BIO 220, Chapter 3, Peptidoglycan

teichoic acid

A lack of these in the cell wall is why a gram positive bacteria stains purple.

gram positive

Bacteria with thick cell walls are classified as this.

cell wall

Because bacteria live in aqueous environments with low concentrations of dissolved nutrients, this layer constantly absorbs excess water by osmosis.

peptidoglycan

If not for the rigidity of this in the cell wall, the bacteria would rupture under its own pressure as it constantly takes in water.

cell membrane

In gram positive bacteria, this is directly beneath the thick cell wall.

antibiotics

Many _____ and lysozyme in tears and saliva work by dissolving the peptide cross link in peptidoglycan, making the bacteria rupture.

peptidoglycan

Polysaccharide that contains short chains of amino acids; found in bacterial cell walls.

carbohydrates, amino acids

Murein forms a net-like structure of a _____ backbone in covalently bonded strands; crossed by chains of four _____ ____.

proteins, carbohydrates

Peptidoglycan is made of _____ and _____.

rigidity

Regardless of thickness, all cell walls lend _____ to the bacterial cell.

glycocalyx

The capsule is composed mostly of this.

phospholipids

The cell membrane is composed mostly of these.

layers

The cell wall can be thick or thin depending on how many _____ of murein are stacked.

peptidoglycan

The cell wall is made from this.

cell wall

This is an extra layer between the outer glycocalyx and the cytoplasmic membrane in many species of bacteria.

gram negative

These have an extra phospholipid biylayer outside the cell wall.

gram negative

These have an extra phospholipid layer outside the cell wall that tends to have lipopolysaccharide in it.

gram negative

These have thinner cell walls an no teichoic acid.

lipopolysaccharides

These molecules in the outer plasma membrane of gram negative bacteria can cause inflammation and fever.

teichoic acid

These tend to be embedded in the cell wall and will stain purple when Gram stained.

Mycoplasma

This is a bacteria that lacks a cell wall.

peptidoglycan

This is a combination of peptides folded into functional proteins with chains of carbhydrates called polysaccharides.

lipopolysaccharide

This is a lipid-carbohydrate molecule in the out wall of gram negative bacteria.

murein

This is the peptidoglycan specific to bacteria

murein

This peptidoglycan makes up the cell wall of bacteria.