BIO 201 Quiz 6

Which of the following about mosses is false?

They have swimming sperm They have haploid gametes They require water for fertilization (ANS): The macroscopic stage is dominant

Pine nuts are not true nuts because:

True nuts come from gymnosperms. (ANS): They are not fruits, and are not the result of double fertilization. True nuts are edible.

Which of the following are synapomorphies for angiosperms and gymnosperms? Select all true answers.

Vascular tissue (ANS): Seeds Heterospory (ANS): Loss of swimming sperm (ANS): Gametophytes become microscopic

What best characterizes the function of xylem?

Xylem is the "farm" of the plant, producing food. (ANS): Xylem is the "faucet" of the plant, taking up and transporting water. Xylem is the plant tissue where photosynthesis takes place. Xylem is only found in plants residing hot, in arid environments.

You eat corn on the cob (the ear). Which statement is true?

You have consumed haploid, diploid, and triploid tissue (ANS): You have consumed embryos and endosperm You have consumed seeds containing gametophytes All of the above None of the above

Gymnosperms such as conifers were able to colonize new areas of the Earth because:

a) Gymnosperm cones could protect swimming sperm from dessication (drying out). b) Gymnosperm sperm were adapted to swimming in very small quantities of water. c) Gymnosperm sporophytes produced endosperm (food) for their offspring. (ANS): d) Gymnosperm reproduction did not require liquid water for fertilization. e) Gymnosperm seeds were able to combine with spores and form protective cones.

Most gymnosperms are wind pollinated, true or false?

(ANS): A. True B. False

What is the basic formula for photosynthesis?

(ANS): Carbon dioxide + water → sugar + oxygen Sugar + water → carbon dioxide + oxygen Sugar + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water Oxygen + water → sugar + carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide + sugar → water + oxygen

In the moss life cycle, the haploid phase is called the __________, while the diploid phase is called _______."

(ANS): Gametophyte; sporophyte Sporophyte; gametophyte Egg; sperm Archegonium; spore

Where does fertilization of the sperm and egg occur in gymnosperms and angiosperms?

(ANS): Inside the plant Outside the plant Inside or outside the plant Gymnosperms and angiosperms do not have sperm and eggs

In bryophytes (mosses) and pteridophytes (ferns), gametes are produced through ____________ and spores are produced through _________."

(ANS): Mitosis; meiosis Mitosis; mitosis Meiosis; mitosis Fertilization; meiosis Meiosis; fertilization

Which of the following statements about both ferns and mosses is TRUE?

(ANS): Mosses and ferns produce spores that leave the plant and float in the air. Mosses and ferns use xylem to transport water throughout their bodies Mosses and ferns are haploid for most of their life cycles. Mosses and ferns produce small seeds in the spring. All of the above are true

In flowering plants, double fertilization results in the development of:

(ANS): One embryo and the endosperm One embryo and one pollen grain. Two embryos, with only one surviving embryo. The endosperm and the microspore None of the above.

Which of the following character states is shared by mosses and angiosperms?

(ANS): Presence of spores Presence of swimming sperm Presence of gametes produced by meiosis A and B only None of the above

How are mosses, ferns, and humans, similar in their life histories?"

(ANS): They all have haploid gametes They all produce gametes by mitosis They all produce gametes by meiosis They all produce spores by meiosis

Which of the following synapomorphies are correctly matched to the group?

(ANS): synapomorphy = seeds; group = gymnosperms + angiosperms synapomorphy = vascular tissue; group = mosses + ferns + gymnosperms + angiosperms synapomorphy = photosynthesis; group = land plants None of the above All of the above

In most land regions of Earth today, the flora (plant life) consists primarily of:

(ANS);Angiosperms Gymnosperms Bryophytes Ferns Cycads

The evolution of giant insects occurred when land plants expanded and colonized the planet. What claims have biologists put forth to explain the evolution of these giant insects?

(ANS)L: The expansion of land plants over new areas of the Earth produced an unusually high amount of oxygen in the atmosphere that allowed larger insects to survive. The expansion of land plants over new areas of the Earth produced more food for the insects to eat, which caused them to evolve larger sizes. The expansion of land plants over new areas of the Earth caused insects to consume larger quantities of carbon dioxide and use this carbon to build larger bodies. All of the above are true. None of the above are true.

If you harvest 1 corn cob (or " ear") from a corn plant that contains 300 kernels, which of the following statements about this particular corn cob is true?

150 male gametophytes were involved in forming the 300 kernels of corn 600 male gametophytes were involved in 300 fertilization events (ANS): 300 male gametophytes were invovled in 600 fertilization events 150 male gametophytes were involved in fertilzing 300 female gametophytes 150 female gametophytes were involved in 150 fertilization events

Which of the following is true about plant evolutionary trends?

A. Over time, spores have become less important in the plant life cycle B. Over time, the sporophyte has become larger C. Over time, the gametophyte has become smaller A, B, & C (ANS): B & C

Which of the following is TRUE about the sporophytes of mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, AND angiosperms?

A. they are haploid B. they germinate from spores (ANS): C. they are visible to the unaided eye D. they are produced by double fertilization E. none of the above

Which of the following is TRUE about fruits

A. they provide nutritious food for the developing seed B. they consist of endosperm tissue C. they are produced by all seed plants (ANS): D. they represent adaptations for seed dispersal E. none of the above

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

All land plants have vascular tissue (ANS): All land plants have spores All land plants have seeds All land plants have xylem All of the above are true

Which of these character state changes occur on the phylogeny of land plants?

Change from cuticle: present to cuticle: absent Change from stomata: present to stomata: absent (ANS): Change from dominant gametophyte to dominant sporophyte Change from presence of vascular tissue to absence of vascular tissue

Which of the following is the closest relative to land plants?

Chlorophytes (ANS): Charophytes Blue-green algae Red algae

Which of the following statements about coal is true?

Coal is formed from ancient angiosperm forests Coal sucks up CO2 when burned Coal is used to generate about 9% of US power Coal formation contributes to global warming (ANS): None of the above

When we eat an angiosperm seed, we are eating:

Diploid tissue Triploid tissue Embryo (ANS): All of the above None of the above

Which of the following statements about corn reproduction is true?

Fertilization occus at the top of the plant in a structure called the tassle Meiosis occurs at only one location on the plant, specifically the female flower During reproduction, swimming sperm are produced by mitosis (ANS): Each seed is formed by two fertilization events None of the above

Which of the following provide food for the developing embryo?

Fruit Stigma (ANS): Endosperm Soil Gametes

Which of the following statements accurately align with the biological definition of a fruit?

Fruits are made mostly of high-energy endosperm Fruits are sweet structures high in sugar. Fruits are nutrition sources for the developing embryo. All of the above (ANS): None of the above

Which of the following statements about gymnosperms is TRUE?

Gymnosperms produce pollen that is typically transported by insects and animals. Gymnosperms have leaves with high surface areas that help to prevent water loss. (ANS): Gymnosperms are the primary source of paper products in the United States. Gymnosperms produce seeds in structures known as microstrobili. All of the above.

Spores in vascular plants are:

Haploid and produced on the gametophyte (ANS): Haploid and produced on the sporophyte Diploid and produced on the gametophyte Diploid and produced on the sporophyte Diploid and produced by fusion of haploid gametes

In gymnosperms and angiosperms, spores are produced __________________ the plant via _______________.

Inside; mitosis Outside; mitosis (ANS): Inside; meiosis Outside; meiosis

Which of the following is/are true about vascular tissue?

It is found in ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms, but not mosses It is comprised of xylem and phloem It carries water and sugars Water transport is a passive process (ANS): All of the above are true

In ferns and gymnosperms, eggs are produced by ____ and spores are producedby____

Meiosis; meiosis Meiosis; mitosis (ANS): Mitosis; meiosis Meiosis; fertilization Mitosis; syngamy

In heterosporous land plants, ______________ produce ________________.

Microgametophytes; eggs (ANS): Microgametophytes; sperm Microgametophytes; eggs and sperm Megagametophytes; sperm Megagametophytes; eggs and sperm

Which of the following statements is true?

Moss sperms are produced by mitosis Conifers produce spores Seeds contain embryos (ANS): All of the above None of the above

Which of the following statements about both mosses and ferns is TRUE?

Mosses and ferns are diploid for most of their life cycles. Mosses and ferns produce small seeds in the spring. (ANS): Mosses and ferns produce sperm that require water for fertilization. Mosses and ferns use xylem to transport water. All of the above are true

What is one effect of the evolution of vascular tissue in plants?

Plants were able to move to land Plants needed smaller amounts of carbon dioxide to survive (ANS): Plants became bigger in size and became a source of coal Plants no longer relied on the soil for minerals

Roots have no chlorophyll and grow in darkness. So how do roots obtain their food?

Roots do not require food. Food is transported from the soil to the roots via root hairs. (ANS): Roots obtain their food from the phloem. Roots obtain their food from insects in the soil.

In the fern life cycle, the haploid phase is dominant (TRUE/FALSE), and is called the _____________."

TRUE; gametophyte (ANS): FALSE; gametophyte TRUE; sporophyte FALSE; sporophyte

The origin of land plants was associated with:

The first production of oxygen by living things The origin of photosynthesis The first green organisms on earth All of the above (ANS): None of the above

Which of the following statements about seeds is false?

The seed develops on the parent sporophyte The seed contains an embryonic stage of a young sporophyte (ANS): The seed gets energy from the fruit that surrounds it The seed develops after fertilization has taken place The seed is a resting stage that may be viable for many years