Bio 2
Who authored the book On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection?
Charles Darwin
Characteristics shared by primates include
All answers are correct.
Energy is one of the resources obtained by heterotrophs when they eat.
FALSE
The second stage of prenatal development is the fetal stage.
FALSE
All angiosperms have their pollen and seeds moved by animals.
False
Flatworms have complete digestive tracts.
False
The term "gymnosperm" means
"naked seed."
Clues from geology and paleontology suggest that simple cells or their precursors arose about
four billion years ago
The main storage carbohydrate in fungi is
glycogen.
The hormone released from the hypothalamus that stimulates release of LH and FSH in both the male and female is
gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
The physical location where an organism lives is termed its
habitat.
After a haploid spore germinates, it then completes mitosis, forming hyphae. The resulting hyphae are
haploid.
A vertebrate is an animal that
has a backbone.
Menopause
is the cessation of menstruation.
In the Investigating Life, researchers discovered that Mollies produced the most offspring in
light, nontoxic water.
Blood flow is increased by vasodilation, or widening of the blood vessel. Which tissue is responsible for vasodilation?
muscle
Which animal tissue has control over the other tissues and is found in all organ systems?
nervous
The systems that coordinate communication are
nervous and endocrine.
The tissue type that receives, processes, and transmits information by providing a communication network among cells is
nervous.
The tissue that makes up the spinal cord and brain consists of
neurons and neuroglia.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the tropical rain forest biome?
nutrient-rich soil
The type of epithelial tissue that forms a single layer of elongated cells is
simple columnar.
The type of epithelial tissue that forms a single layer of flattened cells is
simple squamous.
The only animals that rely solely on intracellular digestion are
sponges
Sponges belong to the phylum
Porifera.
All protists are single-celled.
True
Cooperation between or among cells could have been a key step in the evolution of multicellularity.
True
Which of the following is an amphibian?
toad
The concentration of the pesticide DDT is likely lowest in which organism?
algae
Which protists produce much of the Earth's oxygen?
algae
The study of an organism's structure is
anatomy.
A molecule that stimulates an immune-system reaction by B cells and T cells is termed a(n)
antigen.
Fungi and animals are similar because they both
are heterotrophs.
Like the kidney, a dialysis machine filters all but what out of the blood?
blood cells
The 2 cm. long structure in the human female that stimulates the female to experience orgasm is the
clitoris.
The ______ provide(s) a waxy coating that minimizes water loss from leaves of the plant.
cuticle
An invertebrate is an animal that
does not have a backbone.
The structure of the angiosperm that supplies nutrients to the germinating seedling is the
endosperm.
A density-independent factor is one that affects population without regard to the number of individuals per area.
True
A flowering plant and a bird which occasionally perches on its branches are not likely to coevolve.
True
A mushroom is a dikaryotic structure of Basidiomycota.
True
All land plants have a cuticle.
True
An organ is defined as consisting of two or more interacting tissues.
True
Antibiotics usually are not dangerous to humans when treating bacterial infections because most antibiotics exploit structures and functions in bacteria that are not present in host cells.
True
Because archaea were first found in environments that lacked oxygen or were very hot, acidic, or salty, they were nicknamed "extremophiles."
True
Feathers, whether on an ancient dinosaur or a modern bird, can help in thermoregulation by holding onto body heat.
True
If a species of fruit fly needs a minimum amount of leaf surface area for mating, once there are enough fruit flies to occupy all mating spaces, the population is at carrying capacity.
True
If there are 10 tortoises on a 2 hectare island, the population density is 5 tortoises per hectare.
True
If you had found a flattened worm with bilateral symmmetry, you would know that you had found a flatworm.
True
In a hierarchical description of an animal, tissues would fall between cells and organs.
True
In an evolutionary sense, "fitness" refers to an organism's contribution to the next generation's gene pool.
True
Many prokaryotes play vital roles in global nutrient cycles.
True
Most mollusks have an open circulatory system that keeps blood in specialized vessels as the blood flows throughout the body.
True
Protists can be autotrophs.
True
RNA was the first molecule carrying genetic information.
True
Sexual selection is a type of natural selection resulting from variation in the ability to obtain mates.
True
Species evenness is an important measure of diversity in an ecosystem.
True
The Miller experiment was the first in history that attempted to recreate chemical conditions on Earth before life arose.
True
The chance that a mutation will occur is independent of whether a new phenotype will benefit a population.
True
The endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, and other membranous organelles of cells might have formed by numerous infoldings of the cell's outer membrane.
True
The frequency of the sickle cell allele is kept up by the heterozygote advantage under natural selection.
True
The main function of phloem is to transport nutrients produced in photosynthesis to the roots and other nongreen parts of the plant.
True
The maximum number of individuals of a population that a habitat can support indefinitely is its carrying capacity.
True
The tissue which gives the outer part of the ear its shape is unique to animals.
True
When exponential growth is plotted over time a J-shaped curve emerges.
True
You observe that red sea turtles have become more common over time in a previously all-green population. You attribute the change to a selective advantage for the red phenotype, leading to a change in allele frequency.
True
Which is correct about sexually transmitted infections?
Viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi can cause STIs.
A lichen is made up of which two types of organisms?
a fungus and an alga or cyanobacterium
Dictyostelium discoideum consists of amoeba-like cells that move independently, feeding on bacteria. When the food runs out, cells begin to aggregate to produce spores. Dictyostelium discoideum is which kind of organism?
a heterotroph
A prokaryote that occupies a habitat consisting of a low pH is a(n)
acidophile.
A jellylike substance produced by red algae and used as a culture medium for microorganisms is
agar.
An exaggerated attack on a harmless antigen by an overly sensitive immune system is termed a(n)
allergy
If you gave N2 to a culture of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, you would expect to detect
ammonium ions.
You are helping to prepare images for a textbook when you see a caption saying "first land vertebrates," so you look for pictures of
amphibians.
In a survivorship curve, a type II species, like a song bird, is a species that has
an equal probability of dying at any age.
Which is an example of humoral immunity?
antibodies produced that destroy an invading pathogen
Which of the following is NOT an abiotic component or condition of an ecosystem?
archaea
Biomagnification occurs with chemicals that
are not readily degraded and dissolve in fat.
Mosses are an example of which of the following?
autotrophs
Which level includes all the other levels?
biosphere
The number of new individuals produced per unit time in a population is its
birth rate.
Which falls outside the study of ecology?
bonds of DNA
The domain (domains) that contain prokaryotes is (are)
both Archaea and Bacteria.
What was most key in the transition of fish into amphibians?
both lungs and limbs
How do scientists believe that an asteroid impact in the Yucatán peninsula of Central America caused a worldwide mass extinction?
by blocking the sun and inhibiting photosynthesis
You are working in a diagnostic lab, and you receive a skin biopsy sample. The sample shows several groups of cancerous cells in the epithelium, so you say in your report that you found several
carcinomas.
Animals that hunt and eat essentially only other animals are
carnivores.
If a friend says that they have damage to connective tissue with a matrix of fine collagen fibers, you know that they have an issue with
cartilage.
The rigid barrier that surrounds most prokaryotes is the
cell wall.
If you observe an immune reaction involving a cytotoxic T cell, it is a
cell-mediated response.
Which of the following is a characteristic of annelids?
cephalization
What part of plant cells contains chlorophyll a and carries out photosynthesis?
chloroplast
Fungi that live between the cells of plant tissue without causing disease is called
chytridiomycota.
Although the lymphatic system has many similarities to the circulatory system, what can the lymphatic system accomplish that the circulatory system cannot?
collect bacteria, viruses, cancer cells, and other large particles from body tissues
A type of symbiosis in which one member of the relationship benefits with no effect on the other is
commensalism
All of the organisms in a given location or area are termed a
community
When two or more species vie for the same limited resource, ______ occurs.
competition
The ______ states that two species cannot coexist indefinitely in the same niche.
competitive exclusion principle
The substance that when activated triggers a chain reaction that punctures bacterial cell membranes is
complement protein.
Many parasites are too large to be engulfed by phagocytosis. Which would be effective in killing parasites?
complement proteins
The tissue type that provides support, transport, and insulation is
connective.
The primary function of muscle tissue is
contraction.
The gland that forms from ruptured follicle cells in the ovary and secretes estrogen and progesterone is the
corpus luteum.
What is a challenge that organisms living in an intertidal zone face that other aquatic organisms normally do not face?
daily changes in water depth
The number of individuals that die in a population per unit time is its
death rate.
Predation of deer by wolves is an example of a
density-dependent limit.
The systems that work together to acquire and use energy are
digestive, respiratory, and circulatory.
In plants that have two haploid gametes fuse during fertilization, the zygote is
diploid.
A baby turtle growing into an adult that appears similar is an example of
direct development.
Ancestors of giraffes with shorter necks could not reach branches high up in trees for food. This led to _____ for giraffes with longer necks.
directional selection
The mode of natural selection in which one extreme phenotype is fittest and the environment selects against the others is
directional selection.
In the Australian giant cuttlefish, males compete to mate with females. Smaller males sometimes succeed in mating by
disguising themselves as a female to gain access to a female.
Ancestors of the Galápagos finches had two different types of seeds to eat on some islands. Some seeds were very small and required small beaks to handle. Other seeds were very large and required large strong beaks to crack. This led to _____ among the Galápagos finches.
disruptive selection
The study of the relationships among organisms and the environment is
ecology
All the organisms plus the nonliving components of a defined area is a(n)
ecosystem
Thalidomide was given to pregnant women from 1957 to 1961 to help relieve the symptoms of morning sickness. Thalidomide binds to and inactivates the protein cereblon, which is important in limb formation. If a woman took thalidomide during the _____ period of her baby's development, it could result in stunted growth of their limbs.
embryonic
You are examining samples from a site in a dry pond that alternates between freezing cold winters and hot dry summers. When you find dormant thick-walled structures, you suspect that these are from bacteria and are
endospores.
A phagocyte is a cell that
engulfs other cells and debris.
The structure that covers the opening to the trachea during swallowing, thereby preventing food from entering the air passage, is the
epiglottis.
Changes in heritable traits in a population through multiple generations is called
evolution.
Since the conditions needed for the Hardy-Weinberg principle do not occur in real populations, this principle has no importance in population studies.
false
Which is not a member of the gymnosperms?
ferns
Which group of plants have phloem and xylem but lack seeds, flowers, and fruit?
ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and whisk ferns
The chemical composition of urine reflects the process of
filtration, absorption, and secretion.
Which is an example of an aquatic ecosystem?
fishes, snails, crabs, water, and salinity
Which of the following does not have a true coelom?
flatworm
An example of a density-independent factor that affects a population's growth is
frost killing all of your tomato plants.
The entire collection of genes and alleles is a population's
gene pool.
Bryophytes lack vascular tissue and lignin and therefore cannot
grow tall.
The physical place where members of a population live is termed a
habitat
A prokaryote that occupies a habitat that is extremely salty is a(n)
halophile.
In organisms that reproduce sexually, _____ are the sex cells that carry the genetic information from each parent.
haploid gametes
You have discovered a new worm-like animal. You are convinced it is not a nematode because it
has a coelom
Fungi and plants are similar because they both
have cell walls.
HIV-positive people track the progress of their disease with blood tests that measure the number of
helper T cells.
Individuals, who have one normal allele and one sickle cell allele, are able to resist malaria. This gives them a better chance of reaching reproductive age. This is known as
heterozygote advantage.
A skeleton has a foramen magnum near the rear of the skull; this indicates the skeletal remains may be those of
human.
If you were doing experiments on rats and wanted to disrupt thermal homeostasis, you would want to disconnect the
hypothalamus.
A person suffering from lactose intolerance cannot break down the disaccharide lactose. Where would lactose be found in a person with lactose intolerance, but not in a lactose-tolerant person?
in the large intestine
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium will not occur in a population in which
individuals immigrate or emigrate.
If you were asked to list systems that are most critical for protecting the body from external threats, you would list
integumentary, immune, and urinary.
You would know that a viral infection is ongoing in a body if you detect high levels of
interferon.
A lancelet is a(n)
invertebrate chordate.
A tunicate is a(n)
invertebrate chordate.
If you were taken to the beach and asked to stand near a sample of the largest kind of algae, you would search for a piece of
kelp
If a species makes up a small portion of the community by weight, yet exerts a disproportionate influence on community diversity, it is recognized as a _______ species.
keystoen
Which produces bile?
liver
Small, generation-by-generation changes to a population's gene pool is
microevolution.
Octopuses and squids are cephalopods and are members of which group?
mollusks
Which group of plants have phloem and xylem, seeds, flowers, and fruit and in many cases require animals for reproduction?
monocots and eudicots
The two groups of angiosperms are
monocots and eudicots.
In flowering plants, the gametophyte is ______ the sporophyte.
much smaller than
An organism with an incomplete digestive tract is at a disadvantage compared to an organism with a complete digestive tract since the organism with an incomplete digestive tract
must cease eating temporarily to defecate.
Associations of fungi and plant roots are called
mycorrhizae
The total of all the resources, both biotic and abiotic, that a species exploits for its survival, growth, and reproduction is its
niche
Abiotic components of an ecosystem include
nonliving components only.
The region of a prokaryotic cell where the bacterial chromosome (DNA) is located is the
nucleoid.
Prokaryotes lack which feature?
nucleus
Tropical rain forest soils are usually
nutrient-poor and low in organic matter.
What is NOT an ecological role of plants?
occupy top level of food webs
Animals that eat a broad variety of foods, including plants and animals, are
omnivores.
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, p + q = 1, p and q represent the frequency of alleles in a population of diploid organisms if
only two alleles exist for that gene.
A circulatory system in which the heart pumps blood to tissues throughout the body cavity is a(n)
open circulatory system.
A disease-causing agent that does not usually infect and cause disease in a person with a healthy immune system is termed a(n)
opportunistic pathogen.
The diffusion of water across a membrane that is permeable to water but not to ions and other charged solutes is
osmosis.
Evolution occurs
over generations.
In the Investigating Life, the observation that Tiktaalik had both gills and lungs suggests that it could absorb
oxygen from both the air and water.
Which is not a major part of the immune system?
pancreas
When a tapeworm steals nutrients from the gut of a mammalian host, that symbiosis is called
parasitism.
Which of the following is not classified as a mammal?
penguin
If you eat a lot of meat, one enzyme needed to break down all of that protein would be
pepsin
Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum. The bacteria release botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions. Which would be inhibited in the gut of a person with botulism?
peristalsis
The observable properties of genes is an organism's
phenotype.
The study of the function of all of the body's parts is
physiology
Special cells produced by the immune system that are progeny of stimulated B cells and are antibody-producing factories are
plasma cells.
DNA that is circular and apart from the chromosome in a prokaryote is a(n)
plasmid.
Gymnosperms and angiosperms evolved ______ allowing them to live and reproduce in drier habitats than bryophytes and seedless vascular plants.
pollen grains and seeds
The number of individuals of a species per unit area or volume of habitat is
population density.
A group of organisms of one species occupying a geographical location at the same time is a
population.
When a blood clot begins to form, the enzyme thrombin is formed. Thrombin then activates the enzymes that produce more thrombin. This is an example of _____ feedback.
positive
Botulism is caused by an infection with Clostridium botulinum. The bacteria release botulinum toxin that prevents the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions. What advantage would the bacteria gain by secreting the toxin?
prevent the body from excreting the bacteria
A cervical cap is a silicone cup that fits within the vagina and covers the cervix. This contraceptive
prevents sperm from reaching the egg.
The cells in the ovary that give rise to the mature egg cells are the
primary oocytes.
Gymnosperms have an advantage over ferns in that gymnosperms
produce pollen and do not require water to reproduce.
Seedless vascular plants can ______ without water, but cannot ______ without water.
reproduce asexually; reproduce sexually
In ______, multiple species use the same resource in a slightly different way or at a different time.
resource partitioning
Flatworms are very thin and can exchange materials across their surface. Flatworms lack which of the following anatomical systems?
respiratory
The parts of the plant that absorb water and minerals are the
roots.
When a female cuttlefish accepts a male's mating attempt, the two animals align head-to-head, and he inserts a sperm packet into her body. This is an example of
sexual internal fertilization.
Patients with muscular dystrophy have decreased voluntary motion, while involuntary motions remain normal. Which tissues are affected by muscular dystrophy?
skeletal muscle only
The founder effect occurs when
small groups of individuals leave their home population and establish new settlements, mating only among themselves.
Babies that are at a low birth weight are more likely to have health problems, while women will have difficulty delivering babies with high birth weight. Together this leads to ______ for babies of average birth weight.
stabilizing selection
The mode of natural selection in which extreme phenotypes are less fit than the optimal intermediate phenotype is
stabilizing selection.
The mode of natural selection in which two or more extreme phenotypes are fitter than the intermediate phenotype is
stabilizing selection.
Antacids would be effective in which part of the digestive system?
stomach
Acid reflux would occur under which conditions?
stomach contents leak into the esophagus
What evolved in terrestrial plants to allow the exchange of gases with air?
stomata
The parts of the plant that allow for gas exchange are the
stomata.
A gradual change in a community's species composition, occurring as competing organisms respond to and modify the physical environment, is referred to as ecological
succession.
A relationship between different species in which one species lives in or on another is
symbiosis.
Male athletes who take synthetic steroids can become sterile due to lack of sperm production. This is because of negative feedback on the
testes.
In the late 1950s, some women took _____ as a tranquilizer to relieve morning sickness and it caused deformed limbs in developing embryos.
thalidomide
The Earth has a constant tilt of ______ on its axis from its plane of orbit.
23.5 degrees
Use the Hardy-Weinberg equations: p + q = 1 and p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1. If the dominant allele frequency is 0.8, what percentage of the population will be heterozygous?
32%
Water covers about ______ of the Earth's surface.
70 percent
Which is not an important biogeochemical cycle on Earth?
ATP Cycle
Which type of genetic drift occurs when many members of a population die, resulting in a great loss of genetic diversity?
the bottleneck effect
The homeostasis of water in organisms is affected by
All answers are correct
Antibiotic resistance is becoming more common in disease-causing bacteria because
All answers are correct.
Heterotrophs eat to
All answers are correct.
What is the purpose of flowers?
All answers are correct.
What would occur if the lymphatic system was absent?
All answers are correct.
Plants are
All of the answer choices are correct.
You are reading about a garden designer who has invented something called the "megagarden space" in which a few specimens are planted in a disturbed area and allowed to make a garden by self-propagation. Why might this designer choose to work with angiosperms rather than gymnosperms?
Angiosperms can produce flowers and fruits to aid in seed dispersal.
You are reading about a garden designer who has invented something called the "megagarden space" in which a few specimens are planted in a disturbed area and allowed to make a garden by self-propagation. Why might this designer choose to work with angiosperms rather than gymnosperms?
Angiosperms can produce flowers and fruits to aid in seed dispersal. Correct
Leeches and earthworms belong to the phylum
Annelida.
Photosynthesis probably originated during the _____ eon and most likely used _____ as an electron donor.
Archean; hydrogen sulfide
Spiders and scorpions belong to the phylum
Arthropoda
The most successful phylum with regards to diversity and numbers is
Arthropoda.
Which of the following phyla of fungi contain the organism responsible for Dutch elm disease and chestnut blight?
Ascomycetes
In plants,
the diploid zygote develops into the sporophyte.
On Earth, solar energy is most intense at
the equator.
A cotyledon is
the first leaf structure to arise in the embryo of an angiosperm.
The few ancestors of the Galápagos finches who colonized the islands is an example of Multiple
the founder effect.
Evolution must include a change in
the gene pool of a population.
In a survivorship curve, a type I species, like a human or elephant, is a species that has
the highest probability of dying as it reaches its maximum life span.
In a survivorship curve, a type III species, like most insects and plants, is a species that has
the highest probability of dying at a very young age.
Euglena and dinoflagellates have chloroplasts and flagella. This means they have what characteristic(s)?
Both are photosynthetic and motile.
The geologist who suggested that natural processes are slow and steady and that the Earth is much older than 6,000 years was
Charles Lyell.
Corals and jellyfish belong to the phylum
Cnidaria.
Sea cucumbers and sea urchins belong to the phylum
Echinodermata.
Since fever is not always present, it is an example of adaptive immunity.
FALSE
The ovarian cycle prepares the uterus for pregnancy.
FALSE
The type of T cell that is primarily responsible for the production of antibodies is the plasma cell.
FALSE
The type of cell that is primarily responsible for initiating and coordinating the adaptive immune response is the B cell.
FALSE
A pyramid of energy represents each trophic level as a block whose size is directly proportional to the energy used in that level.
False
Conditions whose growth-limiting effects increase as a population grows are density-independent factors
False
Evolution occurs in individuals, not populations.
False
Gymnosperms are less successful than ferns because ferns make seeds.
False
If a scientist sees 20 finches in 3 trees where they nest at 5 p.m., the population density is 4.
False
If you observe that the hypothalamus of a newly discovered animal stimulates blood vessels in the skin to relax in response to excessive body temperature, you know that it is an ectotherm.
False
Natural populations usually fulfill the conditions needed for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
False
Natural selection is a random process.
False
Neurons insulate neuroglia as the latter carry electrical signals.
False
Parasitism is a symbiotic relationship in which neither member of the relationship benefits.
False
Protein was the first molecule carrying genetic information.
False
Scientists have fossils of the first life on Earth.
False
Sea cucumbers belong to the plant kingdom.
False
The hundreds of dog breeds are a product of natural selection.
False
The purpose of fruit is to provide nourishment for the growing plant after the seed germinates.
False
The species that appear in a climax community usually are short-lived, early-maturing, r-selected species that are strong competitors in a stable environment.
False
Water accounts for about half of the ecological footprint.
False
When exponential growth is plotted over time an S-shaped curve emerges.
False
The endosymbiont theory states that eukaryotic cells work together to form a multicellular organism.
Fasle
Which description is correctly matched with its term?
Innate defenses—able to defend against any pathogen
Birth control pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone. What effect would this have on the anterior pituitary?
It would secrete less FSH and LH.
Birth control pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone. What effect would this have on the hypothalamus?
It would secrete less gonadotrophin-releasing hormone.
A country's ecological footprint can be calculated by multiplying its population size by the footprint of each individual. Why are some ecologists concerned about the ecological footprint of a country like India?
Its population and land area are increasing.
A prokaryote that occupies a habitat that is characterized by extreme heat (above 50°C) is a(n)
thermophile.
How is the ability of phospholipids to spontaneously form membranes when placed in water important in the origin of life on Earth?
Membranes are used by cells to isolate their contents from the environment.
Snails and squids belong to the phylum
Mollusca
Darwin obtained which of the following in the Essay on the Principle of Population by Malthus?
More individuals of a population are born than survive to reproduce.
Which best describes the link between survivorship curves and opportunistic species?
Opportunistic species are limited by density-independent factors and have many offspring.
Groups of cells that interact and provide a specific function are defined as a(n)
tissue.
Epithelial cells of the small intestine contain about 500 microvilli. What is the purpose of these microvilli?
to increase surface area for food absorption
The role of B cells in adaptive immunity is _____, while the role of T cells in adaptive immunity is _____.
to secrete antibodies in humoral immunity; to attack marked cells in cell-mediated immunity
to secrete antibodies in humoral immunity; to attack marked cells in cell-mediated immunity
to secrete antibodies in humoral immunity; to attack marked cells in cell-mediated immunity
Which of the following STIs is caused by a protist?
trichomoniasis
Which ecosystem would have the highest net primary production?
tropical rain forest
You are asked to place descriptive labels on a plant model which all students in an introductory laboratory will examine. ________ would receive a label saying "transports sugars around the plant."
Phloem
Cilia sweep the released mature oocyte from an ovary into the
uterine tube.
Some scientists predict that as atmospheric carbon dioxide levels increase, plant growth will also increase. What is the best explanation for this hypothesis?
Plants consume carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis.
A preparation that "teaches" the immune system to recognize a disease-causing agent without actually causing disease is termed a(n)
vaccination.
Flukes and tapeworms belong to the phylum
Platyhelminthes.
The tube-like structure that serves as the birth canal in the human female is the
vagina.
You are working with a male patient suffering from infertility. Examination shows no problems until a blockage in a tube that extends from the scrotum and connects to the ejaculatory duct. You tell the patient that the infertility is probably due to damage to his
vas deferens.
What evolved in terrestrial plants to provide support and transport for water and minerals?
vascular tissues
What was likely the first informational molecule of life?
RNA
What is the advantage of a gymnosperm producing a seed over a fern producing a spore?
Seeds are diploid, and can grow directly into a sporophyte.
Segmentation occurs in annelids, arthropods, and chordates. What can therefore be concluded about segmentation?
Segmentation evolved multiple times.
If you placed cells from a marine alga in freshwater, you would expect to see that
water moves into the cell by osmosis.
When the concentration of solutes in a fluid is higher outside the cell than inside,
water moves out of the cell by osmosis.
The two types of vascular tissue in most plants are
xylem and phloem.
The parts of the plant that conduct water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves are the
xylem.
Which of the following eats free-floating photosynthetic organisms found in lakes?
zooplankton
The correct sequence for the stages in development from conception to birth is
zygote, preembryonic stage, embryonic stage, fetal stage.
A very rapid response to a pathogen, involving antibodies, is a secondary immune reaction.
TRUE
Genital warts are caused by HPV.
TRUE
Heterotrophs could live underground if they could find a food source, but photosynthetic autotrophs, which include the majority of autotrophs on Earth, must live where they can obtain sunlight.
TRUE
If you detected large amounts of ammonia in mammalian urine, you would know that the mammal in question had serious problems with liver and urinary functions.
TRUE
If you see B cells, you know that a humoral response is underway.
TRUE
The events of the birthing process use positive feedback. The stretching of the cervix during prelabor or stage 1 of labor causes the hypothalamus to trigger the pituitary gland to release the hormone oxytocin, which causes uterine contractions.
TRUE
The primary immune response produces memory cells that stimulate a faster immune response on a subsequent exposure to the same foreign antigen.
TRUE
The second time that an immune system sees an antigen, a secondary immune reaction will take place.
TRUE
The trace mineral iron is necessary in humans for the transport of oxygen by hemoglobin molecules.
TRUE
A male peacock has enormous tail feathers that it uses in mating displays to attract females. While the tail feathers are an advantage in mating, what is the potential disadvantage of these feathers to the male?
The feathers require a lot of energy to produce.
In the section "Investigating Life: Genetic Messages from Ancient Ecosystems," what was the advantage of looking for DNA samples in permafrost?
The freezing temperatures preserve the DNA.
Researchers studying guppies in Trinidad found that guppies in streams with high predation reproduced earlier and more frequently. Which of the following is most important in driving the guppies to change their life history in face of predation?
The guppies are an opportunistic species.
Which of the following characteristics do all animals share?
They are multicellular eukaryotes.
Why are lichens a good indicator of environmental quality?
They cannot excrete absorbed toxins.
