immunity

to secrete antibodies in humoral immunity; to attack marked cells in cell-mediated immunity

to secrete antibodies in humoral immunity; to attack marked cells in cell-mediated immunity

Which of the following STIs is caused by a protist?

trichomoniasis

Which ecosystem would have the highest net primary production?

tropical rain forest

You are asked to place descriptive labels on a plant model which all students in an introductory laboratory will examine. ________ would receive a label saying "transports sugars around the plant."

Phloem

Cilia sweep the released mature oocyte from an ovary into the

uterine tube.

Some scientists predict that as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase, plant growth will also increase. What is the best explanation for this hypothesis?

Plants consume carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis.

A preparation that "teaches" the immune system to recognize a disease-causing agent without actually causing disease is termed a(n)

vaccination.

Flukes and tapeworms belong to the phylum

Platyhelminthes.

The tube-like structure that serves as the birth canal in the human female is the

vagina.

You are working with a male patient suffering from infertility. Examination shows no problems until a blockage in a tube that extends from the scrotum and connects to the ejaculatory duct. You tell the patient that the infertility is probably due to damage to his

vas deferens.

What evolved in terrestrial plants to provide support and transport for water and minerals?

vascular tissues

What was likely the first informational molecule of life?

RNA

What is the advantage of a gymnosperm producing a seed over a fern producing a spore?

Seeds are diploid, and can grow directly into a sporophyte.

Segmentation occurs in annelids, arthropods, and chordates. What can therefore be concluded about segmentation?

Segmentation evolved multiple times.

If you placed cells from a marine alga in freshwater, you would expect to see that

water moves into the cell by osmosis.

When the concentration of solutes in a fluid is higher outside the cell than inside,

water moves out of the cell by osmosis.

The two types of vascular tissue in most plants are

xylem and phloem.

The parts of the plant that conduct water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves are the

xylem.

Which of the following eats free-floating photosynthetic organisms found in lakes?

zooplankton

The correct sequence for the stages in development from conception to birth is

zygote, preembryonic stage, embryonic stage, fetal stage.

A very rapid response to a pathogen, involving antibodies, is a secondary immune reaction.

TRUE

Genital warts are caused by HPV.

TRUE

Heterotrophs could live underground if they could find a food source, but photosynthetic autotrophs, which include the majority of autotrophs on Earth, must live where they can obtain sunlight.

TRUE

If you detected large amounts of ammonia in mammalian urine, you would know that the mammal in question had serious problems with liver and urinary functions.

TRUE

If you see B cells, you know that a humoral response is underway.

TRUE

The events of the birthing process use positive feedback. The stretching of the cervix during prelabor or stage 1 of labor causes the hypothalamus to trigger the pituitary gland to release the hormone oxytocin, which causes uterine contractions.

TRUE

The primary immune response produces memory cells that stimulate a faster immune response on a subsequent exposure to the same foreign antigen.

TRUE

The second time that an immune system sees an antigen, a secondary immune reaction will take place.

TRUE

The trace mineral iron is necessary in humans for the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin molecules.

TRUE

A male peacock has enormous tail feathers that it uses in mating displays to attract females. While the tail feathers are an advantage in mating, what is the potential disadvantage of these feathers to the male?

The feathers require a lot of energy to produce.

In the section "Investigating Life: Genetic Messages from Ancient Ecosystems," what was the advantage of looking for DNA samples in permafrost?

The freezing temperatures preserve the DNA.

Researchers studying guppies in Trinidad found that guppies in streams with high predation reproduced earlier and more frequently. Which of the following is most important in driving the guppies to change their life history in face of predation?

The guppies are an opportunistic species.

Which of the following characteristics do all animals share?

They are multicellular eukaryotes.

Why are lichens a good indicator of environmental quality?

They cannot excrete absorbed toxins.


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